[Laser therapy in the combined treatment of the trophic disorders in the postthrombophlebitis syndrome].
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The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess mid-term results of valvuloplasty in patients presenting chronic recurring venous stasis ulceration. From 1988 to 1993, valvuloplasty was performed in the superficial femoral vein of 33 lower extremities in 28 patients presenting recurring ulceration. In 23 cases, previous surgery in the superficial venous system or perforating vein had failed. Preoperative work-up demonstrated primary deep venous insufficiency (PDVI) in 22 extremities (group I), proximal PDVI in association with distal postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) in 10 (group II), and Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome in 1. Hemodynamic assessment with tourniquet placement demonstrated a mean venous return time of 9 sec (+10, -8). Descending femoral phlebography showed Kistner grade 4 in 30 cases. Outcome was evaluated by clinical examination and Dupplex scan with photophlethysmography at follow-up times ranging from 2 to 7.6 years (mean: 51 months). Correlation between outcome of valvuloplasty and clinical findings was excellent. The incidence of poor clinical and hemodynamic results was higher for patients with PTS. Valve repair in association with surgery for superficial vein insufficiency and ligation of perforators gives good results in patients with isolated PDVI.
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After a general introduction on Doppler sonography and the anatomy and physiology of the venous circulation in the lower extremities, personal and other experience of the main sonographic techniques used in the diagnosis of lower limb conditions like deep venous thrombosis, venous insufficiency and post-phlebitic syndrome is described.
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The sudden occlusion of a vein by thrombosis almost always leads to irreversible damage or loss of function unless early diagnosis, proper primary care, and rapidly initiated surgical or medical treatment succeed in preserving the organ and reestablishing function. There are many uncertainities concerning the optimal way of treatment in preserving the venous valves essential for the venous function but it seems clear that only emergency approach and immediate treatment can be the right way reducing the amount of emerging postthrombotic syndromes and acute and chronic pulmonary disease after dvt.
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Few natural history studies are available which describe long-term outcomes after venous thromboembolism. However, symptomatic deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremities carries a high risk for recurrent venous thromboembolism that persists for many years. This risk is higher among patients with permanent risk factors including inherited abnormalities of hemostasis than among patients who have suffered trauma or who are postoperative. The development of recurrent ipsilateral DVT carries a high risk for severe post-thrombotic syndrome, an otherwise rare problem in patients with a first episode of DVT adequately treated with anticoagulant drugs and wearing vascular compression stockings. Long-term survival following DVT is generally good in the absence of malignancy. Carefully designed randomized trials are needed to determine whether chronic anticoagulation can reduce further the risks of recurrent DVT and symptoms of post-thrombotic syndrome.
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