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Results for “Psychosocial functioning”

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PubMed2001

Posttraumatic stress disorder and psychosocial functioning after severe traumatic brain injury.

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on rehabilitation after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Ninety-six patients with severe TBI patients were assessed 6 months after hospital discharge with the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Interview, the Functional Assessment Measure (FAM), the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ), the Overt Aggression Scale (OAS), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWL). PTSD was diagnosed in 27% of patients. Patients with PTSD reported higher scores on the GHQ and BDI, and lower scores on the FAM, CIQ, OAS, and SWLS than those without PTSD. Effective rehabilitation after severe TBI may be enhanced by management of PTSD.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

Health-related quality of life and psychosocial functioning of adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to study how inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects health-related quality of life (HRQoL) during adolescence and to examine how self-esteem influences HRQoL. METHODS: We compared self-esteem, anxiety, and parental reports on behavioral problems in a group of IBD patients to a healthy norm group. Forty children and 38 parents filled out questionnaires separately. Trait anxiety, self-perception, and the data on the Child Behavior Checklist were taken to compare the IBD population with healthy norms, using Student's t tests and 1-sample t tests. Effect sizes were calculated to show the clinical relevance of the differences. Multiple regression analyses were performed to assess the association between disease-related variables and self-perception with HRQoL, anxiety, and problem behavior. RESULTS: The results of this study show that adolescents with IBD, especially boys, have a significantly worse HRQoL and show more internalizing problem behavior compared with healthy peers. An important predictor of HRQoL is self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, adolescents with IBD are at risk for experiencing problems with their illness. Because self-esteem is an important predictor of HRQoL, it should be taken into account in future interventions for these children.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intellectual and psychosocial functions of children, adolescents and young adults before and after operation for craniopharyngioma.

An evaluation of intellectual, personal and social functioning was made in 16 young patients with craniopharyngioma. No changes were found in the overall IQ verbal and performances scores before and after operation, however, discrepancies between verbal and performance scores suggest that one of the manifestations of craniopharyngioma in children are disturbance in cognitive functions. The decrease in the quality of life of the patients and their families manifested through the deterioration of familial and social relationships and the decrease in scholastic achievements lead to the conclusion that children with craniopharyngioma and their families require close psychological supervision and counselling both before and after surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The mentally handicapped person with epilepsy: a comparative study investigating psychosocial functioning.

A sample of institutionalized, mentally handicapped adults who suffered from epilepsy was compared with a matched control group without epilepsy in order to investigate profiles of adaptive skills and of behavioural disturbance. Results suggested that mentally handicapped people with epilepsy have consistently poorer life skills than their peers with no epilepsy but behavioural disturbance was not significantly elevated, except for a small sub-group whose epilepsy was resistant to pharmacological control. These results are discussed with reference to past research and management implications are considered.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1995

Psychosocial functioning of transsexuals in Belgium.

Male-to-female (M-F) transsexuals differ consistently from female-to-male (F-M) transsexuals in their sociodemographic characteristics, cross-gender and sexual history and the degree to which personality disorder is concomitant to their transsexuality. As a group, female-to-male transsexuals are more homogeneous. Both groups are impaired in their mental functioning, but the male-to-female population is more mentally disordered. In a comparison between Dutch transsexuals and their Belgian counterparts, the latter were shown to have more mental problems.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychosocial function after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

The authors report on a prospective cohort study of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The purpose was to evaluate the progression of quality of life and mood, as well as patterns of alcohol consumption, a behavior with potential adverse health consequences. Of the 84 subjects who completed serial measures and other interviews at admission for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and 6-month follow-up, 75 provided data 12 months later The main findings of this study were that quality of life improves, measures of depressive symptoms decline, and patients drink less alcohol overall. Time was the most important variable accounting for these changes.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1995

Psychosocial functioning of severely disturbed adolescents after short-term hospitalization.

Forty-two severely emotionally disturbed adolescents discharged after a brief hospitalization for an acute psychiatric episode were assigned to two groups--one for whom clinicians recommended continued intensive treatment in an inpatient, residential, or day treatment setting, even though such services were not available, and the other for whom clinicians recommended only outpatient treatment. The two groups were compared on rates of rehospitalization, self-harmful actions, and suicide attempts and on severity of problems with peers during the six months after discharge. The two groups showed significant differences only in the extent of their problems with peers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Measuring the impact of multiple sclerosis on psychosocial functioning: the development of a new self-efficacy scale.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a scale to measure self-efficacy in neurologically impaired patients with multiple sclerosis and to assess the scale's psychometric properties. DESIGN: Cross-sectional questionnaire study in a clinical setting, the retest questionnaire returned by mail after completion at home. SETTING: Regional multiple sclerosis (MS) outpatient clinic or the Clinical Trials Unit (CTU) at a large neuroscience centre in the UK. SUBJECTS: One hundred persons with MS attending the Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery and Clatterbridge Hospital, Wirral, as outpatients. METHODS: Cognitively impaired patients were excluded at an initial clinic assessment. Patients were asked to provide demographic data and complete the self-efficacy scale along with the following validated scales: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Impact, Stigma and Mastery and Rankin Scales. The Rankin Scale and Barthel Index were also assessed by the physician. RESULTS: A new 11-item self-efficacy scale was constructed consisting of two domains of control and personal agency. The validity of the scale was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha analysis of internal consistency (alpha = 0.81). The test-retest reliability of the scale over two weeks was acceptable with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.79. Construct validity was investigated using Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient resulting in significant correlations with depression (r= -0.52) anxiety (r =-0.50) and mastery (r= 0.73). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that these factors accounted for 70% of the variance of scores on the self-efficacy scale, with scores on mastery, anxiety and perceived disability being independently significant. CONCLUSION: Assessment of the psychometric properties of this new self-efficacy scale suggest that it possesses good validity and reliability in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Ambulatory elderly patients of primary care physicians: functional, psychosocial and environmental predictors of need for social work care management.

With increasing numbers of elderly people, and the escalating costs of health care, screening becomes increasingly important for identifying those older people with social health care needs who appear in their primary care physicians' offices. Many people are not aware of available social services. Families with serious social problems are not finding the help they need. The aim of this study was to develop and refine a questionnaire as a screening tool to identify elderly outpatients in primary care settings who are at high risk for psychological, social or environmental needs. This study identified those ten factors at each site which were most indicative that further intervention was needed. There were consistencies among the coordinators across sites in terms of what factors triggered intervention. Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) were more likely to be predictive of the coordinator's intervention than were other factors.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1997

Referred adolescents as young adults: the relationship between psychosocial functioning and personality disorder.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the functioning of young adults who had been referred for psychiatric treatment during adolescence. METHOD: A group of 145 adolescents referred at a mean age of 14 years were interviewed at a mean age of 20 years to ascertain their functioning and whether they suffered from a personality disorder. RESULTS: Having a personality disorder was associated with poor functioning at follow-up independently of adolescent diagnosis. Antisocial personalities were typified by problems with the law, a poor work record and early cohabitation, while other personality disorders were characterised by social isolation and problems in interpersonal relationships. Poor quality of the family environment and having received treatment during the follow-up period were the only developmental variables associated with poor functioning. CONCLUSIONS: Developing a personality disorder and having a poor family environment, rather than having an adolescent disorder, appear to be the factors that result in poor functioning in young adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Understanding gender differences in psychosocial functioning and treatment retention.

Although much research has compared males and females who seek substance abuse treatment, little attention has been given to factors that moderate or mediate relations between gender and dependent measures such as psychological functioning and retention. Consequently, this study examined whether family support, prior homelessness, embracement of the 12-step ideology, and attributions for addiction modified or accounted for these relations. Bivariate correlations showed that females reported less self-esteem and family support, as well as more self-blame and parental blame, than did their male counterparts. In contrast, males displayed more prior homelessness and less program completions than did the females. Multivariate analyses indicated that the relatively poor functioning of females was linked to lower family support and greater tendencies to blame themselves and their parents for their addictions. In addition, females were most likely to display low esteem when they engaged in high embracement of the 12-step ideology. On the other hand, the lower rate of program completion for males was linked to their higher rates of prior homelessness.

Adult↗