SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Soft Computing”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

Residual lateral wall defects following sinus grafting with recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 or Bio-Oss in the chimpanzee.

Sinus grafting procedures are a viable means of ensuring adequate bone for the placement of dental implants in the posterior maxilla. In the quest to improve predictability and accelerate the time line toward receiving a final prosthesis, researchers have turned to recombinant human proteins like osteogenic protein-1 for the potential to therapeutically enhance bone formation. Bilateral sinus augmentations were performed in 15 adults chimpanzees to evaluate treatment with different doses of the osteogenic protein-1 device or natural bone mineral (Bio-Oss). Methods of evaluation included soft tissue healing, radiography (computed tomographic scan), histology, residual lateral wall defect surface area at 7.5 months, and the extent of soft tissue encleftation at 7.5 months. Findings revealed radiographic and histologic evidence of bone formation with all treatment groups and a statistically significant reduction in the depth of soft tissue encleftation and the residual lateral wall defect surface area for both the Bio-Oss and the 2.5-mg osteogenic protein-1 per gram collagen matrix treatments when compared to collagen matrix alone. These results suggest that Bio-Oss and the 2.5-mg osteogenic protein-1 per gram collagen matrix effectively stimulate bone formation in the maxillary sinus.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1992

Spiral versus conventional CT in soft tissue diagnosis.

Spiral volumetric computed tomography (SVCT) has been predicted to improve vascular and organ enhancement with little effect on image quality. To see if this was the case, we studied 100 patients referred for computed tomography where we would normally have performed dynamic incremental computed tomography (DICT). Patients were randomly allocated to undergo either standard DICT or SVCT. The resulting images were analysed for overall quality, the degree of contrast medium enhancement and the extent of artefacts associated with the technique. No statistically significant difference in overall image quality between SVCT and DICT was found, apart from images of the hepatic parenchyma where the quality was significantly worse on SVCT (P < 0.05) due to the low mA permissible. Contrast enhancement was better with SVCT, although only for the thorax (P < 0.01) and the group taken as a whole (P < 0.01) did this improvement reach statistical significance. There was no statistically significant difference between the extent of artefacts observed in the two techniques. As expected, all acquisition times were shorter using SVCT. The benefits of SVCT have been well described and include the absolute contiguity of the reconstructed images and the ability to obtain many images at peak contrast enhancement. We have confirmed the latter effect. We are now also satisfied that there is no appreciable loss of overall image quality except where large volumes of solid tissue are being examined (e.g. liver).

Algorithms↗

PubMed2005

Enhanced pre-computed finite element models for surgical simulation.

Soft tissue modeling is an important component in effective surgical simulation systems. A pre-computed finite element method based on elastic models is well suited to modeling soft tissue deformation. This paper addresses two principal issues: the flexibility of the pre-computed FE method and the approximation approach to non-linear elastic models. We describe a dynamic mechanism of the reconfiguration of the contacted nodes and the fixed boundary, without re-computing the inverse of the global stiffness matrix. The flexibility of the pre-computed models is described for both linear and non-linear elastic models.

Canada↗

PubMed2003

Interaction potentials for soft and hard ellipsoids.

Using results from colloid science we derive interaction potentials for computer simulations of mixtures of soft or hard ellipsoids of arbitrary shape and size. Our results are in many respects reminicent of potentials of the Gay-Berne type but have a well-defined microscopic interpretation and no adjustable parameters. Since our potentials require the calculation of similar variables, the modification of existing simulation codes for Gay-Berne potentials is straightforward. The computational performance should remain unaffected.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2002

Accuracy of interpretation of CT scans: comparing PACS monitor displays and hard-copy images.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the relative diagnostic accuracy of radiologists in the interpretation of CT scans using a computer workstation in comparison with using film. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four board-certified radiologists with extensive soft-copy experience interpreted 117 CT scans in four anatomic regions using films displayed on an alternator and images displayed on a four-monitor workstation. The radiologists were asked to interpret the scans in their usual fashion and were aware that both the time required to review the study and the accuracy of the reports were being assessed. The radiologists' diagnostic impressions were compared with those of a consensus panel and scored for accuracy. RESULTS: Soft-copy interpretation using computer workstations was found to produce statistically significant improvement in combined measurements of sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy for chest, brain, and chest-abdominal CT scans compared with film interpretation. CONCLUSION: PACS (picture archiving and communication system) offers radiologists the potential for improved accuracy in CT interpretation compared with traditional film-based interpretation.

Brain↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Parosteal lipoma of the finger: preoperative evaluation with computed tomography.

Lipomas are very common benign soft tissue neoplasms arising from fatty tissue and may occur anywhere in the body. They are usually slow growing, painless masses often noted in the extremities of adult women. Occurrence in the hands and feet is unusual and those found in the digits are extremely rare. We describe a case of a lipoma presenting as a soft tissue mass of the index finger and show how computed tomography was extremely helpful in preoperative assessment by accurately defining the size of the lesion, the degree of bone involvement, and even giving indication of its underlying pathology.

Fingers↗

PubMed1994

Evaluation of the injured cervical spine: comparison of conventional and storage phosphor radiography with a hybrid cassette.

PURPOSE: To compare conventional and storage phosphor radiography of the injured cervical spine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-five patients underwent imaging in a supine position while wearing a cervical collar. Matched storage phosphor and conventional lateral cervical spine radiographs were obtained with an 18 x 24-cm hybrid cassette. Edge-enhanced and nonenhanced copies of each computed radiograph were printed on film, and the images were sent via a computer network to a remote imaging workstation. Four radiologists read the conventional radiographs, the two hard-copy computed radiographs, and the soft-copy images and used a binary scale to score the visibility of bone and soft-tissue structures. RESULTS: All readers scored better in all areas with computed radiographs, and a statistically significant (P = .030) improvement in performance was seen for soft-tissue structures. CONCLUSION: Storage phosphor imaging offers advantages over conventional radiography, and digital images may be a viable alternative to film.

Cervical Vertebrae↗

PubMed1994

Central squamous cell carcinoma of the mandible. Computed tomographic findings.

Five cases of central squamous cell carcinoma of the mandible were investigated with the use of computed tomography. Bucco-lingual extent and spread along the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve were evaluated. Three patients with trismus showed involvement of the masseter or medial pterygoid muscle on computed tomography. Involvement of more than two landmarks along the trigeminal nerve were observed in cases with both paresthesia of the lower lip and severe pain that resembled neuralgia. Perineural invasion was confirmed histologically in four cases, and all of these patients had both severe pain and mandibular canal involvement that could be demonstrated with computed tomography. When localized soft tissue changes are evident along the course of the trigeminal nerve in the region between the mandibular foramen and foramen ovale, ascending perineural spread should be suspected. Computed tomography findings correlated well with clinical symptoms but added information about the spread of the lesion within the surrounding soft tissue.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Early diagnosis of septic arthritis of the sacroiliac joint by use of computed tomography.

Two cases of suspected septic arthritis of the sacroiliac joint with normal radiographs and nuclide scans were investigated by computed tomography. Bone and soft tissue abnormalities consistent with septic arthritis were found. Diagnosis was confirmed by needle aspiration of the sacroiliac joint. Computed tomography may be useful in the early diagnosis of the sacroiliac joint when plain radiographs and nuclide scans are normal.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

[Unusual muscle variant in the differential diagnosis of a soft tissue tumor].

A rare variant of the plantar muscle is the formation of a good-sized muscle-belly in the lower third of the lower leg. This venter distalis m. plantaris may be wrongly diagnosed, both clinically and by computed tomography, as a soft tissue tumour if it occurs unilaterally.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Contrast-enhanced three-dimensional helical CT for soft tissue tumors in the extremities.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of contrast-enhanced three-dimensional (3D) helical computed tomography (CT) to image soft tissue tumors in the extremities. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Forty-five consecutive patients with soft tissue tumors in the extremities were examined (mean age 46.2 years; 24 females, 21 males). Twenty-five patients had benign lesions and 20 had malignant lesions. All the patients underwent contrast-enhanced 3DCT scanning and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging preoperatively. All patients were surgically treated. Spiral CT scanning was performed with intravenous contrast enhancement. 3D reconstruction images were produced after thresholding, using Active-Windows (version 2.0, General Electric, Milwaukee, WI) software. 3DCT findings were compared in a masked fashion with the MR imaging and surgical findings regarding bone and major vessel invasion by the tumors. RESULTS: Forty-four of 45 tumors were satisfactorily imaged for the interpretation of their size, location and relationship to the skeleton and major vessels. One malignant tumor was judged on 3DCT to invade the major vessel, but the vessel proved to be normal at surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Contrast-enhanced 3D helical CT can be used for the evaluation of soft tissue tumors in the extremities, for preoperative surgical planning.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

A combined FEM/genetic algorithm for vascular soft tissue elasticity estimation.

Tissue elasticity reconstruction is a parameter estimation effort combining imaging, elastography, and computational modeling to build maps of soft tissue mechanical properties. One application is in the characterization of atherosclerotic plaques in diseased arteries, wherein the distribution of elastic properties is required for stress analysis and plaque stability assessment. In this paper, a computational scheme is proposed for elasticity reconstruction in soft tissues, combining finite element modeling (FEM) for mechanical analysis of soft tissues and a genetic algorithm (GA) for parameter estimation. With a model reduction of the discrete elasticity values into lumped material regions, namely the plaque constituents, a robust, adaptive strategy can be used to solve inverse elasticity problems involving complex and inhomogeneous solution spaces. An advantage of utilizing a GA is its insistence on global convergence. The algorithm is easily implemented and adaptable to more complex material models and geometries. It is meant to provide either accurate initial guesses of low-resolution elasticity values in a multi-resolution scheme or as a replacement for failing traditional elasticity estimation efforts.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2026

A reinforcement learning-enhanced fuzzy multi-objective equilibrium optimization framework for multiple sequence alignment.

Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is a fundamental task in bioinformatics, underpinning comparative genomics, structural analysis, and evolutionary inference. However, MSA remains a challenging multi-objective optimization problem due to the need to simultaneously maximize alignment accuracy, preserve conserved regions, and control gap proliferation, particularly in large and heterogeneous sequence collections. In this work, we propose MOFSACEO-MSA, a novel hybrid optimization framework for multiple sequence alignment that integrates a fuzzy multi-objective evaluation scheme with the Equilibrium Optimizer (EO) and a Soft Actor-Critic (SAC)-based adaptive control mechanism. The proposed framework formulates MSA as a dynamic multi-objective optimization problem, in which alignment quality is assessed using complementary residue-level and column-level criteria, including Sum-of-Pairs score, column conservation, entropy, and gap statistics. Fuzzy membership functions are employed to harmonize competing objectives into a unified optimization landscape, while EO provides robust global exploration. To further enhance adaptability, SAC dynamically regulates key EO parameters during the search process, enabling an effective balance between exploration and exploitation across datasets of varying size and heterogeneity. Extensive experiments werew conducted on diverse biological sequence datasets, with a primary focus on RNA benchmarks, including structured families from Rfam, large-scale repositories from RNAcentral and GenBank, and organism-specific tRNA datasets from GtRNAdb. Comparative evaluations against classical alignment tools (ClustalW, MAFFT, MUSCLE, PRANK, KAlign, and T-Coffee), metaheuristic methods (SAGA, Sequoya and EAFSA), and a reinforcement learning-based approach (RLALIGN) demonstrate that MOFSACEO-MSA consistently achieves competitive or superior Sum-of-Pairs scores while significantly reducing gap proportions and maintaining compact alignment lengths. Notably, the proposed framework exhibits improved robustness on large and highly heterogeneous datasets, where existing methods often suffer from excessive gap insertion or unstable convergence. Overall, MOFSACEO-MSA provides a flexible and extensible optimization paradigm that effectively bridges evolutionary search and reinforcement learning for high-quality multiple sequence alignment, with demonstrated effectiveness on challenging RNA alignment tasks.

Sequence Alignment↗

PubMed1997

[The analysis of frontal facial soft tissue of normal native adult of han race of Guangdong province by using the computer assisted photogrammetric-system].

UNLABELLED: The authors analysed the feature of frontal facial soft tissue of 150 native adults of Guangdong province by using the computer assisted photogrammetric-system made by the authors, which contained several new mode parameters planed by the authors. THE RESULTS: 1. The mean measurements of six parameters (Sn-Mes, Gs-Mes, Exr-Exl, Enr-Enl. [symbol: see text]Zyr-Rc-Mes, [symbol: see text]Zyl-Lc-Mes.) of the male subjects were larger than those of the female subjects, and the mean measurements of two parameters (Zyr-Zyl/Gs-Mes, Rc-Lc/Gs-Mes) of the male subjects were smaller than the ones of the female subjects. 2. The four measurements (Tr-Mes, Gs-Sn, Zyr-Zyl, Chr-Chl) in both male and female subjects of Guangdong province were smaller than the ones of Sichuan and Shandong provinces, and one measurement (Tr-Gs) of Guangdong male subjects was also smaller than the one of Sichuan or Shandong province, and one measurement of Guangdong female subjects smaller than the one of Shandong province. The conclusions: 1. The normal native adults of han race of Guangdong province show sex-difference and region-difference in the feature of frontal facial soft tissue. 2. The new-mode parameters (such as: [symbol: see text]Zyr-RC-Mes, [symbol: see text]Zyl-Lc-Mes, Zyr-Zyl/Gs-Mes, Rc-Lc/Gs-Mes) are helpful in studying the feature of frontal facial soft tissue.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Clinical and computed tomographic characteristics of amyloid tumor of the lacrimal gland.

BACKGROUND: Lacrimal gland masses, whose soft-tissue contour analysis, on computed tomographic (CT) scanning, shows molding to surrounding orbital structures, include inflammatory and lymphoproliferative lesions. The authors present a patient with orbital amyloidosis isolated to the lacrimal gland who also demonstrates this specific CT presentation. In addition, the literature on this rare condition is reviewed, and characterization of the typical presentation is provided. METHODS: A retrospective review of the four previously reported patients and the authors' additional patient with amyloid tumor of the lacrimal gland was performed. A summary of the clinical characteristics of the disorder was formulated. Special attention was given to to the unique CT findings of the authors' patient. RESULTS: Five patients with amyloid tumor of the lacrimal gland have been described. All patients have been women, with average age of 53 years, and who had the primary, localized variant of the disease. Neither visual impairment nor evidence of optic nerve dysfunction has developed in any of the patients. In the authors' patient, the CT soft-tissue contour analysis of the lacrimal gland mass demonstrated molding to adjacent orbital tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Amyloidosis of the lacrimal gland presents as a primary, localized disease process. It typically affects middle-aged women without visual morbidity. The early CT findings may mimic those seen in inflammatory or lymphoproliferative disorders of the lacrimal gland.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Temporomandibular joint chondrosarcoma: CT demonstration.

Chondrosarcoma of the temporomandibular joint is a rare lesion. A 49-year-old woman presented with painless left preauricular swelling. Computed tomography demonstrated a soft tissue mass in the left temporomandibular joint with extraarticular extension along the mandibular ramus. Calcification was present in the extraarticular component.

Chondrosarcoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Tuberculous lymphadenitis of the cervical mediastinum].

Tuberculous lymphadenitis is an uncommon form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. We report on a case of isolated Cervicomediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis without parenhimal involvement. A 49-year old woman was hospitalized with a four week history of night sweats and weight loss. Plain chest radiography disclosed mediastinal mass of the right side. Echocardiographic examination revealed a soft tissue mass below the ascending aorta and aortic arch causing moderate narrowing of the right ventricular outflow tract and the main pulmonary artery. Computed tomographic scanning showed soft tissue mass in the middle mediastinum surrounding the great vessels extending posteriorely with moderate compression of trachea. Histological examination of the cervical mass revealed caseating granuloma containing acid-alcohol fast bacillus. Antituberculous chemotherapy was started.

Female↗

PubMed1990

Diagnostic imaging of osteomyelitis.

There are many imaging procedures for diagnosing osteomyelitis, each with unique strengths and weaknesses. Plain radiographs are inexpensive and can be very accurate but may provide a delayed diagnosis. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are both excellent at differentiating soft tissue infection from osteomyelitis. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and bone scans are accurate diagnostic tools for use when the bone has not be violated by surgery, trauma, or other structural alterations. When such changes are present, an Indium-111 leukocyte or Indium-111 polyclonal antibody study may be necessary for accurate diagnosis.

Bone and Bones↗