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Results for “OCCUPATIONAL DERMATITIS”

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PubMed1978

[Occupational dermatitis due to a yellow quinophthalone dye (solvent yellow 33: C.I. 47 000)].

An occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by a yellow quinophthalone dye which is used for colored smokes in detonators was the reason for further studies of this case of allergy. Solvent Yellow 33 (German: Rauchgelb) belongs to the groups of quinaldine dyes which are produced by condensing quinaldine and phthalic anhydride. The dye itself is a mixture of 67% unsubstituted quinophthalone and 33% 6-methylquinophthalone (Colour Index 47 000). Quinophthalone derivatives are widespread in technology and industry and are used as yellow dyes in food (pudding), plastics (PVC), textile goods (nylon) and cosmetics (lipsticks, make-up). Cases of contact sensitization due to quinophthalone dyes are seldom recognized. Sensitizing experiments in guinea pigs were unsuccessful. Therefore Solvent Yellow 33 must be considered a weak sensitizer.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Occupational dermatitis among hairdressers. A multifactor analysis.

Dermatitis among hairdressers has been recognized as a significant occupational health problem but the occurrence, contributing factors, and control measures have not been comprehensively studied or reported. Consequently, an epidemiologic field study of dermatitis among hairdressers and its relationship to medical history of allergy, frequency of specific product use, sex, and number of years in hairdressing was conducted in the winter of 1982 in four southern New Jersey counties. Work practices and procedures were observed and chemical inventories taken during on-site visits to the participants' beauty salons. The data collected were complied and analyzed using a computerized log-linear statistical procedure. The association between the occurrence of dermatitis and a medically confirmed history of allergy is highly significant (p less than .001) and decreases with increasing numbers of years in hairdressing, indicating perhaps that highly susceptible individuals leave their jobs. There was no significant relationship between dermatitis and the levels of frequency of product use. Means of controlling and preventing occupational dermatitis among hairdressers are discussed. Because of the complexity and diversity of the chemical products used, further research is needed to explore the specific etiological factors of hairdresser's dermatitis.

Dermatitis, Occupational↗
PubMed1979

Occupational dermatitis among health service workers.

Health service workers in the number of 152 suffering of dermatitis were examined. They included 43 physicians, 25 stomatologists, 59 nurses, 14 hospital-wards and 12 other persons working in hospitals, clinics and pharmacies. In physicians occupational contact dermatitis occured in ten patients, exclusively among those performing operations, most frequently surgeons and ginecologists. Rubber gloves (5 patients) disinfectants and chromic catgut were the sensitizing objects. Moreover, a woman gynecologist positive to nickel observed that also the use of a speculum exacerbated her lesions. A laryngologist with seborrhoic dermatitis, strongly positive to formaldehyde, had exacerbations when using--during surgery--a microscope disinfected with formalin solution. Allergic occupational contact dermatitis was diagnosed in 12 stomatologists; they were positive to eugenol, mercury, novocaine or formaldehyde. Among 24 nurses with allergic occupational contact dermatitis, those positive to antibiotics (specially to semisynthetic penicillins) or to disinfectants (most of them to formaldehyde) were most numerous. Some nurses were sensitive to such drugs as Propranolol, Aminophyllinum or chlorpromazine hydrochloride. To the latter drug also a ward attendant was positive.

Dermatitis, Contact↗
PubMed2004

Occupational dermatitis in a milk industry worker due to Kathon CG.

The allergenic properties of the preservative Kathon CG have been well known since 1980. Kathon CG is regularly used in many industrial processes because of its germicidal powers. The most common sources of exposure for people are cosmetics and toiletries. Occupational contact dermatitis is unusual among milk industry workers because of the high level of factory automation.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The prevalence of occupational dermatitis in the UK printing industry.

AIMS: To quantify occupational ill health resulting from dermatitis in the UK printing industry and to explore links with particular processes and activities. METHODS: Approximately 2600 members of the Graphical, Paper and Media Union living in Nottinghamshire were sent a self completion questionnaire. A sample of respondents, both those who reported current skin problems and those who did not, were invited for a short dermatological examination. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 62%. A total of 1189 respondents were directly involved in the printing industry and categorised according to work in pre-press (25%), printing (46%), or finishing (42%) processes. A total of 490 respondents (41%) self reported having a skin complaint at some time. Prevalence was highest in males (43%) and those working in printing (49%), in particular those who cleaned rollers and cylinders or who came into contact with substances containing isocyanates on a daily basis. The most commonly affected areas reported were the fingers and webs between the fingers. Twenty six per cent of the 490 reported a current problem on the hand. Reported symptoms included itching (61%), rash (58%), and dry skin (56%). Although certain printing industry substances were thought by respondents to aggravate their condition, constant washing and friction was most often cited. Reported use of protective equipment and cleansing products was generally high, particularly by printers. Clinical examination confirmed the high self reported prevalence and also identified a substantial proportion of mild cases which were not reported. The overall prevalence of occupationally related skin complaints is estimated to be 40%. CONCLUSIONS: A much higher prevalence of dermatitis has been identified than from routine surveillance schemes. The use of good quality records from unions with high membership facilitated access to workers across a range of company sites and printing processes. Validation of self reported symptoms through clinical examination was shown to be essential. The importance of non-chemical causes of dermatitis was highlighted. The findings point towards the need for the development of effective and acceptable risk reduction strategies, in particular to reduce water contact and friction.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Occupational dermatitis associated with straw itch mites (Pyemotes ventricosus).

A 1981 outbreak of dermatitis in Austin, Tex, was traced to occupational exposure to wheat infested with the straw itch mite, Pyemotes ventricosus; the wheat was being sold for decorative purposes by an imported-goods store located on the second floor of a large, modern, shopping mall complex. In addition to an extensive varicelliform skin eruption, one employee also had chills, fever, malaise, diarrhea, and anorexia associated with her exposure to these mites. The straw itch mite has been associated with several large epidemics of dermatitis during the 19th and 20th centuries. This outbreak is the third reported in Texas since 1961. Physicians should consider the possibility of straw itch mite infestations of products brought into the home or places of employment when they observe patients with a varicelliform or chigger-bite-like dermatitis, which may be accompanied by constitutional symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Occupational dermatitis from soldering flux among workers in the electronics industry.

Although numerous occupational irritants and allergens have been known to cause contact dermatitis in the electronics industry, soldering flux is seldom mentioned. Soldering flux used in the electronics industry can cause both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. Irritant dermatitis is commoner than allergic contact dermatitis. Aminoethylethanolamine, a constituent of some fluxes, is a sensitizer. Dermatitis tends to start over the periungual area and spread to the finger shafts and sometimes the wrists. The use of cotton gloves by workers appeared to aggravate the problem. Prophylactic measures are essential to prevent occupational contact dermatitis in workers handling flux in the electronics industry.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Occupational dermatitis in a 10-year material.

This study included 1,752 patients considered to have occupational dermatoses. The most common diagnosis was contact dermatitis. The dermatitis was of an allergic type in three-quarters of men and in half of women. One-fifth of the women with irritant contact dermatitis had an atopic history. Contact dermatitis was localized on the hands in 94% of women and in 84% of men. The most common allergens in men were chromium, rubber and plastic, and in women nickel, rubber and chromium. Chromium allergy occurred in four-fifths of the men in the building, metal and tanning industries. In one-fifth of the women, nickel allergy developed in cleaning work. Rubber allergy developed in the rubber industry in one-fifth of the cases. Half of the women with contact dermatitis were engaged in either nursing or cleaning work. A follow-up 2-3 years after treatment of 555 patients with contact dermatitis was completed by means of questionnaires. The eczema was healed in one-quarter of the patients, one-half had periodic symptoms, and one-quarter had permanent symptoms. The prognosis was the same for those who changed their work or stopped working as it was for those who continued their eczema-inducing work.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Occupational dermatitis in food handlers and bakers.

Of 1346 patients with suspected contact dermatitis examined in Toronto, 10 bakers and 10 food handlers were found to have occupational contact dermatitis. Although not dissimilar in age, years in the trade, or length of illness, men were significantly overrepresented in the population of bakers (100% vs 40%, p less than 0.05). One baker had occupational asthma related to rye flour. Compared with the bakers, significantly more of the food handlers had allergic contact dermatitis (70% vs 20%, p less than 0.05). In addition to food components, cinnamates and rubber were found to be causes of allergic response. One food handler had contact urticaria caused by shellfish. The standard screening tests, combined with the use of contactants specific to occupational history, yielded a definitive determination of the existence of a contact allergy in our subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Occupational dermatitis in Danish gardeners and greenhouse workers (III). Compositae-related symptoms.

The clinical part of the study aimed at describing epidemiological and diagnostic aspects of occupational Compositae dermatitis. Patch testing with the sesquiterpene lactone (SL) and Compositae mixes, feverfew extract and supplementary allergens in 250 selected gardeners showed Compositae allergy in 25, 17 females and 8 males. 24 were possibly occupationally sensitized. The mean age was lower and the preponderance of women higher compared to classical Compositae dermatitis, and the distribution and course of the dermatitis most often did not differ from other occupational plant dermatoses. The Compositae mix detected 2x as many as the SL mix, and the overall detection rate with both was 76%, making aimed patch testing necessary. Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema), marguerite daisy (Argyranthemum frutescens) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were frequent sensitizers. Occupational type I allergy to Compositae comprised sensitization to Gerbera, chrysanthemum, lettuce, Senecio cruentus and Aster. Among 1657 respondents in the questionnaire part of the study, 824 had worked with Compositae, and 160 (19%) reported occupational Compositae-related symptoms of skin and mucous membranes. Possible risk factors for the development of these were assessed in a stepwise logistic regression model and a history of childhood eczema, hay fever and duration of exposure were significantly associated with Compositae-related irritant and allergic symptoms in both sexes.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Effectiveness of skin protection creams as a preventive measure in occupational dermatitis: a critical update according to criteria of evidence-based medicine.

OBJECTIVES: This study attempts to assess the evidence of the generally recommended three-step programme of skin protection in the prevention of occupational skin disease. METHODS: The following clinical questions, representative of critical appraisal of this preventive measurement, were generated: (1) Can a skincare regimen effectively reduce or eliminate work-related poor skin conditions? (2) Do protective creams prevent harmful substances from penetrating and adhering to the skin? (3) Is the differentiation between pre-exposure and post-exposure products justified by reliable data? Answers were generated according to the method used in evidence-based medicine by searching the literature, critically appraising the results and applying the results to the clinical questions. For our search we decided to use PubMed as the most convenient access to Medline and because, in contrast to other databases, this access is available free of charge. RESULTS: To investigate the efficacy of barrier creams as pre-exposure skin protectors various in vitro and in vivo test methods have been developed. Over the past years the test techniques have been improved in order to adopt a real workplace situation. Efforts for standardisation of evaluation criteria have been made, too. Nevertheless, there is a lack of placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trials evaluating the benefit of these products in the prevention of occupational contact dermatitis under real workplace conditions. The literature data are conflicting; some publications report on the positive aspects of skin protection, whereas others stress the negative ones. CONCLUSION: Not enough data have been accumulated for one to prove the benefit of skin protection measures under real workplace condition. Up to now, it is almost unclear if the various in vitro and in vivo methods used are suitable to simulate real workplace conditions and if these test results can be related to real occupational exposure. For the evidence-based recommendation of skin protection, further studies, especially under daily working conditions evaluating the contribution of each single element of skincare programme (products, frequency of application and education programme) are needed.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1993

Occupational dermatitis from isothiazolinones in the nylon production.

Kathon is a biocide consisting of a mixture of two isothiazolinone derivatives (5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one) in an approximate ratio of 3:1, respectively, and with MgCl2 and Mg(NO3)2 present as stabilizers. The isothiazolinones are marketed under several brand names, and the concentration of the active ingredient varies according to their intended application. At a concentration of 3-15 ppm it shows activity against a wide spectrum of fungi, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Contact allergy to it has been caused by cosmetics and also by products used in the pottery and various other industries. Recently we had the opportunity to observe 6 cases of occupational allergic contact dermatitis from an isothiazolinone mixture named Grotan TK 2 in a large textile industry producing nylon. An oil emulsion containing isothiazolinones is used in the spinning phase of the work cycle to prevent bacterial contamination that would damage yarn quality; furthermore, it helps to decrease the electrostatic charge that is produced by high speed at which the yarn moves and also to decrease the breakage possibility.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1993

[Delayed allergy against rubber gloves. An occupational dermatitis among health personnel].

Allergic reactions to rubber gloves, an increasing problem in medical health services, have become an prominent topic in occupational dermatology. A broad spectrum of immunological mechanisms are involved, from antibody-induced immediate reactions to delayed cell-mediated reactions. We review the causes of the reactions and discuss diagnostic procedures. The main allergens are rubber additives, such as accelerators and antioxidants. In this connection it is important to develop and produce gloves using other basic materials and ingredients, and thereby avoid the most frequent allergens.

Dermatitis, Occupational↗
PubMed2001

Occupational dermatitis in dental personnel: contact dermatitis with special reference to (meth)acrylates in 174 patients.

Between 1995 and 1998, 174 dental personnel were referred as patients to the Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Stockholm. After clinical examination, 131 were patch tested with the Swedish standard series and 109 with a dental screening series. Furthermore, 137 were tested for IgE-mediated allergy to natural rubber latex (NRL). Hand eczema was diagnosed in 109/174 (63%), 73 (67%) being classified as irritant contact dermatitis and 36 (33%) as allergic. Further diagnoses included other eczemas, urticaria, rosacea, psoriasis, tinea pedis, bullous pemphigoid or no skin disease. 77/131 (59%) had positive reactions to substances in the standard series and 44/109 (40%) to substances exclusive to the dental series. 24/109 (22%) patients had positive reactions to (meth)acrylates, the majority with reactions to several test preparations. Reactions to HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), EGDMA (ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) and MMA (methyl methacrylate) were most frequent. 9 of the 24 were positive only to (meth)acrylates, the remaining 15 also had reactions to allergens in the standard series. 23 of these had hand eczema and 1 facial eczema. In 17 of the 24 allergic to (meth)acrylates, the dermatitis had started in 1995 or later, in 15 within the previous 12 months. Of 8 who had been sick-listed, 7 also had a history of atopy and 6 were allergic to nickel. The most frequent allergens besides (meth)acrylates were nickel, cobalt, palladium, fragrance mix, colophonium and thiuram mix. Allergy to natural rubber latex was diagnosed in 14/137 (10%). In conclusion, irritant hand dermatitis was the dominant diagnosis. Contact allergy to (meth)acrylate was seen in 22% of the patch tested patients, with reactions to 3 predominant test substances. 1/3 of the patients with allergy to (meth)acrylates had been sick-listed for dermatitis, but in all these cases the (meth)acrylate allergy was seen together with atopy and/or further contact allergies.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Occupational dermatitis in workers of the building materials' factory].

159 workers of the Building Units Factory have been subject to dermatological examinations. The oil acne was the most common occupational dermatosis found. About 76% (61%--92%) of workers developed this type of dermatosis. The prevalence of acne was found to be associated with the workplace exposing the workers to antiadhesic oil--separbet. This high rate of dermatoses resulted from considerable acnogenic properties of oil, lack of prophylaxis and unsatisfactory sanitary conditions in the factory. for 3 workers afflicted with contact eczema tests with the standard set and separbet were prepared. In two cases (1.2%) positive reactions to potassium bichromate proved occupational origin of eczema. 26 persons (16.3%) developed interdigital mycosis of feet, 8 (5%)--onychomycosis. Other dermatoses occurred in single cases.

Acne Vulgaris↗