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Results for “NOCARDIA INFECTIONS”

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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Primary cerebral abscess due to nocardia presenting as 'ghost tumor'. Clinical and pathological study.

We report a case of a primary cerebral abscess due to Nocardia asteroides in a nonimmunocompromised patient with a particular clinical course. The first symptom (right subacute brachial palsy) and the lesion in a computed tomographic (CT) scan (left parietofrontal edema suggestive of brain tumor) disappeared after corticosteroid treatment and the patient was discharged with total recovery. After 2 months she complained of headache and visual disturbance. A new CT scan showed an annular lesion in the left occipital lobe. A cerebral biopsy was diagnosed of nocardia infection. The patient died 2 weeks after this biopsy. A postmortem study showed an occipital brain abscess but not structural abnormalities were seen in the left parietofrontal area. We believe that the first episode could be a local inflammatory response to cerebral implantation of nocardia which disappeared clinically in the CT scan and in the postmortem study after corticosteroid treatment. Then the nocardia could have displaced by the hematological route to the second and definitive cerebral lesion.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Nocardiosis in Israel. A report of five cases.

Five cases of Nocardia infection are briefly described, four due to Nocardia asteroides and one to N. brasiliensis. The latter represents the first reported case of N. brasiliensis infection in Israel. In three of the patients, the infections were associated with an underlying disease process and with prolonged high-dosage therapy with steroids and/or cytotoxic drugs. In the other two patients, the disease was spontaneous.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Pediatric nocardiosis.

Characteristics of Nocardia infection, which occurred in ten Oklahoma children between 1975 and 1980, are described. Fatal N asteroides infection occurred in three immunocompromised patients. Pneumonia was the presenting feature in each; one patient had disseminated disease. The first reported case of shunt-associated N asteroides ventriculitis occurred in a 2-month-old girl, who was successfully treated with oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. N brasiliensis was isolated from six immunologically competent children, five of whom had localized, uncomplicated, cutaneous infections. The sixth child developed osteomyelitis following a compound skull fracture. Based on this experience and a review of the literature, N asteroides infections are associated with immunocompromised hosts, and usually are seen as pneumonia with occasional dissemination to other sites. In contrast, N brasiliensis infections are more common than previously thought and usually occur in otherwise normal children as acute posttraumatic pyoderma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Cutaneous nocardiosis complicating management of Crohn's disease with infliximab and prednisone.

Infliximab is a chimeric anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha antibody that is efficacious in treating Crohn's disease. However, its immunomodulatory properties increase susceptibility to opportunistic infections. We present a case of cutaneous Nocardia infection in a patient who was taking infliximab for Crohn's disease. The case illustrates the challenges in the diagnosis and management of this disease and serves as a reminder of the complications associated with the use of immunomodulatory agents.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1975

Resistance to infection with Nocardia asteroides.

Mechanisms of host resistance to Nocardia asteroides were studied in mice. Two to six weeks after intraperitoneal or intravenous immunization with viable N. asteroides, mice were significantly resistant to intraperitoneal challenge with LD50-100 of N. asteroides in gastric mucin when compared with control (unimmunized) mice (P smaller than 0.03). Resistance could not be transferred to normal mice with serum (1.5 ml administered intraperitoneally) or spleen cells (10-8 cells administered intravenously) from immune donor mice. Peritoneal macrophages from mice immunized with N. asteroides were activated by an in vitro L-cell inhibition assay, and these mice were resistant to challenge with Listeria monocytogenes. Mice with infections caused by Toxoplasma gondii or L. monocytogenes--infections producing activated macrophages--were resistant to challenge with N. asteroides.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Nocardia farcinica brain abscess: a case report and review of the literature.

Nocardia infection is not rare as generally been assumed and its mortality rate is high. It is isolated from plants and soil in most regions of the world. The hosts usually have predisposing conditions and the infection is acquired through the respiratory tract or skin. Nocardial organisms have a tendency to disseminate hematogenously from the primary site of infection to brain, kidney, joints, bones and eyes. Sulfonamides are preferred empirically for the treatment. Because of high relapse rates, the treatment must be continued for 12 months. In nocardia farcinica infection, the characteristic resistance pattern to cephalosporines must be kept in mind. In this article, a rare case of nocardia farcinica infection with a solitary cerebral abscess is presented and the literature is reviewed.

Brain Abscess↗
PubMed1994

Endobronchial nocardiosis.

The presentation of a Nocardia infection is quite variable. We report a case of nocardiosis presenting as endobronchial obstruction with postobstructive pneumonia and atelectasis, in a patient with a low index of suspicion for bronchogenic carcinoma. Our report emphasizes the importance of considering the diagnosis of endobronchial nocardiosis in patients with endobronchial obstruction and a low index of suspicion for carcinoma, as well as those with a high index of suspicion, but with repeatedly negative biopsies.

Bronchial Diseases↗
PubMed2005

Nocardiosis in a teaching hospital in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey: treatment and outcome.

Predisposing factors, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, treatment and outcome were analysed for nine consecutive patients with nocardiosis. Predisposing factors were identified in six (67%) of the nine patients. Clinical syndromes of nocardial infection were pulmonary infection (three patients), cerebral infection (five patients) and disseminated infection (one patient). The predominant (60%) species was Nocardia farcinica rather than the Nocardia asteroides complex. Treatment was started empirically, modified according to the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and then continued for 6-12 months. Overall mortality was 33%, with death being caused by the Nocardia infection in two cases.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Pulmonary Nocardia otitidis-caviarum infection in a patient with Cushing's disease].

While Nocardial infections are being diagnosed with increasing frequency, infection with Nocardia otitidiscaviarum remains relatively uncommon. We report a case of pulmonary Nocardia otitidis-caviarum infection in a 35-year-old man with Cushing's disease. This work describes the first case of nocardiosis in Japan caused by Nocardia otitidis-caviarum in Cushing's disease. The patient was admitted to our department because of edema. A diagnosis of Cushing's disease was made on the basis of elevated serum levels of cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and pituitary adenoma was found in a cranial CT scan. One month after admission, chest radiographs showed a large bilateral mass on the lung fields. Nocardia otitidis-caviarum was isolated from the sputum. The patient responded poorly to intravenous PAPM/BP, but later improved after treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, but he died of heart failure and respiratory failure after the initiation of this therapy. This case demonstrated that nocardiosis must be considered in differential diagnosis as an opportunistic infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Determination of sensitivity and specificity of the Nocardia asteroides skin test for detection of bovine mammary infections caused by Nocardia asteroides and Nocardia caviae.

A total of 116 cows from 4 dairy herds in California were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of extracellular antigen of Nocardia astero des for possible detection of bovine mastitis caused by N asteroides and N caviae. Three different positive criteria were used. These criteria gave different sensitivity and specificity to the skin test. The highest sensitivity of 80% and highest specificity of 96.04% were obtained by combining 2 criteria. The study found no cross-reaction between N asteroides antigen and Mycobacterium fortuitum or N asteroides and tuberculin skin tests. There was cross-reaction between N asteroides antigen and N caviae infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Pulmonary infections in cardiac transplant patients: modes of diagnosis, complications, and effectiveness of therapy.

Eighteen serious pulmonary infections have been encountered in 10 of 16 surviving cardiac transplant recipients. Fourteen of 18 infections (78%) occurred within the first six months after transplant and the remaining 4 (22%) after the first six months (p less than 0.05). There was no correlation between the number of rejections per patient and propensity toward infection. Transtracheal aspiration or percutaneous lung aspiration established the diagnosis in all but two episodes. Percutaneous lung aspiration appeared more accurate as a diagnostic tool but was associated with 6 complications in 13 attempts (46%), while no complications occurred in 17 attempts with transtracheal aspiration (p less than 0.05). Five of the 10 patients had multiple episodes of pulmonary infection; 2 of these 5 (40%) had concurrent infections. Nocardia organisms were encountered most frequently, accounting for 7 of 18 (39%) infections; 6 of 10 patients (60%) were infected with Nocardia at some point after transplant. Nine of 10 patients (90%) were cured of infection. Eight are still alive without evidence of infection. We conclude from these data that pulmonary infection is common in transplant recipients, that early definitive diagnosis, in spite of the potential complications, is warranted, and that cure of infection and long-term survival are possible if treatment is timely and aggressive.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Infectious eccrine hidradenitis caused by Nocardia.

Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis is a nonspecific clinical reaction pattern classified as a neutrophilic dermatosis that typically occurs in the setting of chemotherapy for hematologic malignant disease. Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis more rarely has been reported in association with infectious agents, including Serratia, Enterobacter, Staphylococcus, and HIV. We describe the first case of infectious eccrine hidradenitis occurring in a patient with cutaneous Nocardia infection.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Primary cutaneous nocardiosis.

Seven patients with primary cutaneous nocardiosis were seen during a 20-month period. Six patients had a history of local trauma to an extremity or did frequent yard work. The spectrum of clinical disease included cellulitis, pustules,pyoderma, or lymphocutaneous syndrome mimicking sporotrichosis. Evidence of Nocardia infection elsewhere was absent, and no patient had a serious underlying disease. Nocardia brasiliensis was isolated from four cases, and N asteroides was identified in the other three patients. In two patients, disease resolved without chemotherapy, while a short course of a sulfonamide with or without trimethoprim therapy was successful in the remaining cases. The relatively benign nature of this disease, the usual failure to obtain cultures of superficial skin infections, and our accumulation of seven cases in less than two years suggest this disease is more common than previously recognized.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nocardia asteroides-infected aneurysm of the aorta: case report and review of the literature.

Infected aneurysms of the aorta were first described as a result of septic emboli or contiguous spread from bacterial endocarditis and are usually caused by Staphylococcus or Salmonella species. We report a case of Nocardia-associated infected aneurysm of the native suprarenal aorta in an immunocompromised host. Surgical management consisted of placement of an interposition cryopreserved aortic homograft. Nocardia asteroides was identified on a microbiology specimen of the aorta and both microbiology and pathology specimens of the splenic tissue. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first carefully documented, unique case of a Nocardia-infected aneurysm treated with homograft interposition. In addition, pathologic and microbiologic data are included from the postmortem examination 10 months later.

Aneurysm, Infected↗