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PubMed1992

[Immunological and serological tests useful for diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis].

There are four areas of laboratory medicine engaged in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. They are serological tests for diagnosis of infection, tests for autoantibodies, analysis of serum proteins and lymphocyte function tests, including surface markers. In these areas except for diagnosis of infection, marked development has been achieved in the recent ten years. Enumerating roughly, I like to point out quantitative tests of rheumatoid factor, precise examinations for antinuclear antibodies, recent method for electrophoresis of serum protein and monoclonal antibodies for lymphocyte surface markers. Diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis has became more precise and reliable by using these laboratory tests. In addition, effective tools are available to approach pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis through management of RA patients. An outline of these recent laboratory tests, useful for diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis is presented.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1976

Comparison of counter-immunoelectrophoresis with other serological tests in the diagnosis of human brucellosis.

Sera from 65 persons with clinical brucellosis were employed in a comparison of standard and rapid serological tests. The results obtained with the Rose Bengal test correlated very well with those of the standard tube agglutination test, whereas results with the rapid plate agglutination test and the Coombs (antiglobulin) test were inferior. Absorption of patients' sera with specific anti-human immunoglobulin sera showed that IgM was active in the Rose Bengal test but not in the Coombs test, whereas IgG and IgA were active in both tests. In addition to the A & M antigen, which plays the most important role in the agglutination, Rose Bengal, and Coombs tests, other antigenic fractions of Brucella were examined in precipitation tests. A protein antigen reacted with 94% of the sera in counter-immunoelectrophoresis. On the basis of the results with both groups of sera, the Rose Bengal test and counter-immunoelectrophoresis appear to be the most promising methods for diagnosing clinical brucellosis. The tests differ qualitatively since different Brucella antigens are employed.

Brucellosis↗
PubMed2002

Enhancing the efficiency of Epstein-Barr viral serologic test in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficiency of concurrent application of VCA-IgA, EA-IgA and EA-IgG serological tests in diagnosing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS: The sera of 266 untreated NPC patients and 347 healthy adults were collected. In addition to the conventional immunoenzymatic method of VCA-IgA test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was adopted as an alternative to test the antibody level of EA-IgG and EA-IgA. A new statistical formula was used to evaluate the odds ratio of different combinations of these three tests. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of VCA-IgA, EA-IgG and EA-IgA concurrently were as high as 95.11% and 97.41%, respectively, which were higher than those of single test (90.60% and 94.52% for VCA-IgA, 93.98% and 93.66% for EA-IgG, 89.84% and 88.18% for EA-IgA). Furthermore, the odds ratio of 3-test positivity (1 912.5) was higher than those of 2-test positivity (27.903 2 for VCA-IgA and EA-IgG, 11.169 0 for EA-IgG and EA-IgA, 8.032 8 for VCA-IgA and EA-IgA), which were even higher than those of 1-test positivity (0.121 4 for VCA-IgA, 0.170 5 for EA-IgG and 0.048 8 for EA-IgA). CONCLUSION: ELISA is more accurate in reflecting the antibody level of EA-IgG and EA-IgA than the conventional immunoenzymatic method. The concurrent application of VCA-IgA, EA-IgG and EA-IgA test can markedly improve the sensitivity, specificity and odds ratio as well, thus resulting in enhancing the efficiency of diagnosing nasopharyngeal carcinoma serologically.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Comparison of culture, PCR, and different serologic tests for detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae infections.

In this study, the technical performance of culture, two commercially available polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, rapid plate agglutination (RPA) test, hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, and eight commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were compared for the detection of avian mycoplasma infections from 3 days postinfection (d.p.i.) through 35 d.p.i. The tests were carried out on samples from specified pathogen-free layers that were infected at 66 wk of age with recent Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) field strains, MS and MG ATCC strains, and Mycoplasma imitans (MIM), respectively. Results showed a high percentage of positive samples in the homologous infected groups and a high percentage of negative samples (100%) in the uninfected and heterologous infected groups during 35 d.p.i. of both culture and PCR tests. For the group infected with the MG 15302 ATCC strain, serology was more sensitive than bacteriology. All MG and MS tests, with the exception of MG ELISA kit D showed a lower percentage of positive samples during 35 d.p.i. for the detection of the MG and MS ATCC strain infection compared with that of the field strains. Also, the number of cross-reactions (false positives) in the serologic tests was lower after infection with an ATCC strain than after an infection with the MG or MS field strain. Contradictory to other studies, the ELISAs and the RPA test using undiluted serum showed a relatively high number of false-positive results. The MG ELISAs (except ELISA kit D) showed more false-positive results (up to 37%) in the MIM-infected group than in the MS-infected groups. This was not unexpected, as MIM and MG have a close antigenic relationship. The results of the serologic tests in this study showed that a certain level of false-positive results can be expected in about any serologic test. Although the level of false-positive results varied between several serologic tests, this study showed that it is not advisable to rely completely on one test (system) only.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed2002

[Serological tests for detection of fungal infection connected with prolonged antibiotic treatment after valve replacement].

UNLABELLED: In recent years substantial progress has been seen in the development of approaches and methods for serological diagnosis of the mycosis. The aim of our study was to assess the clinical usefulness of serological tests for fungal infection in pts who underwent prolonged antibiotic therapy after valve replacement. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The group consisted of 27 pts after valve replacement with prolonged antibiotic therapy (6-12 weeks) due to infective endocarditis (22 pts) or sternal infection (5 pts). The samples of blood were taken 10 days after antibiotics were started and next every 10 days. Serological techniques for the diagnosis of Candidiasis consisted of antibody detection to: the cell wall polysaccharide antigen (test A), cytoplasmic protein antigen (test B) and the germ tube antigens (test C). RESULTS: Patients were divided in 3 groups due to the kinetics of the antibody responses to the Candida antigen: 1. pts with normal level of antibody during antibiotic treatment--they didn't required antifungal therapy, 2. pts with increasing level of antibody needed antifungal treatment, 3. pts with increasing kinetics of antibody responses during antibiotic and antifungal treatment needed the change of antifungal therapy, 4. Control group (pts before cardiac surgery without any sign of fungal infection). Antibody to the cytoplasmic antigen was detected infrequently. The presence of antibody to the cytoplasmic antigen was correlated with the patient clinical outcome and prognosis and necessity for change of antifungal therapy. One pt died after valve replacement due to valve dysfunction because of fungal endocarditis. CONCLUSIONS: Serological tests for Candidiasis can be a useful marker of fungal infection, prognosis and treatment in pts required prolonged antibiotic therapy after valve replacement.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

[Serologic tests for syphilis--yesterday, today, tomorrow].

After an historical survey, the various modern serologic tests for syphilis are dealt with. The humoral immunological phenomena, which develop in a certain chronological order, antilipoidal (non-specific) and antitreponemal (specific) antibodies of the classes IgM and IgG are presented. Particularly the demonstration of specific antitreponemal antibodies of the IgM class has opened up new perspectives in the serologic diagnostics of syphilis. For the present, screening examinations and the confirmation of the diagnosis are the domain of the specific tests (TPHA, FTA), while for the assessment of the therapy effect and of reinfection the unspecific tests (VDRL) are still to be employed.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1997

Pitfalls in diagnosis of Lyme disease. What you need to know about serologic testing.

Lyme disease can be difficult to recognize because not all patients have erythema migrans or other classic symptoms. Therefore, laboratory testing has become an important aid to clinical diagnosis. But the story doesn't end there-serologic testing presents another set of problems and concerns. Drs. Still and Ryan explain how aspects of the disease itself and various factors inherent in the available tests can affect laboratory results.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗