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PubMed2026

A prospective pharmacokinetic interaction study between rifampicin and fusidic acid for the treatment of staphylococcal infections.

OBJECTIVE: Fusidic acid with rifampicin is used for the treatment of severe staphylococcal infection, particularly prosthetic joint infections. Previous studies using twice daily fusidic acid showed rifampicin increases fusidic acid clearance, potentially causing sub-therapeutic concentrations. It is uncertain whether this occurs with three-times daily dosing. This study sought to re-evaluate this potential drug-drug interaction. METHODS: In this prospective, open-label drug-drug interaction population pharmacokinetic (PK) study, participants were randomized to receive fusidic acid or rifampicin for 24 hours, followed by combination therapy for the duration of treatment. Drug concentration assays used liquid-chromatography mass spectroscopy on dried blood spots. Population PK models were built for fusidic acid, rifampicin and 25-desacetyl rifampicin. RESULTS: Ten participants were recruited. Inter-individual variability for both absorption (98.1%) and clearance (77.8%) were high for fusidic acid. A population pharmacokinetic model for fusidic acid revealed that early autoinhibition dominated over later rifampicin-mediated induction, resulting in a net decrease in fusidic acid clearance. The mean fusidic acid area under the curve during each dosing interval (AUCτ) at steady state was 1.76-fold [0.049, 34.918] higher relative to Day 1, despite high uncertainty.Large inter-individual (110%) variability in absorption was observed for rifampicin. There was no apparent effect on rifampicin metabolism by fusidic acid co-administration, however, fusidic acid decreased clearance of 25-desacetyl rifampicin. CONCLUSION: In patients treated with fusidic acid three times daily in combination with rifampicin, autoinhibition potentially counteracted rifampicin induction such that fusidic acid concentrations were not reduced. Rifampicin clearance was not affected by fusidic acid, but 25-desacetyl rifampicin clearance was decreased. There was large inter-individual variability in the observed concentrations and final parameter estimates.

Fusidic Acid↗
PubMed1988

[Effect of terrilytin on the activity of nonspecific resistance factors during immunization with staphylococcal anatoxin and staphylococcal infection].

Terrilytin and immobilized terrilytin enhance the activity and intensity of phagocytosis and increase the concentration of lysozyme in nonimmunized animals. Both preparations increase the production of antibodies to staphylococcal alpha-hemolysin, the titers of beta-lysins, the activity and intensity of the phagocytosis of bacterial cells by peripheral blood leukocytes in animals immunized with staphylococcal toxoid and challenged with live staphylococcal culture. In healthy animals terrilytin and immobilized terrilytin induce an increase in total proteolytic activity and in the activity of alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-2-macroglobulin, decreased as the result of staphylococcal infection.

Amylases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The indices of interleukin 1, 2 and 4 production and the specific antibody titers in mice with an opposite sensitivity to staphylococcal infection].

The data on a high level of interleukin production in mice, resistant to staphylococcal infection (CBA), in comparison with that in mice, sensitive to this infection (C3HA), are presented. The production of interleukin 1 in intact and infected mice of different strains exhibited no differences between these strains, but its level considerably increased after the inoculation of the animals. A the same time differences in the synthesis of IgM and IgG1 in intact and infected mice of different strains were noted.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Staphylococcal infection superimposed on guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis.

We have studied the effect of superimposed staphylococcal infection on guinea pigs who had inclusion conjunctivitis. Although the acute phase of the inclusion disease was slightly more intense in the superinfected group, the course and duration were unaltered. We did not find any reactivation of the inclusion disease from the subconjunctival injection of glucocorticoid.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1957

Staphylococcic infections in children.

Over 50 per cent of all staphylococcic infections are hospital-acquired. In 92 per cent of hospital-acquired infection, the organism is resistant to penicillin, and in 74 per cent to tetracycline.Chloramphenicol, bacitracin, novobiocin and erythromycin are the drugs of choice for therapy. There was good correlation between clinical response and antibiotic therapy selected on the basis of results of organism sensitivity tests done by the agar diffusion technique.Cross-resistance among the tetracyclines averaged 94 per cent. Erythromycin and magnamycin showed similar pattern. Mortality in infants less than two months old was 7.8 per cent as compared with 1.1 per cent in older children. Death was related either to pneumonia or to septicemia in the ten fatalities recorded in this series.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

[Staphylococcal infection in guinea pigs sensitized with a commercial staphylococcal allergen].

Guinea pigs, previously injected with commercial staphylococcal allergen to induce delayed hypersensitivity, were infected by the intramuscular injection of S. aureus in a nonlethal dose. For control, the animals receiving only S. aureus were used. The dynamic study of the degree of septicemia and some lymphocytic characteristics in the animals was made. The study revealed that delayed hypersensitivity did not aggravate the course of the main disease; on the contrary, it rendered protection against the subsequent infection. Increased resistance to infection was manifested by a decrease in the degree of septicemia, determined from the decreased number of colony-forming units of S. aureus in the splenic tissue as assessed by inoculation into agar, as well as from a higher level of the activation of lymphocytes as assessed by rosette formation.

Allergens↗
PubMed1980

[Importance of sanitary-antiepidemic measures in preventing staphylococcal infections in maternity hospitals].

The results of the realization of antistaphylococcal measures in maternity hospitals, carried out under the guidance and control of the sanitary and epidemiological service, are presented. The sanitary and epidemiological station registered each case of staphylococcal infection in nursing mothers and infants and investigated its epidemiological aspects. The exposure of the causes responsible for the disease allowed to take up the necessary antiepidemic measures in due direction, thus preventing the spread of hospital infections.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1984

[Fibroblast phosphatase activity in the staphylococcal infection process].

The study of the phosphatase activity of chick fibroblasts in the process of staphylococcal infection by the electron-histochemical method has revealed the presence of correlation between the degree of cytoplasmic destruction in fibroblasts and the level of acid phosphatase activity. Changes in the phosphatase activity of fibroblasts in the process of bacterial infection, depending on the presence of homologous bacteriophages in the system used as a model, have also been studied.

Acid Phosphatase↗