PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “PSYCHOSES, TOXIC”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

[Problems of toxic psychosis as illustrated on the example of the so-called LSD psychosis].

The effects of LSD are characterized by a number of disturbances of perception and experience, which can be observed in the fields of visual, spatial and temporal perception and of affectivity. We also see disturbances of experience, which can otherwise be observed only in psychoses, for example reduction or change of cognitive functions, but also depersonalization and euphoria. In atypical courses of intoxication ("horror-trips") anxiety and excitement are predominant. Atypical courses of intoxication may be interrupted by "talk down" and additional application of tranquilizers. In a certain number of LSD-users in our clinic we saw psychoses. We classify them into flash-backs, exogenic (toxic) psychoses and so-called "endoform psychoses". The latter implies three possible constellations: accidental coincidence of LSD-use and psychosis; pre-existing psychosis with symptomatic use of LSD as an attempt of self-treatment; finally the onset of a psychosis may be triggered by the use of the halluzinogen. From the symptomatological cross-section they cannot reliably be distinguished from real schizophrenia. An independent nosological unit "LSD-psychosis" does not seem to exist.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1997

Psychopathological verbal expression of self-perceived stress in three groups of psychotic patients.

Self-perceived stress in 293 psychotic patients (schizophrenic, toxic and brief reactive psychoses) and a control group of 40 sane individuals was evaluated by means of the Frankfurt Complaint Questionnaire. For this purpose, scores obtained in 6 'complementary items' of third version of this questionnaire were studied, both in global and in detailed form. These items reflect coping mechanisms exerted towards situations perceived as stressful which can produce clinical manifestations similar to the well-known 'negative symptoms' of schizophrenia. Results show that self-perceived stress in all groups of patients is significantly higher than in the control group. In contrast, no significant differences among the three groups of patients are obtained. In conclusion, we point out the relevance of studying the psychotic patient's self-perceived stress in order to detect and minimize or even avoid the patient's risk situations, independent of his/her diagnosis. This will be especially useful to obtain optimal conditions for rehabilitation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1980

The role of EEG in the emergency room.

Our experience with the use of EEG in the diagnosis and management of acute neuropsychiatric patients in the emergency room is reported. The importance of the role of EEG in the diagnosis of different types of seizure disorders, toxic-metabolic encephalopathies, acute psychoses, and head injuries is emphasized. In many conditions EEG may be the only diagnostic tool to help the physician to arrive at an accurate diagnosis and management of the patient. The cost efficiency is more practical than other more expensive and more customarily used tests such as CT Scan, and the information obtained cannot be reproduced by such other tests.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phase I trial and pharmacokinetics of acivicin administered by 72-hour infusion.

Acivicin, an L-glutamine antagonist, was administered to 37 evaluable patients with refractory advanced solid tumors in a phase I trial. A total of 67 evaluable 72-hr iv infusions were given at 3- to 4-week intervals. Doses ranged from 3.0 to 90 mg/m2/course. Reversible CNS toxicity was dose-limiting and included lethargy, somnolence, anxiety, hallucinations, and paranoid psychoses. Four of five patients experienced unacceptable CNS toxicity at 90 mg/m2. Three of eight patients experienced reversible diaphoresis and chills without fever at 75 mg/m2, and two had dizziness and ataxia. Hematopoietic toxicity, nausea, emesis, and diarrhea were mild and dose-related. One patient developed a blue-green discoloration of the infusion arm. Serial plasma and urine specimens from 13 patients were assayed for acivicin using a microbiologic method. Peak plasma levels at the end of the 72-hr infusions correlated with dose and ranged from 0.09 to 1.10 microgram/ml. When data from six patients were fitted to a two-compartment open model, alpha-half-life ranged from 1.1 to 63 mins, while beta-half-life ranged fro 338 to 629 mins. Renal clearance ranged from 6 to 24 mL/min, and nonrenal clearance accounted for 58%-83% of the total drug clearance. CNS toxicity correlated with plasma acivicin levels which exceeded 0.9 microgram/ml for greater than 16 hrs, but not with peak plasma levels or with the integrals of the concentration x time curves. Minor responses were seen in one patient with melanoma, in one with epidermoid pulmonary carcinoma, and in two with colon carcinoma. A starting dose of 60 mg/m2/course was recommended for phase II trials, with possible escalation to 75 mg/m2 in the second course if the drug was well-tolerated.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1978

Prostaglandins and schizophrenia: further discussion of the evidence.

It has been proposed that schizophrenia is a prostaglandin-deficiency disease and also that it is a disease of prostaglandin excess. New evidence is reviewed which suggests that 'classic' schizophrenia is due to a specific deficiency of prostaglandin E1 while certain toxic and vitamin-deficiency psychoses may be due to a broader spectrum of prostaglandin deficiency. There is also good evidence that a particular schizophrenic subgroup, which includes catatonic schizophrenia but may not be confirmed to it, is associated with an excess of prostaglandins. Part of the explanation may be that prostaglandin E1 has a 'bell-shaped' dose-response curve with high concentrations having effects similar to those of prostaglandin deficiency.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Self-enucleation and psychosis.

Four cases of self-enucleation are reported. Self-induced ocular mutilation is uncommon. Self-enucleation is rare and is specifically associated with paranoid delusions, either as a result of a drug-related toxic psychosis or in the functional psychoses, especially schizophrenia. An association with solvent abuse is reported. Such patients use self enucleation as a form of parasuicide and may mutilate themselves in other ways. In the management of such patients close co-operation between ophthalmologist and psychiatrist is important, as further self injury, including suicide is common.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The mystic experience: a psychiatric reflection.

This paper reviews the phenomenology of the mystical experience and its varied contexts epilepsy, toxicity, organic brain syndromes, the major psychoses and hysterical dissociative states as well as in apparently normal persons. The impact of the experience on the personality is noted and its significance briefly reviewed. The author notes that two fallacies await the unwary psychiatrist: the fallacy of reductionism which defines the mystical experience in pathological terms only; and the fallacy of speculation without adequate philosophical or theological tools.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1994

[Cannabis and psychoses].

Patients with the combination of cannabis abuse and psychosis are difficult to treat. The intoxicated state has many similarities to schizophrenia. Like other drugs with abuse potential cannabis affects the brain's reward system. It has not been possible to show major structural changes in the cerebrum, but by electron microscopy structural changes can be shown in animals especially in the hippocampus. The drug is taken in order to escape reality, and a vicious circle tending to maintain the person's abuse pattern which includes reduced energy, judgment and memory may be established. Cannabis may cause toxic psychosis, with a tendency to recurrent psychoses with continued abuse. There is no convincing support for the assumption that cannabis can cause chronic functional psychosis following cessation of abuse. Schizophrenic patients who use cannabis are often trying to reduce the discomfort caused by symptoms in the prodromal phase. By continued abuse positive psychotic symptoms are worsened. Antidepressant drugs may diminish the depressive elements of the disease. Some cannabis users are especially sensitive and develop toxic psychosis. Patients with repeated toxic psychosis may erroneously be diagnosed as schizophrenics. It is therefore important to be aware that a psychotic state may be caused by abuse of cannabis, and adjust treatment to this fact.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

The impact of treatment with levodopa on Parkinson's disease.

The progress of 178 patients with Parkinson's disease who began treatment with levodopa between November 1969 and December 1972 is reviewed after six years. One hundred and twenty-five patients showed an initial improvement of their individual total disability scores exceeding 25 per cent, but after six years of sustained treatment only 37 patients still obtained similar benefit. By 1978 only five patients had maintained their initial improvement compared to 69 patients after two years therapy; however, 47 patients were still better than before treatment. The overall mortality ratio--the ratio of observed to expected death rate--for all the patients was 1.45:1. In those patients who unable to tolerate levodopa for longer than two years the ratio was 2.38:1; in those who were able to tolerate sustained medication, life expectancy was normal (ratio of 0.91:1 for males and 1.14:1 for females). Involuntary movements were the commonest complication of treatment. Three main types were distinguished. Peak dose dyskinesias, beginning 20 to 90 minutes after an oral dose and most severe midway through the inter-dose period, affected 80 per cent of patients. Early morning and end-of-dose dystonia occurred in 20 per cent of patients and biphasic dyskinesia--two distinct episodes of involuntary movements within each inter-dose period--was the least common pattern affecting 3 per cent of patients. Involuntary movements increased in frequency and severity as treatment continued. End-of-dose deterioration ('wearing-off' effect of individual doses) occurred in 65 per cent of patients: unpredictable oscillations in motor performance (the 'on-off' phenomenon) unrelated to the time and dosage of levodopa, occurred in 10 per cent. Psychiatric side effects included toxic confusional states, visual pseudohallucinations and paranoid psychoses and constituted the most frequent reason for stopping medication. Forty (22 per cent) of the patients had suffered severe depression before the onset of disease and levodopa had no sustained antidepressant effect in this group. After six years of treatment with levodopa, 32 per cent of the patients had unequivocal dementia.

Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced↗