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PubMed1997

Solitary meningeal plasmacytomas.

BACKGROUND: Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (SEP) represents a rare separate clinical pathological entity; it is radiosensitive, curable, and unrelated to myeloma. Only 15 cases have been reported. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Authors report two well documented cases of dural plasmocytomas mimicking meningiomas. This paper points out differences between plasmacytomas, with very different initial presentation, and other meningeal tumors including extensive radiological investigations. Diagnostic options and outcomes are discussed. CONCLUSION: With solitary plasmacytomas, radiological diagnosis is difficult to assess. Serum is generally free of monoclonal protein. The importance of the most recent techniques in ruling out other pathological entities is stressed. Histopathological examination is required to document a monoclonal type of plasma cell tumor. Treatment includes surgery and radiotherapy. Differential radiological diagnosis will be discussed.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A novel 6:10 chromosomal translocation in the murine plasmacytoma NS-1.

Specific chromosomal abnormalities are regularly associated with many murine and human malignancies. In particular, the majority of murine plasmacytomas and human Burkitt's lymphomas contain a characteristic translocation which results in the juxtaposition of a cellular oncogene, c-myc, with the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene locus, and this rearranged c-myc directs the synthesis of qualitatively and quantitatively abnormal transcripts which may have an aetiological role in the development of the transformed state in lymphoid malignancies. Similarly, rearrangement and abnormal expression of c-myb (ref. 10) and c-mos (ref. 11) has been reported in other murine lymphoid tumours. Here we describe a novel 6:10 chromosomal translocation in the murine plasmacytoma cell line NS-1 which juxtaposes the immunoglobulin Ck gene with a single-copy sequence of unknown function. The NS-1 plasmacytoma is a frequently used fusion partner in hybridoma production and is known to contain a rearranged c-myc gene and a genetic element which transforms normal mouse fibroblasts in DNA-mediated transfection assays. We conclude that individual B-cell tumours may contain multiple chromosomal translocations perhaps relevant to oncogenesis.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Variant (6 ; 15) translocation in a murine plasmacytoma occurs near an immunoglobulin kappa gene but far from the myc oncogene.

Chromosome translocations in B-lymphoid tumours are providing intriguing insights and puzzles regarding the role of immunoglobulin genes in the activation of the myc oncogene (reviewed in refs 1, 2). The 15 ; 12 translocations found in most murine plasmacytomas and the analogous 8 ; 14 translocation in human Burkitt's lymphomas involve scissions of murine chromosome 15 (human chromosome 8) near the 5' end of the c-myc gene and subsequent fusion near an immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene. The less well characterized 'variant' translocations found in about 15% of such tumours also involve the myc-bearing chromosome band, but exchange occurs with a chromosome bearing an immunoglobulin light-chain locus--in mice, the kappa-chain locus bearing chromosome 6 (refs 3-5) and, in man, chromosome 2 (or 22), at the same band at which the kappa (or lambda) locus lies (reviewed in ref. 1). The Burkitt variant translocations involve scissions 3' of c-myc; one 8 ; 22 translocation placed the C lambda locus just 3' of c-myc, but usually the chromosome 8 breakpoint is a greater, but unknown, distance away from c-myc, more than 20 kilobases (kb) in one 8 ; 2 translocation involving the C kappa gene. Little is known about the murine 6 ; 15 translocations, although a C kappa gene cloned from one plasmacytoma (PC7183) is linked, via chromosome 12 sequences, to an unidentified region of chromosome 15 (ref. 11). We describe here the chromosome fusion region from plasmacytoma ABPC4, which displays the typical reciprocal 6;15 translocations. We find that the chromosome 6 breakpoint is near C kappa but, unlike those in the heavy-chain locus, not at a position where immunoglobulin genes normally recombine. Moreover, the chromosome 15 sequences involved in the ABPC4 translocation are not derived from the vicinity of c-myc.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Clonal diversification of primary BALB/c plasmacytomas harboring T(12;15) chromosomal translocations.

DNA sequence analysis of PCR amplified Igh/c-myc junction fragments of T(12;15) chromosome translocations and immunohistochemical determination of immunoglobulin isotype production were employed to study the clonal diversification of neoplastic translocated plasma cells that resided in peritoneal inflammatory granulomas of BALB/c mice harboring primary plasmacytomas. The diversity of plasma cells was found to take two major forms when the fine structure of the T(12;15) translocation was used as the clonotypic marker. First, mosaics of clones containing translocations that were apparently unrelated to each other were detected in nine out of 17 (53%) mice. Second, subclones derived from common T(12;15)+ progenitors by either secondary deletions in translocation breakpoint regions or aberrant isotype switching near translocation breaksites were found in five of 17 (29.5%) mice. When Ig expression was utilized as the clonotypic marker, clonal mosaics were shown to occur in all mice. This was demonstrated by the finding that the prevalent IgA- or IgG-producing plasmacytoma clone was invariably accompanied by smaller clones of IgG- or IgA-expressing neoplastic plasma cells, respectively. These results provided new insights into the clonal diversification at the terminal stage of plasmacytomagenesis. In addition, they suggested that BALB/c plasmacytomas may be uniquely useful for studying clonal diversity during B cell oncogenesis, since clonal evolution can be evaluated in a pool of tumor and tumor precursor cells that is clearly defined by the T(12;15) chromosomal translocation and the production of monoclonal immunoglobulin.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Extramedullary plasmacytoma in the adrenal incidentaloma.

High-resolution imaging has led to the increasingly frequent discovery of adrenal incidentalomas. Most are nonfunctioning tumours and adenomas, but it is difficult to distinguish benign from malignant tumours using only morphological and laboratory data, and the diagnosis often remains uncertain without histological examination. Here we report the case of a 52-year-old Japanese man who had a right adrenal incidentaloma 4 cm in diameter. The tumour was removed by laparoscopic adrenalectomy. The pathology specimen revealed the typical histology of plasmacytoma. Extramedullary plasmacytoma is a very rare type of plasma cell proliferative disorder. This is the first documented case of an extramedullary plasmacytoma in the adrenal gland.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗

PubMed1999

Hepatic plasmacytomas: case report and review of imaging features.

Extramedullary plasmacytomas are uncommon and have a better prognosis than disseminated myeloma. We describe the second case of hepatic plasmacytomas (multiple) following a solitary bone plasmacytoma. The imaging characteristics of the few reported cases of these rare hepatic tumours are compared. The value of ultrasound in the assessment of liver lesions is emphasized.

Aged↗

PubMed2001

'Indolent' plasmacytoma.

A patient presented with lethargy, nausea and diarrhoea and had a 10-year history of neurological symptoms in his legs. He was found to have renal failure. Investigations demonstrated a longstanding plasmacytoma of the sacrum and progression to myeloma. Such an indolent course for plasmacytoma is rare. A review of the clinical case and management of solid plasmacytomas is presented.

Aged↗

PubMed2001

Primary testicular plasmacytoma with hydrocele of the testis.

A case of primary testicular plasmacytoma complicated with hydrocele of the testis is reported. An 86-year-old man presented with hydrocele of the right testis. High inguinal orchiectomy was performed as the preoperative aspiration cytology of the hydrocele fluid showed atypical cells. Immunohistochemical study of the right testis revealed testicular plasmacytoma positive for IgG. He remained well 9 months after the orchiectomy. This is the second reported case where the preoperative diagnosis of testicular plasmacytoma was made based on the hydrocele fluid cytology.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Bilateral plasmacytoma of the breast: a case report.

Plasmacytoma of the breast is a rare condition that may occur as a solitary finding or in association with multiple myeloma. Of the cases of plasmacytoma of the breast that have been described, nearly half have been bilateral. We report a case of bilateral plasmacytoma of the breast detected on a routine screening mammogram in a patient with a recent diagnosis of multiple myeloma.

Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMed2001

Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the hand: a case report.

Plasmacytoma commonly occurs as an interosseous lesion. The soft tissue variant of plasmacytoma has been found infrequently in the feet but not in the hands. We describe a 47-year-old man with extensive involvement of the flexor tendons by a plasmacytoma.

Hand↗

PubMed2000

Solitary plasmacytoma of the calvarium.

A solitary plasmacytoma of the calvarium was removed radically without postoperative radiotherapy. A 69-year-old female patient was operated for a giant solitary plasmacytoma in the frontal region and the follow-up over 10 years revealed no recurrence. The authors discuss that solitary plasmacytoma of the calvarium may have a good prognosis if radically removed and the radiotherapy may not be necessary.

Aged↗

PubMed1980

Rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes during B-lymphocyte development as revealed by studies of mouse plasmacytoma cells.

We have used Southern's blotting technique to determine the extent to which the genes encoding the constant (C) regions of mu, alpha, gamma(1), and gamma(2b) immunoglobulin heavy (H) chains are altered in number and context from their germline (embryo) state in a series of 14 plasmacytomas expressing various H chain classes. In the three mu chain-producing plasmacytomas studied there was no evidence of rearrangement of C(H) genes other than C(mu). In contrast, rearrangement and deletion of nonexpressed C(H) genes was frequent in plasmacytomas that produce gamma or alpha chains. The observed pattern of deletions is consistent with the idea that the ontogenetic switch in H chain class requires C(H) gene deletion. Frequently, though not always, such deletions as well as other types of rearrangement occur in both allelic loci. Particularly noteworthy are three gamma(2a)-expressing tumors in which C(alpha) gene rearrangement is evident in both alleles. We incorporate these observations into a probabilistic model of B cell development: in the first phase, deletions may occur between the C(mu) gene and the variable (V(H)) gene array, which result in the formation of a productive fused V(H)-C(mu) gene. The cell may then enter a second phase, which allows deletions within the C(H) gene arrays of both homologous chromosomes. Some deletions juxtapose the expressed V(H) gene with a second C(H) gene and result in a H chain class switch; others delete or alter the context of C(H) genes without changing the phenotype of the cell. We predict that switching can be both a single-step and a multi-step process, and that in the latter case those rearrangements that do not result in a switch may be physiologically significant in that they may limit the options of further switching.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

DNA sequence associated with chromosome translocations in mouse plasmacytomas.

A DNA sequence that generates aberrantly rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region genes in murine plasmacytomas is shown to participate in a chromosome translocation. We have previously termed this DNA sequence NIARD for non-immunoglobulin-associated rearranging DNA. NIARD rearrangements were found frequently in murine plasmacytomas but were not detected in normal lymphocytes. These rearrangements occasionally involve the switch region of the C alpha gene. In this study, DNA samples obtained from mouse-Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrid lines were digested with various restriction endonucleases and analyzed by the Southern transfer technique with a NIARD hybridization probe. These experiments show that NIARD resides on chromosome 15 in the mouse germ line. Since NIARD is found adjacent to the C alpha gene (located on chromosome 12) in some plasmacytomas, it is apparent that a translocation involving these two chromosomes has occurred. We have proposed a rcpT(12;15) model to explain our data. The implications of NIARD rearrangements for malignant transformation are discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

The c-myc oncogene is translocated to the involved chromosome 12 in mouse plasmacytoma.

Although it is known that the c-myc oncogene is rearranged in a head-to-head fashion with the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in mouse plasmacytomas, it has not been clear whether the c-myc oncogene is translocated to the heavy chain locus on mouse chromosome 12 or whether the heavy chain locus is translocated to the c-myc locus on mouse chromosome 15. To determine which of these two possibilities is correct, we hybridized Chinese hamster fibroblasts with J558 mouse plasmacytoma cells that carry a reciprocal chromosome translocation between chromosomes 12 and 15, and we examined the segregating hybrids for the presence of the normal and rearranged mouse c-myc genes, for the presence of different regions of the mouse heavy chain locus, and for the presence of genes located on mouse chromosomes 12 and 15. The results of this analysis indicate that, as in human Burkitt lymphomas with the 8;14 chromosome translocation, the c-myc gene is translocated to the heavy chain locus in mouse plasmacytomas. Thus the orientation of the heavy chain locus on mouse chromosome 12 and of the c-myc gene on mouse chromosome 15 is the same as the orientation of the homologous loci in man.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Consistent loss of functional transforming growth factor beta receptor expression in murine plasmacytomas.

Murine plasmacytomas are tumors of Ig-secreting plasma cells that can be induced in genetically susceptible BALB/c mice. The deregulation of the c-myc protooncogene is a critical oncogenic event in the development of plasmacytomas (PCTs) although it is not sufficient for their malignant transformation. We have demonstrated that PCTs produce active transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) in vitro. Because TGF-beta is a potent negative regulator of the proliferation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, we examined its role in plasmacytomagenesis by comparing responsiveness to TGF-beta of nonneoplastic plasma cells and PCTs. The nontransformed plasma cells that accumulate in interleukin 6 transgenic mice undergo accelerated apoptosis upon treatment with TGF-beta, but the 15 PCTs studied, including primary and transplanted tumors as well as established cell lines, were refractory to TGF-beta-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis. Although PCTs lack functional TGF-beta receptors as demonstrated by chemical crosslinking to radiolabeled TGF-beta1, they nonetheless contain mRNA and protein for both type I and II TGF-beta receptors, suggesting a potential defect in receptor trafficking or processing. The results clearly show the consistent inactivation of TGF-beta receptors in plasmacytoma cells, demonstrating for the first time that interruption of a tumor suppressor pathway contributes to plasmacytomagenesis.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Primary orbital plasmacytoma: A case report.

A 50-year-old man presented with a fungating growth in the left eye of 3 months duration. Biopsy of the mass followed by light microscopy was suggestive of plasmacytoma and the diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemical stains, which demonstrated monoclonality to kappa light chains. Systemic investigations ruled out a multiple myeloma. The patient received radiotherapy; however, due to a residual mass, the left orbit had to be exenterated. Solitary plasmacytomas may not always be completely radiosensitive and radical surgery may be required in such cases. Immunohistochemical stains for kappa and lambda light chains can prove useful in confirming the diagnosis of suspected plasmacytomas.

Combined Modality Therapy↗

PubMed2003

Extramedullary liver plasmacytoma a rare presentation.

Liver plasmacytoma is a very rare form of solitary plasmacytoma, in fact the presence of plasma cells in the liver is generally associated with a more aggressive form of multiple myeloma. We report an unusual case of liver plasmacytoma without systemic disease, diagnosed by percutaneous needle biopsy of the hepatic lesion, treated with six courses of melphalan and prednisone who achieved a good clinical remission after five years of follow-up.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

Plasma cell lesions of the thyroid: report of a case of solitary plasmacytoma and a review of the literature.

We report a case of a solitary plasmacytoma arising from a thyroid with longstanding Hashimoto's disease, and diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology. Serum protein electrophoresis revealed an M-spike in the gamma-globulin region due to monoclonal IgG-lambda immunoglobulin. The thyroid tumor was treated with near-total thyroidectomy and irradiation, and the patient was well 6 years after surgery without evidence of multiple myeloma. The serum M-spike disappeared after the tumor resection and radiation therapy. Plasma cell lesions of the thyroid reported in the world literature are extensively reviewed. Solitary plasmacytomas occur most commonly in patients with Hashimoto's disease, and must be distinguished from plasma cell granulomas and involvement of the thyroid in multiple myeloma. Plasmacytomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a rapidly enlarging thyroid mass in a patient with known Hashimoto's disease.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗