SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Multimodal learning”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources

PubMed1984

A multimodal assessment of behavioral and cognitive deficits in abused and neglected preschoolers.

42 preschool children who had a previous history of physical abuse, serious neglect, or no prior history of child maltreatment participated in a multimodal assessment of cognitive and behavioral functioning. In addition to standardized tests of cognitive ability and behavioral observations in the classrooms, both the parents and teachers rated the children on several measures. Results show that the abused and neglected children had lower scores on all the measures of cognitive functioning when compared to the matched comparison children. The behavioral observation data from the classrooms, however, were more complex. That is, differences among groups depended on the type of behavior observed. Neglected children engaged in the least number of interactions with other children, and the abused children demonstrated the most aggression. Both parents and teachers rated the maltreated children as more aggressive, less mature, and less ready to learn. In summary, differences between abused, neglected, and comparison children were present on a number of measures, indicating that maltreated children display significant cognitive and social deficits.

Aggression↗

PubMed1989

Memory for action events in Alzheimer-type dementia: further evidence of an encoding failure.

The purpose of the present research was to examine the nature of the encoding problem in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) using a nonstrategic memory task, namely the recall of action events or subject-performed tasks (SPTs). The first experiment investigated the retention of SPTs and the verbal descriptions of action events in patients with mild-to-moderate DAT, young, and old adults. While the healthy older adults showed significantly higher recall for SPTs than for verbal descriptions, the DAT patients failed to exhibit this effect. A follow-up study replicated this same pattern using SPTs and tasks performed by the experimenter. As the multimodal and contextually rich encoding environment present in SPTs had no effect on the patients' retention, this suggests that manipulations designed to enhance encoding in this population will be unsuccessful. The relevance of the results to (1) memory compensation in the aged, and (2) the development of mnemonic training programs for the elderly are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

Next-Generation Disease Profiling by Integrating Histopathology with Spatial Multi-Omics Data.

The field of pathology has experienced several transformative changes in recent years with the advent of digital pathology and spatial multi-omics. These technologies have enhanced every aspect of pathology practice, from streamlining daily workflows to generating high-fidelity multi-omics data that provide pathologists with novel tools to refine disease profiling and clinical diagnosis. Each layer of multimodal data (genomic, metabolomic, proteomic, or transcriptomic) has uncovered a distinct facet of disease pathologies, and combined with machine learning/artificial intelligence-based data analysis and pattern recognition models, has provided holistic understanding of regulatory mechanisms underpinning them. However, high-dimensional data have far exceeded the volume, scale, and complexity of immunostaining methods implemented by pathologists and, thus, have generated significant challenges related to deconvolution, interpretation, and clinical translation. Furthermore, these multimodal studies have predominantly relied on computational methods to process data and extract disease-relevant insights, thus raising questions around relevance or role of a pathologist in this new era of multi-omics. This review will provide a perspective on the evolving fields of molecular histopathology and spatial -omics, leveraging them to approach disease profiling, and redefining the role of a pathologist during this process.

Humans↗

PubMed2002

[Prognosis, staging and therapy of malignant pleural mesothelioma].

PROGNOSIS: Prognosis of pleural mesothelioma remains dismal. Regardless of the modality employed median survival ranges between 6 and 12 months, only 20% of patients survive 1 year. In 1996 the International Mesothelioma Interest Group (IMIG) published a widely accepted staging system. So far there is no effective standard therapy. Even very aggressive therapies do not basically influence the course of the disease. THERAPEUTICAL STUDIES: Despite numerous single-agent and combination chemotherapy trials no standard regimen could be found. Few agents yield reproducible response rates above 20%. The majority of the trials are inconclusive according to statistical criteria, as subject numbers are insufficient to prove or deny effectiveness. It also remains obscure in which stage of the disease patients may benefit from chemotherapy because of a lack of analysis of response rates within different stages. Striking is the lack of sufficient studies analyzing patients' quality of life treated with often very toxic regimens. DRUG TREATMENT: Systemic administration of interferons alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents did not result in higher response rates or prolonged median survival. In very early stages of the disease patients may have limited benefit from intracavitary, local administration of gamma-interferon. MULTIMODALITY APPROACHES: Mere surgical procedures as extrapleural pneumonectomy or pleurectomy/decortication have been left in favor of multimodality approaches. Due to careful patient selection and improved operation techniques mortality could be reduced. Neither chemotherapy, radiotherapy nor photodynamic therapy can prevent local relapse which occurs in the majority of patients. RADIOTHERAPY: The effectiveness of primary radiation therapy remains controversial. Even very high doses of radiation cannot control tumor growth. It remains unclear whether radiation therapy may palliate tumor associated symptoms. Prophylactic radiation of puncture channels and thoracotomy scars is effective to prevent tumor growth caused by seeding of mesothelioma cells. PERSPECTIVES: Research of the biological behavior of mesothelioma resulted in first phase I gene therapy trials. The results of the few promising approaches tested in phase II and III trials with sufficient patient numbers have to be awaited until we have learned whether and in which stage of the disease patients may benefit from therapy.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗

PubMed1991

An appraisal of chemical aversion (emetic therapy) approaches to alcoholism treatment.

More than 35,000 alcoholics have received chemical aversion (emetic therapy) in at least 75 settings worldwide since the 1930s. This consummatory aversion (CA) treatment, which pairs ethanol ingestion with emetically induced nausea, incorporates the highly efficient variety of learning known as taste aversion (TA) conditioning. The CA literature indicates that emetic therapy should induce conditioned alcohol aversions in many alcoholics. Such aversions have been widely reported by clinicians and have been confirmed by recent psychophysiological evidence. Long standing evidence of treatment effectiveness is found in the results of private hospitals which have consistently produced 1-yr abstinence rates approximating 60%. Diminished alcohol craving is a frequently reported benefit. Few experimental evaluations have been completed, as is generally the case for all alcoholism treatments, but those which used methodologically sound temporal parameters during conditioning have supported the clinical efficacy of emetic therapy. The clear need for more definitive research notwithstanding, there are compelling indications that emetic therapy is a useful component of multimodal treatment within certain alcoholic populations. However, its availability is severely limited. Many alcoholics could probably benefit from expanded treatment availability. The time is ripe for a reevaluation of resistances to the clinical use of emetic therapy alcoholism treatment.

Alcoholism↗

PubMed2001

Increasing specificity in perceptual development: infants' detection of nested levels of multimodal stimulation.

This research assessed the development of infants' sensitivity to two nested amodal temporal relations in audible and visible events. Their detection of global temporal synchrony between visible and audible impacts and internal temporal structure nested within each impact specifying object composition (single versus compound objects) was assessed. Infants of 4, 7, and 11 weeks of age were habituated to a single and a compound object striking a surface and then received test trials depicting a change in synchrony or object composition. Results indicated an interaction between age and condition where sensitivity to synchrony was present by 4 weeks and remained stable across age, whereas sensitivity to composition emerged later, by 7 weeks, and increased dramatically with age. These findings converge with other recent findings to illustrate a pattern of increasing specificity in the development of perception, where infants first detect global and later detect embedded relations. The early sensitivity to global relations may provide an organizational framework for development by focusing infant attention on unitary events, guiding and constraining further exploration, and buffering infants from learning incongruent relations.

Auditory Perception↗

PubMed1987

Perceiving similarity and comprehending metaphor.

We conducted a series of 3 experiments to assess the comprehension of 4 types of cross-modal (synesthetic) similarities in nearly 500 3.5-13.5-year-old children and more than 100 adults. We tested both perceptual and verbal (metaphoric) modes. Children of all ages and adults matched pitch to brightness and loudness to brightness, thereby showing that even very young children recognize perceptual similarities between hearing and vision. Children did not consistently recognize similarity between pitch and size until about age 11. This difference in developmental timetables is compatible with the view that pitch-brightness and loudness-brightness similarities are intrinsic characteristics of perception (characteristics based, perhaps, on common sensory codes), whereas pitch-size similarity may be learned (perhaps through association of size with resonance properties). In a parallel verbal task, even 4-year-old children showed at least some capacity to translate meanings metaphorically from one modality to another (e.g., rating "low pitched" as dim and "high pitched" as bright). But not all literal meanings produced metaphoric equivalents in the youngest children (e.g., rating "sunlight" brighter but not louder than "moonlight"). Improvements with age in making metaphoric translations of synesthetic expressions paralleled increasing differentiation of meanings along literal dimensions and increasing capacity to integrate meanings of components in compound expressions. We postulate that perceptual knowledge about objects and events is represented in terms of locations in a multidimensional space; cross-modal similarities imply that the space is also multimodal. Verbal processes later gain access to this graded perceptual knowledge, thus permitting the interpretation of synesthetic metaphors according to the rules of cross-modal perception.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMed2000

Commentary on the multimodal treatment study of children with ADHD.

The multimodal treatment study of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (MTA Study) constitutes a landmark in the history of treatment research in child psychopathology, being the largest single study of its kind ever undertaken. Important findings have emerged from this project, as the papers in the present volume will attest. This commentary focuses on several concerns about the assumptions that appear to have guided the design of the MTA study, particularly its psychosocial treatment component, as well as the manner in which treatment results have been presented to date. In particular, no explicit theory of ADHD appears to have guided the construction of the treatment components, relying instead on implicit theories associated with those treatments, such as the notion that the symptoms of ADHD arise through faulty learning and defective contingencies of reinforcement. Future articles from this study will need to address these and other concerns if the results of the study are to be properly interpreted and the scientific and clinical yield is to be maximized.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗

PubMed2026

Peptide molecular lock-engineered nanobodies enable an oriented dual-modal immunoassay for reliable detection of Cronobacter sakazakii.

Conventional nanobody ELISAs for trace Cronobacter sakazakii in powdered infant formula suffer from random orientation and low signal output. We developed an oriented dual-modal immunoassay that combines site-specific biotinylation via a C-terminal AviTag and a peptide molecular lock, enabling controlled surface orientation while preserving nanobody structural integrity. This strategy was further integrated with phage-displayed nanobodies for multivalent amplification and both fluorescent and colorimetric readouts. The assay exhibited a broad linear range of 103-106 CFU/mL, with limits of detection (LODs) of 6.70 × 102 CFU/mL for fluorescence and 1.55 × 103 CFU/mL for colorimetry, showing improved sensitivity compared with the conventional passive adsorption-based Nb-ELISA evaluated in this study. XGBoost-based multimodal fusion improved quantitative accuracy, and SHAP analysis elucidated modality contributions. In spiked powdered infant formula samples, recoveries ranged from 92.1% to 118% with coefficients of variation below 5.98%, confirming acceptable matrix tolerance and analytical reliability.

Cronobacter sakazakii↗

PubMed2005

The neural basis of smooth-pursuit eye movements.

Smooth-pursuit eye movements are used to stabilize the image of a moving object of interest on the fovea, thus guaranteeing its high-acuity scrutiny. Such movements are based on a phylogenetically recent cerebro-ponto-cerebellar pathway that has evolved in parallel with foveal vision. Recent work has shown that a network of several cerebrocortical areas directs attention to objects of interest moving in three dimensions and reconstructs the trajectory of the target in extrapersonal space, thereby integrating various sources of multimodal sensory and efference copy information, as well as cognitive influences such as prediction. This cortical network is the starting point of a set of parallel cerebrofugal projections that use different parts of the dorsal pontine nuclei and the neighboring rostral nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis as intermediate stations to feed two areas of the cerebellum, the flocculus-paraflocculus and the posterior vermis, which make mainly complementary contributions to the control of smooth pursuit.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

[Inpatient behavior therapy of depression--a multimodal approach in clinical practice].

Using a reinforcement-oriented model of depression, we applied a multimodal approach of behavior therapy in clinical setting. We modified the self-control-group-therapy of psychoreactive depression, developed by Fuchs und Rehm (1977) in order to reach applicability for inpatients of psychiatric hospital. Operant techniques, social skills training, self-control-techniques, and the cognitive techniques developed by Beck (1979) were used. In contrast to Becks cognitive therapy we emphasized both the motivational aspect of depression and the aspect of self-regulation and self-modification too. There was not only the therapist trying to change behavior, thinking, and feeling of the patient by cognitive techniques. The patient himself tried to develop cognitive and behavior coping strategies. The treatment of patients with severe depression in an early stage was controlled by the therapist, later on they learned to control themselves. A central point of the concept of self-modification is teaching well founded knowledge of behavior analyses to the patient. Self-modification is not very efficient without, and the patient's motivation to work on his own therapy is elevated significantly. In some cases we continue this form of therapy after the patient's leaving the hospital up to three months.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

[Prediction of postoperative nausea and vomiting using an artificial neural network].

OBJECTIVE: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are still frequent side-effects after general anaesthesia. These unpleasant symptoms for the patients can be sufficiently reduced using a multimodal antiemetic approach. However, these efforts should be restricted to risk patients for PONV. Thus, predictive models are required to identify these patients before surgery. So far all risk scores to predict PONV are based on results of logistic regression analysis. Artificial neural networks (ANN) can also be used for prediction since they can take into account complex and non-linear relationships between predictive variables and the dependent item. This study presents the development of an ANN to predict PONV and compares its performance with two established simplified risk scores (Apfel's and Koivuranta's scores). METHODS: The development of the ANN was based on data from 1,764 patients undergoing elective surgical procedures under balanced anaesthesia. The ANN was trained with 1,364 datasets and a further 400 were used for supervising the learning process. One of the 49 ANNs showing the best predictive performance was compared with the established risk scores with respect to practicability, discrimination (by means of the area under a receiver operating characteristics curve) and calibration properties (by means of a weighted linear regression between the predicted and the actual incidences of PONV). RESULTS: The ANN tested showed a statistically significant ( p<0.0001) and clinically relevant higher discriminating power (0.74; 95% confidence interval: 0.70-0.78) than the Apfel score (0.66; 95% CI: 0.61-0.71) or Koivuranta's score (0.69; 95% CI: 0.65-0.74). Furthermore, the agreement between the actual incidences of PONV and those predicted by the ANN was also better and near to an ideal fit, represented by the equation y=1.0x+0. The equations for the calibration curves were: KNN y=1.11x+0, Apfel y=0.71x+1, Koivuranta 0.86x-5. CONCLUSION: The improved predictive accuracy achieved by the ANN is clinically relevant. However, the disadvantages of this system prevail because a computer is required for risk calculation. Thus, we still recommend the use of one of the simplified risk scores for clinical practice.

Artificial Intelligence↗

PubMed2005

Locally linear discriminant analysis for multimodally distributed classes for face recognition with a single model image.

We present a novel method of nonlinear discriminant analysis involving a set of locally linear transformations called "Locally Linear Discriminant Analysis (LLDA)." The underlying idea is that global nonlinear data structures are locally linear and local structures can be linearly aligned. Input vectors are projected into each local feature space by linear transformations found to yield locally linearly transformed classes that maximize the between-class covariance while minimizing the within-class covariance. In face recognition, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) has been widely adopted owing to its efficiency, but it does not capture nonlinear manifolds of faces which exhibit pose variations. Conventional nonlinear classification methods based on kernels such as generalized discriminant analysis (GDA) and support vector machine (SVM) have been developed to overcome the shortcomings of the linear method, but they have the drawback of high computational cost of classification and overfitting. Our method is for multiclass nonlinear discrimination and it is computationally highly efficient as compared to GDA. The method does not suffer from overfitting by virtue of the linear base structure of the solution. A novel gradient-based learning algorithm is proposed for finding the optimal set of local linear bases. The optimization does not exhibit a local-maxima problem. The transformation functions facilitate robust face recognition in a low-dimensional subspace, under pose variations, using a single model image. The classification results are given for both synthetic and real face data.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2004

[Psychopedagogical management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with the model of executive function training].

Different therapeutic models have been presented with which to treat the condition of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the scientific literature speaks of the benefits linked to multimodal approaches. The National Institute of Mental Health report grants combined treatments an essential role. Throughout the literature authors agree that the executive functions are intrinsically related to the functions of the frontal lobe. We consider executive function training (EFT) to be another resource available within the different approaches used to treat ADHD and which is oriented towards developing and reinforcing the neuropsychological functions so as to give rise to new cognitive resources. Working memory is responsible for storage for a minimum amount of time while the information needed to resolve higher cognitive processes is manipulated. Some authors consider executive dysfunction to be a distinguishing element of ADHD. This type of dysfunction would make it more difficult for the higher cognitive processes to be carried out and is therefore a disorder that conditions the problems observed in the formal academic learning processes. The EFT programme consists of specific work modules and is aimed at favouring the appearance, development and operation of the affected functions.

Attention↗

PubMed2004

The delivery simulator: a new application of medical VR.

This paper presents an elementary overview of the potential of Multimodal Virtual Reality (MVR) techniques in medical education, e.g. obstetrics. The study shows how to transfer the concept of MVR from a time-independent environment, e.g. the Munich Knee Joint Simulator, to a time-critical simulation environment as it can be found in flight simulators. The simulator consists of a haptic, a graphical and an acoustic user interface, which are connected to a biomechanical model for the birth process itself and a physiological model of both mother and child, in order to simulate, e.g. a cardiotocograph (CTG). The user can just watch an uncomplicated birth or is acting as the responsible obstetrician who has a variety of treatment options during the delivery with the most relevant medication or forceps/vacuum-extraction. During this practical training a MVR feedback system assists the trainee and exposes his errors and, thus, allows him to learn faster without endangering a real mother and her child. This concept allows for the first time to transfer stored haptic expert-knowledge to the trainee without a tool-based feedback approach.

Computer Simulation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[General practice of pedagogic management by teachers of hyperkinetic attention deficit disordered children in the classroom].

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is one of the most common behavior disorders in child and adolescent psychiatry. The problems resulting from the core symptoms of the disorder often endure into adolescence and adulthood placing these children at significant long-term risk for academic psychological and social morbidity. Despite the importance of the school in this process relatively few teachers of regular schools have sufficient knowledge about the foundations and principles of treatment concerning ADHD nor do they receive adequate training how to deal with ADHD related problems in the classroom. Moreover there is a significant lack of cooperation between schools, parents and therapeutic institutions inhibiting a multimodal treatment. This article resumes the experiences of a 3 months ADHD intervention program for teachers in a Cologne elementary school. It gives informations and advices for appropriate measurements in the classroom setting that include: 1. intensive information of teachers about the disorder, 2. intensified involvement of teachers in the treatment process and 3. the implementation of distinct didactic elements and well structured principles of behavior therapy in the school lessons.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in sepsis: update on clinical trials and lessons learned.

OBJECTIVE: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is an important mediator involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis. We review clinical studies investigating the efficacy of anti-TNF therapy in decreasing mortality rates in septic patients. DATA SOURCES: We conducted a computerized bibliographic search of randomized, clinical, multicenter trials studying the effects of anti-TNF therapy in the treatment of sepsis. We included all primary studies, reviewed all published meta-analyses, and contacted primary investigators of multicenter trials where necessary. DATA SYNTHESIS: Almost all randomized studies targeting TNF during sepsis show a small, albeit nonsignificant, benefit in decreasing mortality. Strategies using monoclonal antibodies are more effective than are strategies using TNF receptor proteins. Analysis of randomized multicenter trials shows a small but significant benefit with anti-TNF therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, a recent study in 2634 septic patients using a murine anti-TNF antibody shows a 3.6% significant benefit in reducing mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-TNF strategies are only partially effective in patients with sepsis. Although individual studies show small, nonsignificant benefits, analysis of all trial data as well as data from a recent trial in a large population of septic patients show that anti-TNF strategies may confer a small survival benefit. Better characterization of patients and a more multimodal approach by concomitantly targeting other mediators involved in sepsis may be helpful in enlarging the clinical benefit of anti-TNF therapy.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed2004

Some lessons learned from imatinib mesylate clinical development in gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Imatinib mesylate is a molecular-targeted agent, shown to be effective in chronic myeloid leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). The latter may currently serve as a model on which speculating how the future of molecular-targeted therapy in solid tumors will be. So far, some lessons have been learnt. 1) Molecular-targeted therapy can be effective in the advanced disease setting, resulting in major tumor responses. 2) Patterns of tumor responses may be peculiar, radiologically and pathologically. 3) Anti-tumor activity may be highly predictable by assessing tumor molecular biology. 4) The methodology of clinical development of molecular-targeted agents may differ from standard chemotherapy in some respects, because, say, the preclinical rationale may be stronger, thus increasing the Bayesian prior probability of efficacy, or the optimal dose cannot be determined separately from the assessment of activity and efficacy. 5) Molecular-targeted agents will hardly remain "orphan drugs", if effective. 6) While an obvious impact on survival in the advanced disease setting has been clearly demonstrated, the biologic and clinical impact of molecular-targeted therapy still needs to be elucidated. Its eradicating capabilities, as well as the implications of secondary resistance, are to be understood. 7) Integrated, multimodality approaches, including surgery, may still be of value in the molecular-targeted therapy era.

Benzamides↗