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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[A method for modelling retinal detachment].

A new method of retinal detachment simulation includes subretinal administration of ferromagnetic fluid with subsequent action from without by a permanent magnetic field. Retinal detachment was induced in 24 eyes of experimental animals. Of them, clinical picture of total high fibrous detachment of the retina was simulated in 16 eyes, and high rigid detachment occupying 2-3 quadrants of the eye fundus--in 8 eyes. Histologically, the induced retinal detachment was characterized by development of degenerative-proliferative processes in all eye coats. The proposed model allows to obtain different variants of "fresh" and "old" retinal detachments. It is highly reproducible, creates conditions for studying all aspects of pathogenesis of complicated forms of retinal detachment and for development of methods for its treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Changes in retinal electrical response due to different size of experimental retinal detachment].

To investigate the influence of the size of detachment to function of the detached retina, transretinal ERG (TR-ERG) was recorded from experimentally detached retina. Retinal detachment 4 or 8 mm in diameter was made by injecting sodium hyaluronate in the subretinal space. The TR-ERG was recorded for two hours from the detached retina by a double barreled microelectrode of which a longer tip entered into the subretinal space of the detached retina while a shorter one remained in the vitreous. Vitreal ERG (VERG) was simultaneously recorded between the shorter electrode and a scleral electrode. The b-wave amplitude of the TR-ERG recorded from the retina with 4 mm detachment decreased two hours after detachment, whereas the b-wave recorded from the retina with 8 mm detachment remarkably decreased 30 min after detachment and was stable up to two hours. There were no significant differences in amplitudes of VERG b-waves between 4 and 8 mm detachments during the experimental course. Less extensively detached retina maintained its function to a greater degree than the largely detached retina. The volume of the subretinal space may influence the viability of the detached retina by changing the concentration of nutrients.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Vitreous surgery in complicated retinal detachment].

Vitreous surgery in complicated retinal detachment has three main objectives: 1. elimination of traction and mobilization of the retina, 2. inner tamponade of the retina, 3. retinopexy. Pars plana vitrectomy with inner tamponade is indicated: 1. In rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, where vitreous hemorrhage or exsudate make the finding and localization of the retinal break impossible. 2. In rhegmatogenous retinal detachments, where the localization of the break in the posterior eye pole or the size of a giant tear prevent to close the retinal break by means of a cryosurgical procedure with episcleral plombage. 3. In retinal detachment complicated by advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy: in idiopathic rhegmatogenous detachment, tractional detachment after perforating injury, and in diabetic retinopathy. Vitreous surgery increased the limits of operability in complicated retinal detachments.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of massive periretinal proliferation in eyes with opaque media (triangular retinal detachment).

A triangular pattern of retinal detachment, as seen by B-scan ultrasonography in eyes with opaque media has been correlated with advanced massive periretinal proliferation (MPP). The ultrasonographic triangular configuration was created by a proliferative membrane that united detached retina anteriorly. Thirteen eyes with opaque media and a triangular retinal detachment by ultrasound had severe MPP at vitrectomy or enucleation. Twelve eyes with clear media with advanced MPP were also studies by B-scan ultrasonography and a triangular detachment could be demonstrated in each case. The finding of a triangular retinal detachment by B-scan ultrasonography in eyes with opaque media is diagnostic of advanced MPP. Eyes with this type of retinal detachment have a poor surgical prognosis even with modern vitrectomy techniques.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Atopic dermatitis. Retinal detachment associated with atopic dermatitis.

Retinal detachments occurred in six eyes of five patients suffering with atopic dermatitis. Retinal detachments occurred before cataract surgery in all but one eye. In each eye, a retinal dialysis was the cause of retinal detachment. Detachment of ciliary epithelium was present in five eyes and pars plana cysts were found in one eye. Retinal dialysis was one of the commonest features of retinal detachment associated with atopic dermatitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Retinal detachment with macular hole.

Retinal detachment with macular hole was treated by different methods. Intravitreal SF6 injection was helpful to seal the macular hole and reattach the retina. In cases of retinal detachment with macular hole and peripheral retinal tear, the retinal reattachment could be achieved by scleral buckling procedure. When vitreous traction adjacent to the macular hole or proliferative vitreoretinopathy was present, vitrectomy combined with internal temponade by SF6 gas injection was indicated. Failure of the operation was caused by inadequate removal of the vitreous traction and post-operative vitreoretinopathy. In a successful operation, visual acuity of 6/60 or better was found in eight of thirty-one patients. (25.8%)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Echography in the diagnosis and management of retinal detachment.

Sixty patients presenting with retinal detachment have been examined using a Nuclear Enterprises Diasonograph 4102; 25 with no identifiable cause (primary), the remainder due to causes such as vitreous haemorrhage, trauma, inflammatory eye disease, aphakia and neoplasm. In the diagnosis and management of retinal detachment echography has a definite but limited application, particularly in patients who have cloudy or opaque media and in whom detachment secondary to a malignant melanoma is suspected. In patients with trauma or vitreous haemorrhage important therapeutic considerations depend upon a precise knowledge of the structure of the globe and complicating features such as vitreous fibrosis or retinal detachment. In such patients the value of echo amplitude measurements in combination with B-scan echography is described. In primary retinal detachment because of vitreous haziness, the extent, size and degree of displacement of the retinal detachment may be more precisely demonstrated echographically than by conventional ophthalmoscopy, facilitating surgical management.

Choroid Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

[Pneumatic-retinopexy scleral buckling for retinal detachment].

30 eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment due to retinal tear at the upper half of the circumference or due to a macular hole underwent SF6 gas injection into the vitreous. In 25 eyes (83%) the retina had re-attached 1-2 days following the injection and the tear was then photocoagulated. Final visual acuity was 6/12 or better in 13 eyes, 6/15-6/20 in 4 eyes, 6/30-6/60 in 8 eyes and less than 6/60 in 5 eyes, 3 of which had a macular hole. There was no morbidity or irritation compared to conventional scleral buckling, and the functional results were better. 4 of the 5 failures underwent successful surgery. In only 1 eye the retina could not be attached by surgery. Pneumatic retinopexy can substitute for surgery in selected cases of retinal detachment.

Gases↗
PubMed1989

Juvenile retinal detachment as a complication of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy.

Retinal detachment occurred in 36 (20%) of 180 eyes of 90 individuals with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) from 17 families. FEVR can give rise to very different types of retinal detachment, such as rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, falciform retinal folds, PVR with formation of a retrolental membrane and exudative retinal detachment. All but one retinal detachment occurred before the age of 30. Traction from vitreous membranes seems to be the most important cause of retinal detachment; atrophy of the peripheral retina may contribute to the formation of retinal breaks. Subretinal exudation is a rare cause of FEVR retinal detachment.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Results of prevention of retinal detachment by using photocoagulation].

Prophylactic retinal photocoagulation (in order to prevent the retinal detachment) was performed in the Ophthalmological Department of Medical School in Poznań in the period 1980-1984 and 1987-1988 in 114 eyes, in the Ophthalmological Department in Halle in the period 1982-1983 in 160 eyes. Qualified for coagulation were following changes: holes in the upper quadrants, tears, lattice-like degeneration and vitreoretinal adhesions in the fellow-eye, in high myopia, in aphakia, in cases with subjective symptoms (flashes) or in cases with suspected family history (familial incidence of retinal detachment). In our material the percentage of retinal detachment in the fellow-eye amounted 3.5 p.c. In the Poznań Department in spite of performed prophylactic intervention retinal detachment occurred in 3 eyes, in Halle in 7.

Argon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Laser photocoagulation as a completion of the surgical treatment of retinal detachment].

Among 600 operated retinal detachments in the last 5 years (1985-1989) there was no tight closure of the retinal hole after operation in 78. The causes were: the implant situated paracentrally to the hole, lack of contact between the implant and the hole, an insufficient scar, additional hole. Various types of the performed surgery were analyzed: the meridional or parallel implant, the balloon and endotamponade with the SF6 gas, executed with and without drainage of the subretinal fluid. In cases in which in the postoperative course was detected a lack of tightness of the hole the laser photocoagulation was performed in the area of the flat retinal detachment on the implant in a couple of stages. A favourable result of photocoagulation was attained in 75 patients (96.2 p.c.); in the remaining 3 patients (3.8 p.c.) a second surgical procedure was performed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Microsurgery of aphakic retinal detachment.

73 consecutive aphakic retinal detachments were operated on by microsurgery combined with intra-operative biomicroscopic control of the ocular fundus. Retinal reattachment was achieved in 60 cases (82%), 59 eyes had only one operation. A visual acuity of 0.5 or better was achieved in 50% of all cases and in 57% of the cases which were not failures of previous conventional surgery. 69% of the eyes recovered the same visual acuity after surgery as before the occurrence of retinal detachment. One macular pigment migration and one cystoid macular edema were the only postoperative macular complications observed in this series.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Experimental retinal detachment. IV. Aqueous humor dynamics in rhegmatogenous detachments.

Unilateral rhegmatogenous retinal detachments were produced in 14 cynomolgus monkeys. A total vitrectomy was performed in the fellow eyes. Two groups of monkeys were studied two to four months and ten to 19 months after creation of the detachment. Aqueous flow was determined fluorimetrically from decay of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran 70 following anterior chamber injection. Outflow facility was measured by constant pressure perfusion. The intraocular pressure was 7.6 and 5.0 mm Hg lower in the detached eyes of the short- and long-term groups, respectively. Aqueous flow was reduced by 70% in the detached eyes of both groups. Outflow facility was slightly lower in the detached eyes (0.21 v 0.27 microL/min/mm Hg). Apparently, reduced aqueous humor formation accounts for hypotony in the detached eyes. However, shunting of posterior chamber aqueous into the subretinal space and across the blood-retinal barrier by a mechanism independent if IOP is possible.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Clinical predictors of retinal detachment after open globe injury].

BACKGROUND: A retinal detachment after open globe injury has important prognostic and therapeutic implications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To determine whether retinal detachment following open globe injury could be predicted by clinical factors, we retrospectively evaluated 52 patients (52 eyes) with open globe injury admitted to our department. The Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System was used. Only patients which open eye injuries were evaluated. The results were registered during the 7 days after the accident. RESULTS: In the week after the open globe injury, retinal detachment was present in 40.3 %. 100 % of the patients with previous cataract operation (with IOL) developed a retinal detachment (p < 0.01). Retinal detachment also correlated significantly with visual acuity less than hand movement and retained intraocular foreign bodies. 19 (95 %) of the 20 patients with a visual acuity less than hand movement had retinal detachment versus only 2 (9 %) patients with visual acuity of hand movement or better (p < 0.01). 6 (66.6 %) of the 9 patients with intraocular foreign bodies had retinal detachment compared to 15 (34.8 %) of the 46 patients without intraocular foreign bodies (p=0.01). Logistic regression analysis confirmed this variables as independent predictors of retinal detachment. CONCLUSION: We conclude that previous cataract operation, versus less than hand movement and the presence of intraocular foreign bodies are predictive to retinal detachment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Incidence and management of cataract after retinal detachment repair with silicone oil in immune compromised patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis.

PURPOSE: To determine the incidence of and risk factors for cataract and to describe the visual outcomes of cataract surgery in eyes with cytomegalovirus-related retinal detachments repaired with silicone oil. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: A prospectively generated database of all patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis examined at a single tertiary care institution was used to identify all cases of retinal detachment between October 1983 and August 1997. Data on retinal detachment repair, development of cataract, and outcomes of cataract surgery were obtained retrospectively. RESULTS: Among 904 eyes of 587 immune-compromised patients diagnosed with cytomegalovirus retinitis, 198 eyes of 155 patients developed retinal detachment. Among these, 106 eyes of 90 patients underwent retinal detachment repair with silicone oil. The Kaplan-Meier estimated median time to cataract was 1.8 months after surgery with silicone oil. The adjusted relative risk of cataract in eyes that underwent retinal detachment repair with silicone oil compared with eyes that did not was 6.74 (P <.0001). Eight of the eyes that developed cataract underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery by phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. Among these, six eyes experienced >or=2 lines of improvement in visual acuity. All developed posterior capsule opacification a median of 7 days after cataract surgery. Four of five eyes that that underwent neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser capsulotomy experienced >or=2 lines improvement in visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high incidence of cataract after surgery with silicone oil tamponade for cytomegalovirus-related retinal detachment. Posterior capsule opacification occurs rapidly after cataract surgery in these patients.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1977

Observations on the retinal pigment epithelium and retinal macrophages in experimental retinal detachment.

After experimental retinal detachment in rabbits macrophages are a prominent feature in the subretinal space or within the retina. Two sources for these macrophages are identified. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) may undergo metaplasia and actively 'bud'; the evolving macrophage is then formed by a vitreal protrusion of the cytoplasm of an RPE cell which is 'nipped off' by lateral protrusions from adjacent cells. In addition, in regions of RPE proliferation, blood-borne cells were found in Bruch's membrane and among the mass of proliferated RPE cells, suggesting that blood-borne cells may pass from the choroidal circulation through Bruch's membrane and the RPE layer.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Retinal detachment in the pseudophakic eye].

Retinal detachments in pseudophakic eyes and their diagnostic and therapeutic features are analyzed. The authors pointed out diagnostic problems in detection of changes on the fundus significant for the onset of retinal detachment and difficulties in the detection of retinal rupture as important elements for the successful outcome of surgical treatment. The most frequent intra and postoperative risk factors for the occurrence of retinal detachment in pseudophakic eyes are presented. We have analyzed 16 patients treated by conventional surgical procedures as well as by inner silicone oil tamponade following pars plana vitrectomy in the Clinic of Ophthalmology of the Military Medical Academy during 1999. Results of surgical treatment of retinal detachments in pseudophakic eyes are in correlation with treatment results presented by other authors.

Cataract Extraction↗