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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Effect of cooling therapy on the heart rate and mean arterial pressure of rats with the second-degree scald burn in hot and humid environment].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure MAP after immediate cooling therapy (ICT) in rats with superficial second-degree scald burn in hot and humid environment, and assess the effect of the cooling dressing materials. METHODS: Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomized equally into 4 groups including normal temperature control (NTC) group, normal temperature cooling therapy (NCT) group, hot and humid control (HHC) group and hot and humid cooling therapy (HCT) group. Different interventions were applied as indicated in the rats with superficial second-degree scald burn, with the dry bulb temperature Tdb at 26.33+/-1.29 degrees celsius; and relative humidity (rh) of 71.05%+/-4.57% for two normal temperature groups, and Tdb at 35.33+/-0.35 degrees Celsius; and rh of 70.81%+/-1.38% for the two hot and humid groups. The exposure time was 120 min in NCT and HCT groups, and the HR and MAP were measured every 20 min. RESULTS: MAP is not influenced by environmental temperature and the cooling therapy (P>0.05), whereas HR was higher in HHC than in NTC group and also in HCT than in NCT group (P=0.003), lower in HCT and NCT groups than in HHC and NTC groups (P=0.002), respectively. HR did not undergo any significant changes during the observation in the 4 groups (P>0.05). HR was higher in HHC and HCT than in NTC and NCT groups at 65, 85, 105 and 125 min after the burns, but compared with the two control groups, cooling therapy decreased HR at 5, 25, 45 and 85 min. CONCLUSION: Cooling therapy does not affect MAP but efficiently decreases HR, which may prevent further heat injury.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Defensin-5 and Matrilysin mRNA expression in the intestine of scalded rats and its relation to bacterial translocation].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of burn injury on the expression of rat defensin-5 (RD-5) and Matrilysin mRNA in the intestine of scalded rats and to determine its relation to bacterial translocation. METHODS: Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided randomly into sham injury group (n=8) and burn group (n=24). Rats of the burn group were subjected to 30% total body surface area (TBSA) full-thickness scald injury. At 8, 24 and 72 hours after the injury, the animals (n=8 at each time point) were sacrificed and ileum was sampled for the determination of the expression of RD-5 mRNA and Matrilysin mRNA with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. Cultures of mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), liver, spleen and lung were carried out at 24 hours after the injury to assess the rate of bacterial translocation to visceral organs,and the morphological changes in ileal Paneth cells were observed. RESULTS: The expression of RD-5 mRNA was significantly up-regulated at 8 hours when compared with control group. It was down-regulated sharply at 24 hours but was still higher than control group, and at 72 hours it was down-regulated to a level lower than control. On the contrary, the expression of Matrilysin mRNA was up-regulated continuously to 72 hours, and it was significantly higher than control. Bacterial translocation rate was significantly higher in rats of the burn group at 24 hours (58.3%) than in control group (8.3%, P<0.01), but there were no obvious morphological changes in ileal Paneth cells at the same time point. CONCLUSION: The expressions of both RD-5 mRNA and Matrilysin Mrna are up-regulated in the early stage after the injury, but their time phases are different. The phenomenon might imply that there is a host protective response against bacterial translocation.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Expression of keratinocyte basement membrane related genes during the process of re-epithelialization of burn wound in scalded rats].

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of keratinocyte (KC) basement membrane (BM) related genes during the process of re-epithelialization of burn wound in scalded rats with cDNA microarray technique. METHODS: Twenty-four SD rats were inflicted with deep partial thickness scald with an area of 45 cm(2) on the back, and they were randomly divided into A [3 postscald day (PSD)], B (10 PSD), C (14 PSD) and D (re-epithelialization complete day) groups, with 6 rats in each group. Tissue samples were harvested from 1 cm of wound margin on 3, 10 and 14 PSD. On the re-epithelialization complete day, tissue samples were harvested from the center of the wound in D group and digested with enzyme into KC suspensions. Skin samples from the back of 6 uninjured rats were taken as normal control. The differential expression of KC BM related genes during different stages of re-epithelialization was assayed with cDNA microarray. RESULTS: The expression of laminin (LN) gamma 1 (2.068) and integrin beta8 (2.200) was up-regulated on 3 PSD compared with that in control. The expression of integrin beta1 and LN receptor 1 was up-regulated on 10 and 14 PSD, (2.472 and 2.658), while that of integrin beta2 and beta1 (0.419 and 0.462) down-regulated on 10 and 14 PSD, and the expression of type IV collagen alpha1 and alpha3 was up-regulated during re-epithelialization. CONCLUSION: The expression of integrin beta1, LN gamma 1, LN receptor 1, type IV collagen alpha1 and alpha3 genes were up-regulated during re-epithelialization, which might be beneficial to the construction of BM in new skin and the formation of stable conjunction between KC and BM.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Effects of the cutaneous and blood contents of glucose on wound healing in diabetic rats with superficial partial thickness scalding].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of the cutaneous and blood contents of glucose on wound healing in diabetic rats with superficial partial thickness scalding. METHODS: 96 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into control group and STZ-induced diabetic group, inflicted with superficial partial thickness scalding of 10% TBSA on the back. The glucose content in the blood and wound tissue were evaluated before injury and at day 1, day 3, day 5, day 7, day 10 and day 14 after injury. Wound healing process in the rats was dynamically observed by naked eyes and histologically examined. The cell cycles of keratinocytes from wound site were determined before injury and at day 3, day 7 and day 10 after injury. RESULTS: The concentrations of blood glucose in diabetic wound was significant increased than normal group (27.28 mmol/L +/- 0.80 mmol/L vs. 4.65 mmol/L +/- 0.14 mmol/L, P < 0.01). The content of local glucose in wound tissue were significantly correlated with that in the blood (r = 0.881, P < 0.05). When compared with the control group, wound healing of the diabetic rats were delayed with the characteristics of impaired epithelialization and decreased. percentages of S stage and G(2)/M stages of keratinocytes. CONCLUSION: Local glucose content in diabetic wound was varied with blood glucose concentration. The increased glucose concentration in diabetic wound was attributed to the impaired wound healing in diabetes. High glucose concentration could inhibit the epithelialization and decrease the keratinocyte proliferation.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Influence of glucose-insulin-potassium on the levels of inflammatory cytokines and prognosis of MODS in the scalded rats].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of glucose-insulin-potassium treatment (GIK) on the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the scalded rats with MODS. METHODS: One hundred and twenty Sprague Dawley rats were inflicted with 30% TBSA full-thickness scalding, and MODS model was reproduced with intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin following burn injury. Then the rats were randomly divided into GIK, glucose (G) and control (C) groups, with 40 rats in each group. The serum contents of glucose, lactate acid, TNF-alpha, NO and IL-6 of the rats in the three groups were determined during 1 to 7 PSD, and the mortality rate within 7 PSD was observed. RESULTS: The serum contents of glucose, lactate acid, TNF-alpha, NO and IL-6 of the rats in the GIK group were obviously lower than those in the other two groups during 1 to 7 PSD (P < 0.01), and reached the lowest level at 6 to 7 PSD (TNF-alpha: 2.37 +/- 0.54 microg/L; IL-6: 0.28 +/- 0.17 microg/L; NO: 29 +/- 9 micromol/L). The content of glucose and lactate acid in G group were obviously higher than those in control group (P < 0.01), but the contents of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and NO content were similar between these two groups (P > 0.05). The mortality in GIK group within 7 PSD was 20.0%, which was evidently lower than that in G (37.5%) and C (47.5%) groups (P < 0.05), while that between G and C groups was similar (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The administration of GIK might ameliorate sepsis by reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokine after burns and endotoxin challenge.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Adolescent scar contracture scoliosis caused by back scalding during the infantile period.

To investigate the pathogenesis, clinical manifestation and treatment of the adolescent scar contracture scoliosis caused by back scalding during infancy. From August 1997 to May 2005, about 1300 patients with scoliosis received surgery in our department. Only four of them were diagnosed with adolescent scar contracture scoliosis. One patient was first treated with skin expansion, back scar excision, and skin flap transfer, followed with anterior correction with TSRH instrumentation. Two patients were first treated with back scar excision and anterior spinal release, then treated with posterior correction with TSRH instrumentation; thoracoplasty was performed after 50 days in halo-wheelchair traction. The other patient was treated with posterior correction with TSRH instrumentation. No management of scalding was performed on the fourth patient. Anterior release and posterior correction were performed at intervals of 3 weeks. The deformities of four patients were well corrected. The trunk balance was restored and the pelvis leveled. The skin incision wounds healed well. Minor loss of correction was recorded during the last follow-up.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Scalding among children caused by electric kettles. An increasing problem].

The object of this work is briefly to draw attention to a new type of accident as the cause of scalding in children. The increasing use of electric kettles has resulted in an increased number of scalding accidents caused by these kettles. Within a period of six months, eight children under the age of five years were treated in the Department for Burns, Hvidovre Hospital on account of overturned electric kettles, a form of accident which had not previously been observed in this department. All of the children had pulled the cable. Seven out of eight children were admitted to hospital and transplantations proved necessary in three children.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed1989

[Effects of non-lethal scalding on the density and affinity of beta adrenoreceptors in cardiac muscle in rats].

Our results indicate changes in both Bmax and KD of the beta-adrenergic receptors in the ventricular heart muscle of the rat, submitted to non-lethal scalding, even in the early posttraumatic period. The changes of heart, plasma and urine noradrenaline and adrenaline contents indicate significant increase in sympatho-adrenal activity after non-lethal scalding. The parallel changes of the beta-adrenergic receptor characteristics, which depend on the changes of catecholamines in the heart muscle and plasma only at certain time intervals after trauma, tend to preserve normal-control values.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Cross-infection during scalding and plucking of broiler chickens (author's transl)].

In two poultry-processing plants, experiments were carried out to detect cross-infection during scalding and plucking of broiler chickens. These trials showed that cross-infection was only detectable when experimental infection with the indicator micro-organism Escherichia coli K12 was applied externally to the broiler chickens. When infection was applied internally, only a small degree of transmission was observed. Indicator micro-organisms applied externally to broiler chickens prior to scalding and plucking, were present on the cooled product in larger numbers than those applied internally in the intestines of broilers. The number of carcasses which were positive after cooling was found to have decreased in poultry-processing plant B compared with the situation after plucking, whereas this number was not affected to any appreciable extent in processing plant A.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Neonatal staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome: massive outbreak due to an unusual phage type.

A massive outbreak of the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome due to an organism with an unusual phage pattern, occurred during a 115-day period and involved 68 newborns. Generalized exfoliative dermatitis was seen in 24 babies, and Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 23. Fourteen isolates were phage typed, with 13 reported as the epidemic strain 29/79/80/3A/3C/54/75. Eight babies had generalized scarlatiniform eruption without exfoliation (staphylococcal scarlet fever). Cultural data were available from six, all positive for S aureus. Four organisms were typed and reported as the epidemic strain. Of 34 infants with bullous impetigo 20 had cultures that were positive for S aureus, and four were phage typed, revealing the epidemic strain. Illness was mild in all patients; there were no deaths and no invasive forms of staphylococcal infection. The male to female ratio of generalized exfoliative disease was 5:1. The concept of a neonatal staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, comprised of a triad of skin disorders induced by an exotoxin elaborated by certain strains of coagulase positive S aureus, is confirmed.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed1983

Criteria for the diagnosis of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in adults.

The diagnosis of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is usually made upon the bases of characteristic skin lesions and the isolation of toxin-producing staphylococci. However, these criteria are not always reliable. An adult patient with characteristic skin lesions was colonized with phage group 2 staphylococci. The patient was subsequently found to have a drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis. The criteria necessary for the diagnosis of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome are reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Fatal adult respiratory distress syndrome in a scalded child after immunization with attenuated virus (measles, mumps and rubella).

A fatal adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurred in a 15-month-old child who had suffered minor scalding during the febrile response to combined attenuated virus immunization (measles, mumps and rubella [MMR]). Despite vigorous efforts the child died 26 days after the accident. It is suggested that the scalding suppressed the normal immune response to the viremia and that the latter (i.e. most likely the measles viremia) caused the lung damage which, in turn, led to the ARDS. Histologically the lung presented a peculiar change with fibroblastic nodules, vessel wall inflammation and signs as observed in ARDS.

Burns↗
PubMed1995

[Multiple organ injury after delayed fluid resuscitation in severely scalded rats: role of oxygen free radicals].

Sixty gnotobiotic rats with 5 strains of bacteria in intestine were randomized to 4 groups: (1) Sham injury group (controls, n = 6). (2) Early fluid resuscitation (EFR) group (n = 24), receiving fluid resuscitation (Parkland formula) immediately after scald (40% TBSA, third degree). (3) Delayed fluid resuscitation (DFR) group (n = 24) receiving resuscitation 6 hours later after scald. (4) Treatment group (n = 12) receiving DFR and the therapy of VitC and VitE. At 8, 24, 48 and 72 hours after injury, the animals (n = 6, at each point) were sacrificed and the content of oxygen free radicals (OFR), SOD,GSHPx and MDA in the heart, liver, kidney and lung were determined. Morphological Changes of organs, PaO2, PaCO2 and the content of serum CPK, LDH, GPT, GOT, BUN and Cr were also examined. Both EFR and DFR groups demonstrated elevated content of OFR and MDA and reduced content of SOD and GSHPx in their organs. Morphological and serological changes were also observed. All these changes were more obvious in DFR group than in EFR group. After the treatment of VitC and VitE, the changes were ameliorated. Our results suggested that DFR induced the production of OFR, resulting in lipid peroxidation and that OFR injury might be one of the main factors in the pathogenesis of multiple organ injury after DFR.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Experimental study on cytoplasmic free calcium and antigen presentation function of peritoneal macrophage following severe scald].

A dynamic observation of cytoplasmic free calcium concentration (PM phi [Ca2+]i) and antigen presentation (AP) function was made in severely scalded mice. The results showed that [Ca2+]i of unstimulated PM phi in vitro increased significantly at 12, 24 and 72h postburn (PB), and the [Ca2+]i of PM phi stimulated by A23187 in vitro was also increased but not statistically significant at the same time points. These results suggested that PM phi was activated in vivo, even in a highly or over activated state. Severe scald caused the obvious depression of AP function of PM phi. This phenomenon, not only appearing very early but also persisting for a long time, might become the key factor of suppression of specific immune function PB. The changes in M phi activity in vivo might be the basic event of the M phi dysfunction after severe burns.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1993

[The use of Chinese traditional medicines to improve impaired immune functions in scald mice].

For the purpose of searching for immunomodulators, this experiment studied the effects of 6 kinds of Chinese traditional herbs on the restoration of the suppressed immune functions in scald mice, including cell-mediated, humoral and non-specific immunity. All control non-treated scald mice showed definite depression of immune functions in various degrees. Polygonum cuspidatum, Taraxacum officinale and Oidenlandia diffusa (wild) roxb showed immunomodulating effects as measured with 3 immunological parameters. But the effects varied according to the dosage of drugs. Rehmannia glutinosa gave definite improving effects on cell-mediated and non-specific immunity, but no significant effect on humoral immunity, while Gui Ling Gao only showed some effect on humoral immunity.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1997

Reducing the incidence of tap-water scalds: strategies for physicians.

Burns are a significant cause of severe injury and death. Scalds, including those from hot tap water, are one of the most common causes of burns, especially in vulnerable populations (children, elderly people and people with physical and cognitive disabilities). Although people generally recognize the danger associated with hot tap water, many are unaware of the short exposure periods that can result in serious burns. Tap-water scalds are preventable. Both active and passive prevention measures are beneficial in reducing this serious health hazard. Physicians are in a unique position to disseminate information on the danger of hot tap water and on ways to eliminate the risk to vulnerable populations. Not only do physicians have contact with these populations, they also have credibility as a source of health information for the public.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[An experimental study on injury of intestinal immuno-barrier in rat after scald].

A dynamic observation on injury of intestinal immuno-barrier in scalded rat was performed to investigate the relationship between the injury of intestinal immuno-barrier and bacterial translocation. After 40% TBSA third degree scald, a decrease of IgA in intestinal content and the number of CD3+ and CD4+ T lymphocyte, and reduction of IgA coat rate of intestinal bacteria were observed. At the same time, an increase in the incidence of bacterial translocation was detected. The results indicated that intestinal immuno-barrier was damaged and its protective function was weakened after an extensive thermal injury, and it suggested that the injury of intestinal immuno-barrier might play an important role on the development of postburn bacterial translocation and postburn sepsis.

Animals↗