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PubMedDate not supplied

[Rumen bacterial metabolism as affected by extracellular redox potential].

The redox potential (Eh) in the digestive tract of ruminants varies mostly within the ranges from -300 to +200 mV, in the rumen medium: from -130 to -200 mV. Eh and pH changes are of a linear character. Enhanced fermentation moves Eh towards negative values and improves growth of microorganisms. Eh values become even more negative as affected by Na2S, NaOH, cysteine and NaHSO3. Addition of picrate, sodium nitrate, hydrochloric acid, copper sulphate, gaseous oxygen and particularly heavy metals (silver and mercury) promotes positive Eh values and inhibits metabolism. Optimum Eh values for Megasphaera elsdenii are more negative, than those for Streptococcus bovis. In the process of S. bovis growth, the production of lactate, VFA, CH2O2 and NH3 increases, Eh and pH values decrease. More positive Eh values inhibit metabolism and growth rates of Selenomonas ruminantium, Bacteroides amylophilus, Bacteroides succinogenes and Streptococcus bovis to different degrees.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Determination of "true" serum creatinine by high-performance liquid chromatography combined with a continuous-flow microanalyzer.

We coupled a high-performance liquid chromatograph with a continuous-flow microanalyzer to produce a system for specifically determinig "true" creatinine in urine and serum specimens. A selective microbore pellicular cation-exchange column and a single eluting sodium citrate buffer are used to separate the noncreatinine but Jaffé-positive constituents from the creatinine in normal and experimental specimens. The effluent is analyzed continuously, on-line, the alkaline picrate complex being developed and measured in the microanalyzer. Physiological samples, reference standards, and internal control specimens are assayed in 6-min intervals subsequent to the initial injection. The relationship between concentration and peak are is linear for creatinine standards between 5 and 10 mg/liter. Specimen volumes ranging from 1 to 25 microliters, and containing creatinine in amounts exceeding 5 ng per injected sample, can be assayed with this system.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗

PubMed1996

The measurement of fingernail creatinine in the differentiation of acute from chronic renal failure.

It is often difficult to distinguish acute renal failure clinically from chronic renal failure, especially in patients who do not have records of their medical history. Since fingernail creatinine (Ncr) reflects serum creatinine at the time of nail formation, it has been suggested that the level of Ncr at the distal tip of the fingernail might represent the level of the serum creatinine about four months previously. In this study, clipped fingernail specimens from 60 normal individuals, 35 patients with chronic renal failure and 33 patients with renal insufficiency with rapid onset were analyzed for creatinine by a modified alkaline picrate method. The results showed that the Ncr level of the renal insufficiency with rapid onset group (69 + or - 12.39 mu mol/100 g nail) was similar to that in the normal group (62 + or - 10 mu mol/100 g nail) and significantly lower than that in the chronic renal failure group (130 + or - 35 mu mol/100 g nail, p <0.01). The correlation between Ncr and the serum creatinine level obtained four months previously was highly significant (r = 0.895, p <0.01). This study confirms that the Ncr measurement is of clinical value in differentiating acute from chronic renal failure.

Acute Kidney Injury↗

PubMed1996

Bilirubin and metamizol do not interfere with the randox enzymatic creatinine test. An evaluation of a new enzymatic creatinine determination method.

We evaluated the new commercially available enzymatic test kit for creatinine (Randox Laboratories Ltd. Ardmore, Crumlin, UK). The test correlated well with the reference HPLC method (yenz = 0.98x + 1.4; r = 1.00; n = 72). The correlations with the Jaffe method (yenz = 1.00x + 14.1; r = 0.99; n = 72) and the dry slide technique (yenz = 1.07x + 4.1; r = 1.00; n = 72) were also good, but these techniques gave slightly higher creatinine results than the HPLC or the Randox enzymatic method. This new test is insensitive to bilirubin interference. It has been reported that patients receiving metamizol showed unusually low values of creatinine, when determined enzymatically, but this drug does not interfere with the Randox method. The test evaluated is more specific than enzymatic methods published earlier and it provides an attractive alternative to the traditional picrate test.

Bilirubin↗

PubMed1996

[Case report: tyrosine deposits].

Whitish precipitations in three samples of raw cured ham, which appeared in the stereomicroscope as piles of crystals, were confirmed as tyrosine crystals. Tyrosine is readily soluble in nitric acid (yellowish discoloration) and, after addition of potash lye, it precipitates as yellow-orange picrate. Factors that influence the formation of tyrosine crystals are largely unknown. In raw cured ham of Parma experience has shown that tyrosine crystals are found in ham stored for a very long time.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

[Determination of plasma creatinine with centrifugal analyser].

An automated kinetic method to determine creatinine in plasma with Jaffé reaction (alkaline picrate reagent) using a Gemsaec analyser is studied in order to argue the precision and the accuracy. The analysis of the reaction rate of a primar standard solution and of different plasmas suggests that a rapid measure is requisite in order to avoid interferences from chromogens contained in plasma which develop a same but often slower and durabler coloration at the used wavelength. The method is compared to the manual procedure using adsorption on Lloyd's reagent.

Autoanalysis↗

PubMed1997

Action of K-crown ether on photosystem II electron transport: characterization of the site of action.

We have investigated the inhibitory effect of K-crown (18-crown-6 potassium picrate) on photosystem II (PSII)-enriched membrane fragments and O2-evolving core complexes. K-crown at 2-4 microM inhibits about half the control level of O2-evolution activity in both types of PSII samples. Oxygen-evolution studies demonstrated that the ether works by inactivating the centres and not by interfering with antenna function or energy transfer to the reaction centre. K-crown does not disrupt binding of the extrinsic proteins associated with O2 evolution nor complex with bound Ca2+ or Cl- cofactors, but rather it directly inhibits electron transfer after the tetrameric Mn cluster. Fluorescence studies on active and Tris-treated samples showed that K-crown does not prevent artificial donors from transferring electrons to PSII but like DCMU inhibits on the acceptor side after QA, the primary quinone acceptor. However, the ether is a leaky inhibitor and may also act as a weak donor when the Mn cluster is not present. Oxygen-production experiments using silicomolybdate as an artificial acceptor (which accepts from both pheophytin and QB in PSII membranes) demonstrated that the inhibition is at or near the DCMU site.

Binding Sites↗

PubMed1954