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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources

PubMed2005

Uroflow nomogram for male adolescents.

PURPOSE: Uroflowmetry is well established for investigating lower urinary tract symptoms. Current nomograms are based on sample sizes limited to 8 men of the same age. We generated percentile curves for the maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) in relation to voided volume in male adolescents in a large homogenous healthy group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 348 males who were 18 years old were investigated, excluding probands with a urological history. Only samples with a voided volume of 150 cc or more were included. One micturition was obtained per proband to determine Qmax, the average urinary flow rate, time to Qmax and volume. Resulting curves were compared with nomograms for children and adults. RESULTS: Average voided volume +/- SD was 262 +/- 91.9 cc (range 151 to 664). Qmax was 28.4 +/- 9.7 cc per second (range 11.4 to 76) with an average urinary flow rate of 18.6 +/- 5.5 cc per second (range 4 to 44), a micturition time of 16.9 +/- 6.8 seconds (range 7 to 48) and a mean time to Qmax of 7.8 +/- 4.1 seconds (range 1 to 25). A total of 341 probands had a Qmax of more than 15 cc per second, while only 7 showed a Qmax of less than 15 cc per second. At up to 350 cc Qmax increased with volume, followed by a plateau phase at 350 to 550 cc and a Qmax decrease at higher volumes. CONCLUSIONS: Voiding volumes in a large homogenous adolescent group demonstrated optimal Qmax at voiding volumes between 350 and 550 cc with a decrease at higher volumes. Therefore, uroflow studies in adolescent males should be interpreted with caution at volumes less than 350 and more than 550 cc.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2007

Nomogram, corneal topography, and final prescription relations for corneal refractive therapy.

PURPOSE: To analyze the relationships between the first diagnostic lens and the lens finally prescribed for corneal refractive therapy with Paragon CRT and to correlate them with corneal topography, and refractive parameters. METHODS: The files of 86 patients who were successfully fitted with corneal refractive therapy using Paragon CRT were reviewed. Differences between diagnostic vs. finally prescribed lens parameters of base curve radius (BCR), return zone depth (RZD) and landing zone angle (LZA), as well as the number of lenses required to achieve the final fit were correlated with corneal topographic parameters and attempted refraction. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between CRT parameters for the first lens suggested by the nomograms and the lens finally prescribed (Wilcoxon signed ranks, p<0.05). On average, those changes did not achieve 1 full step difference (i.e., 0.10 mm for BCR and 25 microm for RZD). Only LZA achieved a full step change (1 degrees). According to our data, 92% of the fittings were achieved by changing only two parameters or less. The majority of changes required were within+/-1 step of the initially selected (96% for BCR, 99% for RZD, and 100% for LZA). Changes in lens parameters are related with some ocular parameters, but mainly with first lens parameters. RZD was the parameter requiring more changes. The amount of change in RZD was correlated with steep keratometry, BCR, and RZD of the first lens. CONCLUSIONS: Nomograms used for lens selection with Paragon CRT have a high first-fitting success with a relatively simple fitting procedure. Correlations between final lens parameters and ocular and initial lens parameters obtained in this study can assist clinicians to anticipate the level of difficulty in achieving optimal fitting with Paragon CRT sigmoid contact lens for corneal refractive therapy and the most frequent changes needed to achieve it.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

African-American race is a predictor of prostate cancer detection: incorporation into a pre-biopsy nomogram.

OBJECTIVES: To construct a pre-biopsy predictive model incorporating several clinical variables, including African-American (AA) or Caucasian race, to predict the risk of prostate cancer detection on prostate biopsy, as traditionally AA men have had a higher incidence of prostate cancer than Caucasian men, but previous predictive tools for prostate cancer have not incorporated the effect of race. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We evaluated 9473 patients undergoing initial prostate biopsy at three equal-access healthcare institutes from 1993 to 2003. At each biopsy session, patient age, race, serum prostate-specific antigen level (PSA), digital rectal examination (DRE) findings, number of biopsy cores taken, year of biopsy, and pathological findings were recorded. A logistic regression model was constructed to evaluate predictors of cancer detection based on pre-biopsy variables. The model was internally validated using the bootstrap statistical method, and a nomogram was constructed. RESULTS: Prostate cancer was diagnosed in 1895 (33%) AA men and 991 (26%) Caucasians. AA men had a significantly higher mean serum PSA level than Caucasians, at 13.0 and 8.5 ng/mL, respectively (P < 0.001). The mean ages were similar between AA and Caucasian men (P = 0.23), but Caucasian men had a higher incidence of an abnormal DRE (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, age, race, year of biopsy, PSA level, DRE, and number of cores taken were all statistically significant (P < 0.001). Hazard ratios were (controlling for year of biopsy); age (1.30), Caucasian race (0.74), PSA level (1.47), DRE (1.75), and number of cores taken (1.19). The predicted model had a boot-strapped concordance index of 0.75. CONCLUSION: AA race remains an independent predictor of prostate cancer detection in men undergoing initial prostate biopsy. This nomogram is the first to individualise the risk by AA or Caucasian race in a predictive model for counselling men on their probability of having cancer at the time of their first biopsy.

Black or African American↗

PubMed2006

Procalcitonin in preterm infants during the first few days of life: introducing an age related nomogram.

OBJECTIVE: To determine normal concentrations of procalcitonin in preterm infants shortly after birth and to assess its accuracy in detecting bacterial infection. METHODS: Blood samples of 100 preterm infants were prospectively drawn during the first 4 days of life for determination of procalcitonin concentration. Infants were classified into four groups according to their sepsis status. RESULTS: Mean (SD) gestational age and birth weight were 32 (2.9) weeks and 1682 (500) g respectively. A total of 283 procalcitonin concentrations from healthy infants were plotted to construct nomograms of physiologically raised procalcitonin concentration after birth, stratified by two groups to 24-30 and 31-36 weeks gestation. The peak 95th centile procalcitonin concentration was plotted at 28 hours of age; values return to normal after 4 days of life. Only 12 infants were infected, and 13 of their 16 procalcitonin concentrations after birth were higher than the 95th centile, whereas samples taken at birth were lower. In a multivariable analysis, gestational age, premature rupture of membrane, and sepsis status influenced procalcitonin concentration independently, but maternal infection status did not. CONCLUSIONS: The suggested neonatal nomograms of preterm infants are different from those of term infants. Procalcitonin concentrations exceeding the 95th centile may be helpful in detecting congenital infection, but not at birth.

Aging↗

PubMed2005

A nomogram for assessment of breathing patterns during treadmill exercise.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the breathing patterns of trained athletes under different conditions. The hypothesis is that the breathing pattern during a progressive treadmill exercise is independent of the protocol, at least in healthy people, and can be assessed using a nomogram. METHODS: A total of 43 male and 21 female athletes from different sports were studied. They performed one of two different protocols (steps or ramp) on a treadmill. The two protocols started at the same speed and had the same rate of increase in work. During the test, the expired air was analysed for CO2 and O2. Ventilation (VE) was continuously recorded, and tidal volume (Vt) and breathing frequency (BF) at the same intensity were analysed for both protocols, as well as Vt/T(i) and T(i)/T(tot). RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in Vt and BF between the two protocols in either the men or women at any level (confidence intervals up to 0.958 in all the groups). T(i)/T(tot) remained constant, and all increases in VE were strongly related to the respective increases in Vt/T(i). Plots of data for men and women showed a curvilinear relation between Vt and BF which could be fitted with an exponential function with a strong correlation (R2 = 0.98 for men and 0.97 for women). CONCLUSIONS: Graphic expression of Vt v BF is a useful nomogram for the routine assessment of ventilatory response during exercise in healthy trained subjects.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Nomograms for the sonographic measurement of the fetal philtrum and chin.

OBJECTIVE: To generate nomograms for the sonographic measurement of the fetal philtrum and chin during pregnancy. DESIGN: A prospective, cross-sectional study in normal singleton pregnancies. SUBJECTS: One hundred and fifty-three fetuses between 13 and 42 weeks of gestation were studied. METHODS: The philtrum was measured from the base of the columella to the upper lip. The chin was measured from the tip of the lower lip to the skin under the lower tip of the mandible. Predictive models were evaluated to generate graphic description of the 5th, 50th and 95th centiles for the fetal philtrum and chin. RESULTS: Fetal philtrum length increased with gestational age. The regression equation for the philtrum length (y) according to gestational age in weeks (x) is best predicted by the S-curve (Gompertz) model, as described by the following equation: y = exp(a + b/x), where a = 2.778577, and b = -23.476723 (R(2) = 85.3%, p < 0.0001). The fetal chin length increased with gestational age. The regression equation for the mean chin length (y) according to gestational age in weeks (x) is best predicted by the S-curve model as described in the following equation. y = exp(a + b/x), where a = 3.7922, b = -28.043, (R(2) = 89.0%, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The nomograms generated in this study for the fetal philtrum and chin during pregnancy can be used in confirming subjective impression of facial dysmorphism.

Chin↗

PubMed2004

Nomogram to diagnose familial combined hyperlipidemia on the basis of results of a 5-year follow-up study.

BACKGROUND: Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH) is traditionally diagnosed by total plasma cholesterol and/or triglyceride levels above the 90th percentile adjusted for age and gender. In a recent study, we showed that the diagnosis of FCH on the basis of these diagnostic criteria was inconsistent in 26% of the subjects over a 5-year period. This result emphasizes the need for reevaluation of the diagnostic criteria for FCH. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 32 families (299 subjects) were studied in 1994 and 1999. A subject was defined "truly" FCH when diagnosed FCH in 1994 and/or 1999 on the basis of traditional plasma lipid criteria. Additional lipid and lipoprotein parameters, including apolipoprotein B (apoB) and small, dense LDL, were measured at both time points. In total, 121 subjects (40%) were defined as truly FCH. Multivariate analysis revealed that absolute apoB values combined with triglyceride and total cholesterol levels adjusted for age and gender best predicted truly FCH. A nomogram including these parameters is provided to simply and accurately calculate the probability to be affected by FCH. Furthermore, it is shown that when percentiles of triglyceride and total cholesterol adjusted for age and gender are not available in a population, the definition of FCH can be established on the basis of hypertriglyceridemia (>1.5 mmol/L) and hyper-apoB (>1200 mg/L). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of FCH is best predicted by absolute apoB levels combined with triglyceride and total cholesterol levels adjusted for age and gender and can accurately be calculated by a nomogram. This definition is also a good predictor of cardiovascular risk in FCH.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Uroflowmetry nomogram in Iranian children aged 7 to 14 years.

BACKGROUND: As the voiding habits of Iranian children differs from other children because of some cultural and religious considerations, we aimed to establish normal reference values of urinary flow rates in Iranian children between 7 to 14 years of age. METHODS: Eight hundred and two uroflowmetry studies were performed on children with no history of a renal, urological, psychological or neurological disorder, between the ages 7 and 14. Five hundred twenty five studies from 192 girls and 335 boys were considered in this study excluding the staccato/interrupted voiding pattern or voided volume less than 20 ml. The voiding volume, the maximum and average urinary flow rates were extensively analyzed. RESULTS: The maximal and average urine flow rate nomograms were plotted for both girls and boys. Mean maximum urine flow rate was 19.9 (ml/sec) for boys and 23.5 (ml/sec) for girls with a mean voided volume of 142 (ml) for boys and 147 (ml) for girls. Flow rates showed a close association with voiding volume in both sexes. The maximum and average flow rates were higher in girls than in boys, and they showed a significant increase in flow rates with increasing age, where boys did not. The mean maximum urine flow rates (19.9 ml/sec for boys and 23.5 ml/sec for girls) were found to be higher in this study than other studies. CONCLUSION: Nomograms of maximal and average flow rates of girls and boys are presented in centile form, which can help the physician to evaluate the response to medical or surgical treatment and be useful for the screening of lower urinary tract disturbances in children, for a wide range of voided volumes.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2026

Screening of molecular biomarkers ASPN and LBH and construction of a prediction nomogram for the progression of esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma (EGJA) is an aggressive malignancy of the digestive system with poor prognosis. Early diagnosis and accurate prediction of tumor progression remain major clinical challenges. This study aimed to identify and validate molecular biomarkers and construct a precise diagnostic model, providing a scientific basis for individualized treatment. METHODS: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with EGJA were identified using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was then performed for further screening. The protein expression levels of ASPN and LBH were validated by immunohistochemistry in both tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues. A nomogram was constructed by integrating clinical and pathological features, and its performance and clinical utility were assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the protein expression of ASPN was significantly upregulated in tumor tissues, with expression levels increasing with tumor stage. Conversely, LBH was downregulated in tumor tissues and decreased with advancing stages. The predictive model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.977, indicating excellent diagnostic and prognostic performance. DCA confirmed the clinical net benefit of the model. CONCLUSIONS: ASPN and LBH are critical molecular biomarkers for EGJA. The nomogram combining these two markers enables accurate distinction between early and advanced-stage tumors, offering significant support for early diagnosis of EGJA.

ASPN↗

PubMed2005

[Nomogram for ocular hypertension progression risk based on the ocular hypertension treatment study].

INTRODUCTION: A practical nomogram has been designed in order to present the results obtained from the Ocular Hypertension Study (Gordon et al. Arch Ophthalmol 2002; 120: 714-720), where the relation between intraocular pressure (IOP) and corneal thickness becomes apparent, involving the risk of evolution from ocular hypertension into glaucoma within a 6 year period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used a multiple logarithmic regression for the nine parameters shown in figure 1 of the above mentioned paper. RESULTS: A correlation coefficient of 0.91 (p<0.001) permits to establish the following equation: Probability of evolution (%) = 13539.5 x (1.1385IOP) x (0.9818(CORNEAL THICKNESS)). This implies that a variation of 10 microns on corneal thickness leads to an IOP's modification of 1.5 mmHg in the same sense. From these data, we designed the nomogram included in this paper. CONCLUSIONS: IOP and pachymetry together allow an estimation of the risk of evolution from ocular hypertension into glaucoma in a graphical practical way. From this indirect estimation, the influence of corneal thickness on IOP's measure seems to be much higher than previously estimated.

Disease Progression↗

PubMed2006

A nomogram of fetal lung volumes estimated by 3-dimensional ultrasonography using the rotational technique (virtual organ computer-aided analysis).

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to build a nomogram of normal fetal lung volumes throughout gestational age estimated by 3-dimensional ultrasonography using the rotational technique (Virtual Organ Computer-Aided Analysis [VOCAL]; GE Healthcare, Kretztechnik, Zipf, Austria). METHODS: Fetal lung volume was assessed in 146 healthy fetuses by 3-dimensional ultrasonography using the technique of rotation of the multiplanar imaging (VOCAL). Inclusion criteria were healthy women with singleton normal pregnancies, normal fetal morphologic ultrasonographic findings, reliable dating established by dates and by ultrasonographic measurement of the crown-lump length in the first trimester, and gestational age from 20 to 37 weeks. Exclusion criteria were discordance between clinical and ultrasonographic dating, patients lost to follow-up, and birth weight disorders. Each patient was scanned once during pregnancy. RESULTS: The right, left, and total mean pulmonary volumes ranged, respectively, from 5.37, 4.66, and 9.95 cm3 at 20 weeks to 46.06, 37.34, and 84.35 cm3 at 37 weeks. The logistic transformation analysis yielded the following formulas: right lung volume = exp(4.07/[1 + exp(21.90 - gestational age/5.44)]); left lung volume = exp(3.82/(1 + exp[22.03 - gestational age/5.17)]); and, total lung volume = exp(4.72/[1 + exp(20.30 - gestational age/6.05)]). CONCLUSIONS: A new nomogram of fetal lung (right, left, and total) volumes throughout gestational age using the rotational technique (VOCAL) is described, and reference values have been generated.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗

PubMed2004

Use and limitations of a nomogram predicting the likelihood of non-sentinel node involvement after a positive sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer patients.

After a positive sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy, some patients may be considered to have a very low risk of non-SLN involvement and could be candidates for axillary sparing. The aim of this study was to validate the nomogram created at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) for the prediction of non-SLN involvement in an independent set of 140 patients with both positive SLNs and axillary dissection. The predicted proportions of positive non-SLNs were compared with the observed percentages of non-SLN metastasis. Although the SLN metastasis size and tumor size did influence the risk of non-SLN involvement, the correlation between the predicted and observed proportions was weaker for our patients (R: 0.84) than for the patients assessed at the MSKCC (R: 0.97). Differences were noted in the intraoperative assessment and in the final histology of the SLNs (imprints vs frozen sections and more detailed vs less detailed, respectively), and these could partly explain the lower level of the correlation. The nomogram could not be validated and was found to be of only limited use for the prediction of non-SLN involvement in patients operated on under similar, though not fully identical conditions. We therefore warn against the unvalidated use of this prediction tool.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed2004

Light-adjustable lens: development of in vitro nomograms.

PURPOSE: To determine whether digital spatial intensity patterns can be developed to effect precise in vitro correction of myopic, hyperopic, and astigmatic refractive errors in a silicone light-adjustable lens (LAL). Also, to determine whether a new spatial intensity pattern for "lock-in" is effective in vitro. METHODS: A digital interferometer/irradiation system was developed to irradiate LALs and measure the power change following irradiation. Light-adjustable lenses were mounted into a wet cell maintained at 35.0 +/- 0.5 degrees C (simulated ocular temperature) and allowed to equilibrate for a minimum of 2 hours. Ultraviolet light was then applied with spatial light intensity patterns to correct hyperopia, myopia, and astigmatism. Light-adjustable lenses were also treated to effect lock-in with a separate spatial light intensity pattern. Treated lenses were characterized for power change and optical quality. In the case of lock-in, exhaustive chemical extraction was also performed to determine the percentage of remaining macromer. RESULTS: Appropriate digital irradiation spatial intensity patterns were created to develop nomograms for in vitro correction of myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism in approximate 0.25 D steps. Power changes were reproducible and did not alter optical quality of the LALs. Further, lock-in dosing of the LALs did not alter optical quality or significantly change LAL power. CONCLUSIONS: In vitro nomograms have been developed for a silicone LAL that permit precise correction of myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. Furthermore, a spatial light intensity pattern has been devised that effects lock-in without significantly altering LAL power or optical quality.

Astigmatism↗

PubMed2002

Prevention of complicated ulcer disease among chronic users of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: the use of a nomogram in cost-effectiveness analysis.

BACKGROUND: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are associated with an increased risk of clinical upper gastrointestinal tract (UGI) events, namely, symptomatic ulcer, perforation, bleeding, and obstruction. Our objective in this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of several strategies aimed at reducing the risk of clinical UGI events in NSAID users. METHODS: A decision tree model was used for patients requiring long-term treatment with NSAIDs to compare conventional NSAID therapy alone with 7 other treatment strategies to reduce the risk of NSAID-related clinical UGI events (cotherapy with proton-pump inhibitor, cotherapy with misoprostol, cyclooxygenase [COX]-2-selective NSAID therapy, or Helicobacter pylori treatment followed by each of the previous strategies, including conventional NSAID treatment, respectively). The outcome measure is the incremental cost per clinical UGI event prevented compared with conventional NSAID treatment over 1 year. RESULTS: The use of a COX-2-selective NSAID and cotherapy with proton-pump inhibitors were the 2 most cost-effective strategies. However, the incremental cost associated with these strategies was high (>$35 000) in persons with a low risk of clinical UGI event with conventional NSAIDs (eg, 2.5% per year). If the baseline risk of clinical UGI events is moderately high (eg, 6.5%), using a COX-2-selective NSAID becomes the most effective and least costly (dominant) treatment strategy, followed closely by cotherapy with a daily proton-pump inhibitor. Because small changes in costs or assumed efficacy of these drugs could change the conclusions, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios between any 2 strategies were presented in a nomogram that allows the flexible use of a wide range of values for costs and rates of clinical UGI events. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of clinical UGI events in NSAID users depends on their baseline risk, the added risk associated with the individual NSAID, and the protection conferred by cotherapy. A nomogram can be used to incorporate these factors and derive estimates regarding cost-effectiveness of competing strategies aimed at reducing the risk of clinical UGI events.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗

PubMed1989

Evaluation of factor VIII pharmacokinetics in hemophilia-A subjects undergoing surgery and description of a nomogram for dosing calculations.

The pharmacokinetics of factor VIII were studied in a series of 20 hemophilia-A patients undergoing surgery. Regardless of the type of operation, elimination of factor VIII was shown to be increased only in ten cases (50%) during the post-operative period. In this subgroup of patients, factor VIII half-life, measured immediately after surgery, was considerably shorter (mean = 9.6 hr, n = 10) than that determined in the same individual during the late operative period (mean = 17.8 hr, n = 10). These findings indicate that identification of patients with increased postoperative consumption of factor VIII can be of value in reducing the risk of hemorrhage in these subjects and in exposing other subjects with no postoperative increase in factor VIII clearance to less of the deficient factor. Data from 20 subjects were analyzed to construct a nomogram allowing individualized prediction of factor VIII dosing requirements. The nomogram, which is based on the "single point after a single dose" method, uses a value of factor VIII concentration measured at 10 hr after preoperative loading dose to predict the regimen producing the desired average steady-state concentration of factor VIII (30, 60, or 90 units/dl).

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Use of rectal temperature-time of death nomograms at the scene of death].

The application of the rectal temperature time of death nomogram at the scene of death by 11 authors from 6 lego-medical institutes resulted in a standard deviation of the differences between nomographic and real death time of +/- 1.3 h in 46 cases (group I) with met requirements and clearly defined points of contact, nevertheless, including 9 cases with a more progressive cooling (0.5 greater than Q greater than or equal to 0.2). In cases with a real death time of more than 4h (N = 26) the standard deviation was +/- 1.0 hours corresponding to permissible variation of 95% of +/- 2.0 hours. Consequently, the permissible variation of 95% was much smaller than that suggested by the nomogram. The nomographic death time interval did not agree with the real one in 5 cases out of additional 30 cases with recognizably unsure points of contact (group II).

Body Temperature Regulation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[A slide ruler and nomogram for calculations in cumulation kinetics of cardiac glycosides (author's transl)].

UNLABELLED: 1. Substance I, whose elimination we can approximate with an exponential function, is active in the organism. 2. At a given moment substance II with the same onset of action whose elimination we also can approximate with an exponential function but different from substance I, starts to be added at regular intervals. 3. The relative levels of the two substances can be added up. 4. The optimal dose-scheme for the most regular effect is to be sought. RESULTS: According to the relations derived in repost (5) published previously a slide ruler and a nomogram are constructed by the authors for that purpose. The scales are described as well as how to work with them. Some examples are included. The slide ruler and the nomogram are suitable for some further calcaulations in cumulation kinetics, which is briefly mentioned. These expedients are mainly meant for the application of cardiac glycosides. The same principle can be used in all cases to which the assumptions mentioned above apply.

Cardiac Glycosides↗

PubMed2001

Preventing urethral obstruction using the 6-point fixation and weight-adjusted spacing nomogram during sling surgery.

The aim of the study was to assess the outcome of a 6-point fixation technique and weight-adjusted spacing nomogram for performing sling surgery. Fifty women with stress incontinence underwent implantation of a Gore-tex patch sling. Sling tension was gauged based on the patient's body weight. Postoperative analysis was performed using cough stress tests, Q-tip tests, pelvic examinations and patient satisfaction questionnaires. Urodynamics were performed for women with persistent incontinence. Mean follow-up was 24 months (range 7-28). Mean age was 58 years (range 29-87). Stress incontinence was cured in 47/50 patients (94.0%). De novo urge incontinence occurred in 1/23 (4.3%) patients. Mean time to suprapubic tube removal was 7 days (range 1-21). No patients experienced urinary retention or urethral obstruction. Mean satisfaction score was 9/10 (range 7-10) and all patients said they would undergo surgery again. The combination of a 6-point fixation technique and a weight-adjusted spacing nomogram allows for a successful sling outcome without obstruction.

Adult↗