SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Pathologists”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

Practice guidelines for autopsy pathology. Autopsy reporting. Autopsy Committee of the College of American Pathologists.

The Autopsy Committee of the College of American Pathologists has prepared this guideline in conjunction with representatives of other organizations to assist pathologists in the reporting of autopsies. The guideline is to be regarded as being primarily an educational tool. Application of these recommendations on autopsy reporting is to be made on the basis of the judgment of the pathologist engaged in a specific case.

Abstracting and Indexing↗

PubMed1995

[Role and potentials of the pathologist in modern clinical gastroenterology. In memory of Prof. Géza Hetényi].

In the course of memorial lecture the author commemorates Professor Géza Hetényi. His synthetizering role is stressed, analysing the professor's views on the clinical and theoretical medicine, on the medical practice and teaching in the medicine. Author performs it from the points of view of practising pathologist who considered the clinical pathology as the most important. After these introductory thoughts the role of pathologist is outlined in the gastroenterological diagnostics. Before the introduction of modern fiberoptic endoscopy, the pathologist met with some forms of the gastroenterological diseases at most during the processing work of surgically removed specimens or even more in the autopsy room, but in the latter cases only their end stage could be demonstrated. The introduction of so-called blind exfoliative cytology by the gastric lavage was a great leap forward. Advanced gastric carcinoma were detected mostly by this method but some early gastric cancer could be also discovered occasionally. The more and more wide-spread use of modern fiberpotic endoscopy was of decisive importance because by this way the aimed forceps biopsy could be performed completed with a new form of gastric cytology, with abrasive smears. The specificity and sensitivity of the latter method achieves or surpasses the 90%. Nowadays, not only the stomach carcinomas but their possible precancerous conditions and changes as chronic gastritis can be diagnosed on morphological basis. The history of different gastritis classifications is also surveyed emphasised author's own pathogenetic conceptions which can be included well in our now accepted modern Sydney-classification.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Gastroenterology↗

PubMed1993

Improving accuracy in gynecologic cytology. Results of the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Cervicovaginal Cytology.

The College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Cervicovaginal Cytology (PAP) is a quarterly mailed glass-slide quality improvement program. This growing program started as a pilot in 1989 with 207 laboratories. In 1991, 605 laboratories participated. The diagnostic menu is modified from the Bethesda System and divides referenced slides into a negative series (normal, infectious, and reactive) and a positive series of epithelial lesions. A facsimile option facilitates immediate educational feedback. The 1989 through 1991 major discrepancy rate averaged 5%. The consensus laboratory response had higher concordance than either pathologist or cytotechnologist responses. Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion was the leading cause of false-negative participant response, while reactive/reparative change was the leading cause of false-positive response. Pathologist false-negative and false-positive responses from group or large case-volume practices were significantly lower than those from solo or small case-volume practices. Cytotechnologists in multiple-technologist or large-volume laboratories had significantly lower false-negative responses than solo technologists or those in low case-volume laboratories, but false-positive rates did not differ. Experienced participants had fewer major discrepancies. The Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Cervicovaginal Cytology illustrates the feasibility of a large, mailed glass-slide program, and offers laboratories a continuous method for monitoring and improving performance in gynecologic cytology.

Cytodiagnosis↗

PubMed1994

Practice guidelines for autopsy pathology. Autopsy performance. Autopsy Committee of the College of American Pathologists.

The Autopsy Committee of the College of American Pathologists has prepared this guideline in conjunction with representatives of other organizations to assist pathologists in the performance of autopsies. The guideline is to be regarded as being primarily an educational tool. Application of these recommendations on autopsy performance is to be made on the basis of the judgment of the pathologist engaged in a specific case.

Autopsy↗

PubMed1993

Making the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. A primer for practicing pathologists.

There is demand on community pathologists to perform autopsies to confirm the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, the most common cause of dementia in our increasingly aging society. Yet many pathologists are reluctant to examine autopsy brains because they have little experience with neuropathology and with the common histopathologic staining methods needed to evaluate dementia cases. This article provides interested pathologists with a simple, practical protocol to use in meeting this demand. While there is no absolute diagnostic gold standard for Alzheimer's disease and the histopathologic diagnosis remains imperfect, the guidelines presented are adapted from those used by many neuropathologists at Alzheimer's disease research centers participating in CERAD, the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease. Recipes for appropriate stains and specific case examples are provided for convenience.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1997

Practice guidelines for autopsy pathology: the perinatal and pediatric autopsy. Autopsy Committee of the College of American Pathologists.

The Autopsy Committee of the College of American Pathologists has prepared this guideline in conjunction with representatives of other organizations to assist pathologists in the reporting of perinatal and pediatric autopsies. The guideline is to be regarded as being primarily an educational tool. Application of these recommendations on autopsy reporting is to be made on the basis of the judgment of the pathologist engaged in a specific case.

Autopsy↗

PubMed1997

Digital imaging as a teaching tool for pathologists.

Digital Imaging is a technology which should be of considerable interest to pathologists as the use of gross and microscopic pathology images plays an important part in their role as medical educators. Digital imaging may have important advantages over conventional film photography which can be exploited by the pathologist to create all-digital presentations. In this article, the basic components of digital imaging are described, along with an affordable and practical approach which should allow most pathologists to begin to explore this medium.

Computers↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Comprehensive evaluation of the work of medical pathologists].

The quantitative criteria system of complex assessment of pathologist's work is presented. It is based on the results of comparative quantitative analysis of the work made, standard and mean rates. Labor activity of pathologists was assessed by its intensity, complexity and quality with further introduction of the integral index. Such an approach improves objective assessment of pathologists' qualification and facilitates work of medical managers.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗

PubMed1997

[Endoscopic polypectomy in the large bowel--the pathologist's view].

Colonoscopy remains the main diagnostic tool in colorectal diseases. Endoscopic polypectomy is a routine therapeutic method for colorectal adenomas, but its yield must be verified histologically. Complete endoscopic and histologic resection of an adenoma is regarded as a sufficient method of its treatment. Some early colon cancers can also be managed endoscopically, providing that strict histologic criteria are fulfilled. It is the duty of clinicians to supply pathologists with all the clinical data on the patient and to properly mark the resected specimen. Pathologists must understand the therapeutic technique, its limits, and provide physicians with a detailed histopathological report that includes not only a proper histological assessment of the resected tissue, but also a comment on completeness of the neoplasm resection. This article should help both clinicians and pathologists to benefit from the potential of histological examination.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1998

[Consultation on laboratory information--from the perspectives of clinical pathologists and medical technologists].

There is increasing demand for consultation on clinical laboratory test results. To respond to this demand, the Clinical Laboratory of Kitasato University Hospital opened the "Clinical Laboratory Information (Consulting) Center" in July 1995, which has been supporting medical care and research. The Center is located on the second floor of the Clinical Laboratory building of Kitasato University Hospital, and is staffed by one medical technologist and a clinical pathologist specialized in clinical laboratory medicine. The Center staff consults by telephone from 9 am to 5 pm on weekdays, and get inquiries after work hours and during weekends either by e-mail or fax. Since January 1998, the Center has been open to physicians belonging to the Japanese Medical Association, in the area surrounding Kitasato University Hospital. The Center aims to improve medical care by providing accurate and up-to-date information on clinical laboratory test and the interpretation. The staff of the Center attempts to advise physicians thus regarding appropriate tests for particular patients. This avoids the ordering of unnecessary tests, and benefits the patient, the physician, and the hospital. The staff should keep abreast of new findings on a wide array of clinical laboratory tests. The Center staff should respond immediately to requests and complaints, thereby always seeking to improve the Center. Since physicians who receive training in Clinical Pathology at this hospital must do a rotation in the Internal Medicine Department for at least two years, the clinical pathologist at the Center can provide not only interpretation of the test result but also clinical advice. More than 80% of the inquiries can be answered by medical technologists. It is important that the Center staff answer every question in a courteous and polite manner. Establishment of this Center increased the efficiency of the clinical laboratories at this hospital, as the other medical technologists were freed from answering questions over the telephone. Our Center is the first such clinical laboratory in Japan that is staffed by both a clinical pathologist and a medical technologist, and our Center could be a pilot program for a new service of hospital clinical laboratories.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗

PubMed2003

[Interlaboratory trial 2000 " Immunohistochemistry" of the German Society for Pathology and the Professional Association of German Pathologists].

Early in 2000 an interlaboratory trial on immunohistochemistry was held in Germany in which 172 pathologists took part. Each pathologist received one H&E stained and five unstained slides of five different tumors to reach a diagnosis based on immunohistochemical stains. Additionally, the diagnosis-independent staining quality was assessed by using a multi-tissue block. Altogether, 828 diagnoses were made, among which 57% (468) were correct. The individual steps of immunohistochemistry (tentative morphological diagnosis, choice of primary antibodies, technical staining quality, conclusions from the diagnosis and rendering a final diagnosis) were assessed independently. Although each of these steps was correlated to the correct final diagnosis, in the multivariate analysis only the tentative diagnosis, choice of primary antibodies and the conclusions drawn from individual stains were independent factors to reach the correct final diagnosis. In the diagnostic part of the interlaboratory trial, the technical quality of the immunostaining was not an independent variable to reach a correct diagnosis. In contrast, the results of the multi-tissue block proved that the immunohistochemical staining quality has to be standardized to reach reproducible results in defining the estrogen receptor expression as a basis for therapeutic decisions.

Coloring Agents↗

PubMed2026

AI In Leukemia Diagnostics: Complementing the Pathologist's Role.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping every stage of leukemia diagnostics, from digital morphology and multiparameter flow cytometry to next-generation sequencing, multi-omics analysis, and emerging computational frontiers such as quantum-inspired feature selection. This review outlines how contemporary AI tools can automate labor-intensive quantitation, flag diagnostically salient patterns, and standardize interpretation, while the pathologist or hematologist retains authority over validation, context-specific integration, and clinical decision-making. We present an illustrative "human-in-the-loop" workflow that embeds AI modules within current laboratory information systems, emphasizing points where expert oversight mitigates algorithmic bias and resolves discordant findings. We further map the validator-integrator role across morphology, flow cytometry, and genomic/multi-omic interpretation and provide practical training competencies and use cases for AI-assisted hematopathology. Beyond technical deployment, the article addresses the educational transformation required for sustainable adoption. Drawing on international competency frameworks, including the Digital Health Competencies in Medical Education Framework and recently proposed AI-specific Entrustable Professional Activities, we map core skills that future hematopathologists must master: data-science literacy, critical appraisal of AI outputs, and ethical governance. We highlight evaluated training models such as the Pathology Informatics Essentials for Residents curriculum, Stanford Artificial Intelligence in Machine and Imaging workshops, and College of American Pathologists bootcamps and propose integration strategies adaptable across resource settings. By pairing rigorous validation with targeted education, AI can elevate rather than eclipse the diagnostic role of the leukemia specialist, enabling more timely, reproducible, and personalized patient care.

Humans↗

PubMed2004

Bilirubin proficiency testing using specimens containing unconjugated bilirubin and human serum: results of a College of American Pathologists study.

CONTEXT: Specimens of the College of American Pathologists Neonatal Bilirubin and Chemistry surveys are inadequate for evaluating the performance of clinical laboratories in measuring serum bilirubin because they exhibit strong matrix interference. Recently published data indicate that at least 1 major clinical analyzer provided inaccurate bilirubin values for Neonatal Bilirubin Survey specimens. The composition of the specimens, bovine serum enriched with ditaurobilirubin, was responsible for the erroneous results. OBJECTIVE: This article evaluates the performance of major clinical analyzers using a survey specimen free of matrix interference. DESIGN: A human serum-based specimen enriched solely with unconjugated bilirubin was included in the 2003 Neonatal Bilirubin and Chemistry surveys. Its bilirubin concentration (19.4 mg/dL [332 micromol/L]) was determined by the reference method for total bilirubin. RESULTS: The coefficients of variation for the 4 major clinical analyzers (Dimension, Hitachi, Synchron, and Vitros) ranged from 1.9% to 3.7%. When compared to the bilirubin value measured by the reference method, mean bilirubin values of the 4 major clinical analyzers and College of American Pathologists (CAP) All Data (which refers to the grand mean and overall coefficient of variation of all method principles, all instruments according to CAP terminology) ranged from -3.5% to 5.1%. Direct bilirubin results from most field methods showed good specificity overall. CONCLUSION: Human serum-based survey specimens, having their bilirubin concentrations determined by the reference method, should be included as frequently as feasible in the Neonatal Bilirubin Survey. Such specimens may be used by instrument manufacturers as standards for calibrating bilirubin methods and for assigning values to calibrators provided to instrument users. A substantial improvement in bilirubin measurements due to the reduction of systematic error is expected.

Bilirubin↗

PubMed2004

Biochemical markers of myocardial injury test turnaround time: a College of American Pathologists Q-Probes study of 7020 troponin and 4368 creatine kinase-MB determinations in 159 institutions.

CONTEXT: Rapid diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting to emergency departments (EDs) with chest pain may determine the types, and predict the outcomes of, the therapy those patients receive. The amount of time consumed in establishing diagnoses of acute myocardial infarction may depend in part on that consumed in the generation of the blood test results measuring myocardial injury. OBJECTIVE: To determine the normative rates of turnaround time (TAT) for biochemical markers of myocardial injury and to examine hospital and laboratory practices associated with faster TATs. DESIGN: Laboratory personnel in institutions enrolled in the College of American Pathologists Q-Probes Program measured the order-to-report TATs for serum creatine kinase-MB and/or serum troponin (I or T) for patients presenting to their hospital EDs with symptoms of acute myocardial infarction. Laboratory personnel also completed detailed questionnaires characterizing their laboratories' and hospitals' practices related to testing for biochemical markers of myocardial injury. ED physicians completed questionnaires indicating their satisfaction with testing for biochemical markers of myocardial injury in their hospitals. SETTING: A total of 159 hospitals, predominantly located in the United States, participating in the College of American Pathologists Q-Probes Program. RESULTS: Most (82%) laboratory participants indicated that they believed a reasonable order-to-report TATs for biochemical markers of myocardial injury to be 60 minutes or less. Most (75%) of the 1352 ED physicians who completed satisfaction questionnaires believed that the results of tests measuring myocardial injury should be reported back to them in 45 minutes or less, measured from the time that they ordered those tests. Participants submitted TAT data for 7020 troponin and 4368 creatine kinase-MB determinations. On average, they reported 90% of myocardial injury marker results in slightly more than 90 minutes measured from the time that those tests were ordered. Among the fastest performing 25% of participants (75th percentile and above), median order-to-report troponin and creatine kinase-MB TATs were equal to 50 and 48.3 minutes or less, respectively. Shorter troponin TATs were associated with performing cardiac marker studies in EDs or other peripheral laboratories compared to (1) performing tests in central hospital laboratories, and (2) having cardiac marker specimens obtained by laboratory rather than by nonlaboratory personnel. CONCLUSION: The TAT expectations of the ED physicians using the results of laboratory tests measuring myocardial injury exceed those of the laboratory personnel providing the results of those tests. The actual TATs of myocardial injury testing meet the expectations of neither the providers of those tests nor the users of those test results. Improving TAT performance will require that the providers and users of laboratory services work together to develop standards that meet the needs of the medical staff and that are reasonably achievable by laboratory personnel.

Academies and Institutes↗

PubMed2005

Distinguishing carcinoid tumor from small cell carcinoma of the lung: correlating cytologic features and performance in the College of American Pathologists Non-Gynecologic Cytology Program.

CONTEXT: The cytologic features of carcinoid tumor of the lung are well described. Nevertheless, some carcinoids may be difficult to distinguish from small cell carcinomas. OBJECTIVE: To correlate the cytologic features of individual cases of carcinoid tumor of the lung in fine-needle aspiration specimens in the College of American Pathologists Non-Gynecologic Cytology Program with the frequency of misclassification as small cell carcinoma. DESIGN: We reviewed 1100 interpretations from 26 different cases of carcinoid tumor in lung fine-needle aspiration specimens in the College of American Pathologists Non-Gynecologic Cytology Program and correlated the cytologic features with the performance in the program. RESULTS: Cases were divided into those that were frequently misclassified as small cell carcinoma (at least 20% of the responses, 19 cases) and those that were infrequently misclassified as small cell carcinoma (<10% of all responses, 7 cases). All cases had areas with classic features of carcinoid tumor. Cases were reviewed independently by 3 cytopathologists specifically looking for cytologic features that might be responsible for misclassification as small cell carcinoma. All 7 cases that were infrequently misclassified consisted of numerous monotonous well-preserved tumor cells that were either entirely round or were a mixture of round and spindle-shaped cells. Six of 7 cases showed a prominent streaming vascular pattern with tumor cells attached to the endothelial cell core. In contrast, cases that were frequently misclassified had 1 of 6 patterns that were not seen in cases that were rarely misclassified. These 6 patterns were: (1) poorly preserved and pale-staining cells with fine chromatin and a suggestion of molding (5 cases); (2) numerous large, well-preserved, spindle-shaped cells (2 cases); (3) numerous cells varying markedly in both size and shape (both round and spindle-shaped cells), with a common finding of degenerated, smudgy, small round and spindle-shaped cells (9 cases); (4) hypocellular specimens (8 cases); (5) obscuration of cells by blood (2 cases); and (6) tumor cells present predominantly in groups, with few isolated cells (8 cases). In none of these cases were mitoses or true necrosis identified. CONCLUSIONS: Frequent misclassification of carcinoid tumor as small cell carcinoma in lung fine-needle aspiration specimens in this program correlates strongly with specific cytologic features, some of which are common in small cell carcinoma (fine chromatin, molding, smudgy chromatin) and others that are not (spindle-shaped cells). In addition, hypocellular specimens or specimens with cellular obscuration performed poorly, along with specimens exhibiting absence of the commonly described carcinoid feature of streaming vascularity. Awareness of these patterns may aid in avoiding misdiagnosis.

Biopsy, Fine-Needle↗

PubMed2005

Fine-needle aspiration of pulmonary hamartoma: a common source of false-positive diagnoses in the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Nongynecologic Cytology.

CONTEXT: We use data from the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Nongynecologic Cytology to evaluate the accuracy of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy for diagnosing pulmonary hamartoma (PH). OBJECTIVE: To use the performance characteristics of the PH cases in the Nongynecologic Cytology Program to determine the accuracy of FNA for identifying these lesions and to determine potential sources of interpretative errors. DESIGN: A retrospective review of the College of American Pathologists Nongynecologic Cytology cumulative data from 1997 to 2003 was performed to identify the overall accuracy of FNA for diagnosing PH and to determine the most common interpretative pitfalls. The slides from each of the cases of PH in the Nongynecologic Cytology Program were then reviewed in an effort to identify the cytologic characteristics that contributed to the poor performance of these cases. RESULTS: A total of 766 participant responses for 19 PH FNA specimens were reviewed. The specificity of FNA for making the correct general reference interpretation of benign was 78%. The false-positive rate was 22%, with the most common false-positive diagnoses being carcinoid tumor, adenocarcinoma, and small cell carcinoma. The overall accuracy for making the correct specific reference diagnosis of PH was 26%. Microscopic review of the individual cases revealed possible explanations for some of the interpretative errors and the most frequent false-positive interpretations. CONCLUSIONS: Cytologists should be aware of the potential false-positive interpretations that can occur in FNAs of PH and the potential reasons for these inaccuracies in order to minimize clinically significant diagnostic errors.

Biopsy, Fine-Needle↗

PubMed2005

Pitfalls in salivary gland fine-needle aspiration cytology: lessons from the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Nongynecologic Cytology.

CONTEXT: We use data from the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Nongynecologic Cytology to identify common diagnostic errors in salivary gland fine-needle aspiration (FNA). OBJECTIVE: To identify salivary gland FNA cases with poor performance characteristics in the Nongynecologic Cytology Program surveys, so that the most common diagnostic pitfalls can be avoided. DESIGN: A retrospective review of the College of American Pathologists Nongynecologic Cytology Program's cumulative data from 1999 to 2003 revealed the most common false-positive and false-negative interpretations on FNA for common salivary gland lesions. Slides that performed poorly were then reviewed to identify the cytologic characteristics that may have contributed to their poor performance. RESULTS: A total of 6249 participant responses with general interpretations of benign (n = 4642) or malignant (n= 1607) were reviewed. The sensitivity and specificity of the participant responses for correctly interpreting the cases as benign or malignant were 73% and 91%, respectively. Benign cases with the highest false-positive rates were monomorphic adenoma (53% false-positive), intraparotid lymph node (36%), oncocytoma (18%), and granulomatous sialadenitis (10%). Malignant cases with the highest false-negative rates were lymphoma (57%), acinic cell carcinoma (49%), low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma (43%), and adenoid cystic carcinoma (33%). Selected review of the most discordant individual cases revealed possible explanations for some of the interpretative errors. CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm the difficulty associated with interpretation of salivary gland FNA specimens. Cytologists should be aware of the potential false-positive and false-negative interpretations that can occur in FNAs from this organ site in order to minimize the possibility of diagnostic errors.

Biopsy, Fine-Needle↗

PubMed2006

Robustness of validation criteria in the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Cervicovaginal Cytology.

CONTEXT: Field validation of slides used in gynecologic cytology proficiency testing has surfaced as an important issue. Although the precision of diagnoses in peer-reviewed educational programs has been examined, the robustness of the validation criteria for specific types of interpretations used in proficiency testing has not been previously studied. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the robustness of validation criteria for slides entering an educational slide program. DESIGN: We reviewed the results of the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Cervicovaginal Cytology and compared the robustness of validation criteria for different reference diagnoses, using a total of 16,948 circulating slides. RESULTS: Validation criteria could be divided into 2 significantly different groups. The criteria for herpes, Trichomonas, squamous cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma were significantly more robust than the diagnoses of unsatisfactory; negative for intraepithelial lesion and malignancy, not otherwise specified; low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion; and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The validation criteria used in the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Cervicovaginal Cytology show 2 different levels of robustness or redundancy. These results have implications for the design of fair proficiency tests. Proficiency testing can be designed with the necessary number of reviews needed for slide validation.

Clinical Competence↗