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PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of water soluble and lipid soluble sialic acid levels as tumor markers.

Serum sialic acid and lipid-soluble sialic acid was measured in 39 cancer patients, 16 patients with Crohns disease, 13 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 28 patients with osteoarthritis, and 40 normal patients. Sialic acid was also determined in several patients who had undergone extensive chemotherapy or radiation. Elevations of sialic acid were observed in 33 of 39 cancer patients (sensitivity = 85%). No elevations were observed in the normals (specificity = 100%). However, 11 of 13 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 9 of 16 patients with Crohns disease had elevated sialic acid. Patients undergoing extensive chemotherapy or radiation for two months prior to sialic acid measurement frequently had normal values even though tumor was present. Four patients, who were found to have cysts instead of cancer on biopsy or pathological examination, had normal sialic acid values. Three patients with active leukemia had elevated sialic acid, but three patients whose leukemia was in remission had normal sialic acid levels. Correlations were also found between sialic acid from an enzymatic total sialic acid and the Ehrlich sialic acid, and also between total sialic acid measured by the Ehrlich method and lipid soluble sialic acid.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗

PubMed1994

Soluble HLA class II concentrations in normal individuals and transplant recipients. Comparison with soluble HLA class I concentrations.

We developed an ELISA to quantify soluble HLA class II (S-HLA-II) in 702 sera obtained from normal subjects, patients with end-stage renal disease, and recipients of renal, hepatic, and cardiac transplants. Concentrations of S-HLA-II were detectable in 124 of 126 normal individuals. The distribution of normal values described a monophasic curve with a skewed distribution. In transplant recipients, there were no differences between preoperative and posttransplant values, but values in liver patients were significantly higher than in kidney patients, and values for heart patients were lowest of all groups. There were periodic variations in concentrations in individual patients, but these were unrelated to rejection, infection, or any other apparent clinical event. S-HLA-II was consistently present in the urine. All of these observations contrast with previous observations concerning soluble HLA class I (S-HLA-I) molecules, which were almost the precise reverse. It seems likely that these clear differences in S-HLA-II and S-HLA-I concentrations relate to different physiologic processes in either production, function, or elimination.

Graft Rejection↗

PubMed1997

[Serum soluble CD8 and soluble interleukin-2-receptor levels during interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C].

We examined the relationship between the changes of serum soluble CD8 (sCD8) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels and effectiveness of interferon (IFN) in patients with chronic hepatitis (CH) C. Changes in sCD8 levels were parallel with fluctuations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in CH patients during IFN treatment but decreases of sCD8 levels were slower than those of ALT. In IFN effective and ALT decreased patients sCD8 levels is also decreased. sIL-2R levels was increased transiently during administration of IFN in most cases. It was suggested that decrease in sCD8 levels is indicative of the effectiveness of IFN therapy.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Variations in the serum concentrations of soluble Fas and soluble Fas ligand in Vietnamese patients infected with hepatitis B virus.

Earlier studies of both chronic hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) patients have shown a strong correlation between the soluble membrane Fas (sFas) and Fas protein expression on hepatocytes. The serum concentrations of sFas and soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) was examined in both healthy and HBV-infected Vietnamese patients to determine their relationship with the outcome of HBV infection. Patients with chronic rather than acute HBV had significantly higher amounts of sFas and sFasL, whilst the highest concentrations of both molecules were detected in those with malignant forms of HBV infection. sFas and sFasL concentrations tended to increase with a profile that paralleled the progression from asymptomatic to acute through chronic to malignant states, most markedly in the case of sFas. The sFas:sFasL ratio highlighted the relative predominance of sFas in those with acute and chronic HBV compared with asymptomatic or severe forms. In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) a significant correlation was also observed between sFasL and alpha-feto protein (AFP) levels. The results indicate that sFas and to a lesser extent sFasL levels are to some degree associated with clinical progression in HBV infection.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Distribution of lipid-soluble antioxidants in lipoproteins from healthy subjects. II. Effects of in vivo supplementation with alpha-tocopherol.

The effects of orally supplemented dl -alpha-tocopherol on the plasma concentration of lipid-soluble antioxidants and their distribution in very-low-density, low-density and high-density lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL and HDL) was investigated in a cohort of control normocholesterolemic adult subjects receiving 600 mg alpha-tocopherol daily for 2 weeks. This regimen did not modify the plasma lipid profile (total, LDL and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides) and chemical composition of VLDL, LDL and HDL. Plasma concentration of alpha-tocopherol increased from 19.44+/-4.77 to 38. 03+/-9.06 microm and this was associated with slight decrease in the concentration of gamma-tocopherol from 1.27+/-0.97 to 0.99+/-1.17 microm, without any significant changes of either lycopene and beta-carotene. Qualitatively similar changes were found in VLDL, LDL and HDL but the net increase of alpha-tocopherol in plasma did not correlate with the increase in alpha-tocopherol content in any of the lipoprotein types. Following supplementation, the percentage of total plasma alpha-tocopherol pool carried by VLDL increased from 20. 97+/-6.07% to 33.57+/-6.97%, whereas it decreased from 41.85+/-7.02% to 36.36+/-5.69% in the case of LDL and from 37.17+/-6.04% to 30.05+/-4.88% in the case of HDL. The absolute and relative enrichment of alpha-tocopherol in either VLDL and LDL did not exhibit any statistically relevant correlation with the chemical composition of these lipoproteins in the different subjects investigated. On the other hand, the amount of alpha-tocopherol enriching the HDL particles was inversely related to the relative abundance of protein (r =0.449;P<0.05) and directly to the phospholipid/protein ratio (r =0.480, P<0.05).

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Soluble interleukin-2 receptor and soluble CD8 antigen levels in serum from patients with non-resectable lung cancer.

In a preliminary longitudinal study two women with histologically verified adenocarcinoma of the lung, without simultaneous infectious or inflammatory conditions, were seen every 2 weeks until death. In one of the patients serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels rose progressively while the levels for the other patient increased during the second half of the observation period. Serum soluble CD8 antigen (sCD8 Ag) showed a pattern dissimilar to the one for sIL-2R. In a retrospective cross-sectional study circulating levels of sIL-2R and sCD8 Ag were measured before explorative thoracotomy in a total of 65 patients with histologically proven non-resectable carcinoma of the lung. The sIL-2R levels were significantly increased independently of histological subclassification while sCD8 Ag was increased only in patients with small-cell lung cancer. There was no correlation between pre-operative values and length of survival.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

Detection of human soluble Thy-1 in serum by ELISA. Fibroblasts and activated endothelial cells are a possible source of soluble Thy-1 in serum.

The functions of Thy-1, a 35-kDa cell-surface glycoprotein, and its natural ligand are still unknown. Anchoring to the membrane via linkage to phosphatidyl-inositol (PI) raises the possibility of cleavage off the membrane by PI-specific phospholipases. Soluble Thy-1 (sThy-1) could interfere with the binding of the unknown natural ligand followed by regulation of different cell functions. In this study we established an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure and quantify sThy-1 in serum and wound fluid. Recombinant human Thy-1 (rhThy-1) was expressed in Drosophila S2 cells, purified from culture supernatant and used as standard for quantitation of sThy- by the ELISA technique. There were no differences in sThy-1 levels in serum of healthy donors and patients with systemic sclerosis, leg ulcers, or rheumatoid arthritis, respectively, detected by ELISA. In contrast, at the local site of inflammation, in wound fluid of venous leg ulcers and in synovial fluid from joint puncture, we found strongly elevated levels of sThy-1 compared with sThy-1 in the serum of the same patient. Thy-1 is expressed in humans on brain cells, fibroblasts, a subpopulation of CD34+ blood stem cells, and possibly activated human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. In this study, we never found Thy-1 mRNA or protein expression in resting endothelial cells as shown by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and flow-cytometry. Thy- expression could be induced on endothelial cells by phorbol myristate acetate and to a lesser extent by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). In situ, monoclonal antibodies to Thy-1 did not stain endothelial cells in normal skin, whereas endothelial cells in the synovial membrane of rheumatoid arthritis patients and endothelial cells surrounding melanoma express Thy-1. In summary, our data indicate that Thy-1 is present in soluble form in serum. Furthermore, Thy-1 seems to be a marker for endothelial cell activation. Therefore, activated endothelial cells as well as fibroblasts might be a possible source of sThy-1.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗

PubMed2006

Elevated levels of soluble Fas (APO-1, CD95), soluble Fas ligand, and matrix metalloproteinase-3 in sera from patients with active untreated adult onset Still's disease.

To investigate serum levels of soluble Fas (sFas), soluble Fas ligand (sFas-L), and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) in patients with active untreated adult onset Still's disease (AOSD). Serum levels of sFas, sFas-L, and MMP-3 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in 20 patients with active untreated AOSD, 20 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 20 healthy controls. Linear regression was used to evaluate the correlation between clinical activity scores and serum levels of sFas, sFas-L, and MMP-3 in AOSD patients. Significantly higher levels of sFas, sFas-L, and MMP-3 in sera were found in active untreated AOSD patients compared to healthy controls. Serum levels of sFas, sFas-L, and MMP-3 correlated well with clinical activity scores of AOSD patients (r=0.467, 0.694, and 0.798, respectively). There was a significant correlation between CRP values and serum levels of sFas-L as well as MMP-3 (r=0.583 and r=0.582, respectively, both p<0.01), and a positive correlation between serum sFas-L levels and serum MMP-3 levels (r=0.726, p<0.001) in AOSD patients. Significantly higher levels of serum sFas-L were found in AOSD patients than in RA patients. Serum levels of sFas, sFas-L, and MMP-3 fluctuated and were found to be parallel to disease activity of AOSD. sFas, sFas-L, and MMP-3, which were significantly elevated in sera of active untreated AOSD patients and paralleled disease activity, may be involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. Further studies are needed to determine the pathophysiologic role of sFas, sFas-L, and MMP-3 in AOSD.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Soluble interleukin-2 receptor and soluble CD8 antigen in active rheumatoid arthritis.

Concentrations of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and of soluble CD8 antigen (sCD8) in sera and in supernatants of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) derived from patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were studied. sIL-2R concentrations in sera derived from patients with RA (1484 +/- 382 U/ml) were significantly higher than in sera derived from healthy controls (380 +/- 110 U/ml; P less than 0.0005). In contrast, supernatants of PHA-stimulated PBMC derived from patients with RA contained similar amounts of sIL-2R (727 +/- 467 U/ml) as those derived from healthy control individuals (833 +/- 508 U/ml; P greater than 0.1). When investigated for the presence of sCD8 antigen, sera derived from patients with RA contained significantly lower amounts (30 +/- 28 U/ml) than sera derived from healthy controls (405 +/- 136 U/ml; P less than 0.0005). Similarly, PHA stimulation of PBMC derived from patients with RA resulted in a significantly lower production of sCD8 (35 +/- 46 U/ml) as compared to the one obtained by PHA stimulation of PBMC derived from healthy controls (177 +/- 59 U/ml; P less than 0.0005). This difference could not be explained by a lower proliferative response to PHA by PBMC derived from patients with RA (21,474 +/- 14,022 cpm) as compared to healthy controls (29,549 +/- 11,188 cpm; P greater than 0.05). Our data demonstrate that PBMC derived from patients with active RA differ from PBMC derived from healthy individuals concerning their ability to produce sIL-2R and sCD8.

Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte↗

PubMed1992

Increased levels of beta 2-microglobulin, soluble interleukin-2 receptor, and soluble CD8 in patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

We measured beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-M), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), and soluble CD8 (sCD8) antigen levels in paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and sera from patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), multiple sclerosis (MS), and other neurological diseases (OND) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. beta 2-M was significantly increased in CSF of the SSPE group compared to the MS or the OND group. Similarly, beta 2-M in the MS versus OND group was significantly increased in CSF. Although serum levels of beta 2-M were similar in the three groups, the CSF/serum ratios were higher in SSPE versus the MS group and in the MS versus the OND group. Levels of sIL-2R and sCD8 were higher in SSPE CSF than OND CSF; however, there were no differences between levels in SSPE and MS CSF. The levels of sIL-2R were increased in SSPE sera compared to those of MS or the OND group, whereas levels of sCD8 in serum from the three groups were similar. The findings of increased CSF/serum ratio of beta 2-M and higher levels of serum sIL-2R and CSF sCD8 in SSPE patients are consistent with those seen in patients with acute and chronic viral infections. When the levels between the initial and follow-up CSF and serum samples from SSPE patients were compared, the data showed that CSF levels of sCD8 elevated during periods of clinical worsening and decreased during clinical improvement. In contrast, serum beta 2-M decreased during periods of worsening and increased during improvement. The measurement of serum beta 2-M and CSF sCD8 may be useful in SSPE patients as markers to monitor disease activity.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Effect of azidothymidine (AZT) on HIV P24 antigen, beta 2-microglobulin, neopterin, soluble CD8, soluble interleukin-2 receptor and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels in patients with AIDS-related complex or AIDS.

Circulating HIV P24 antigen, beta 2-microglobulin, neopterin, soluble CD8, soluble interleukin-2 receptor and TNF alpha levels were measured in 20 patients (9 with ARC and 11 with AIDS) treated with azidothymidine (AZT) and in 12 patients (3 with ARC and 9 with AIDS) who were in a placebo group. Mean levels of HIV P24 antigen, beta 2-microglobulin, neopterin and SCD8 decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) after 12 to 16 weeks of AZT administration. SIL-2R and TNF alpha serum levels did not appear to change in association with AZT therapy. No changes were observed in the placebo group except that TNF alpha levels appeared to increase after 12 to 16 weeks. These results suggest that AZT administration may have led to reduced HIV P24 antigen, beta 2-microglobulin, neopterin and SCD8 mean levels in these patients.

AIDS-Related Complex↗

PubMed2004

The contribution of alkali soluble (humic acid-like) and unhydrolyzed-alkali soluble (core-humic acid-like) fractions extracted from maize plant to the formation of soil humic acid.

Alkali soluble (humic acid-like material) (HA-like) (yield of 132 gkgdm(-1)) and the unhydrolized-alkali soluble (core-humic acid-like material) (core-HA-like) (yield of 33.4 gkgdm(-1)) fractions were extracted from maize plants and characterized by C and N determinations, DRIFT, and 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Fresh plants were subsequently incubated for 6 months in an artificial mineral soil, and the HA-like and core-HA-like trends were monitored quantitatively (C fraction content) and qualitatively (spectroscopic approach) in order to study their contribution to the formation of soil humic acid. During incubation the HAC-like partially degraded (loss of 320 gkgHAC(-1)) and partially formed new fulvic-like acids (160 gkgHAC(-1)). On the contrary, the stable fraction of HAC, the core-HAC-like, was maintained (loss of 153 kgcore-HAC(-1)), representing, after incubation, 846 gkg(-1) of the initial core-HAC-like content. The core-HA-like fraction is composed of lignin residues, polysaccharides, lipids and proteins, probably structured into a well-defined network, i.e. the plant cell wall.

Alkalies↗

PubMed2005

Serum P-selectin, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-I (s-VCAM-I) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-I (s-ICAM-I) levels in bladder carcinoma patients with different stages.

Adhesion molecules are thought to have a role in the host defense against carcinogenesis. In this study, we measured serum platelet-(P-) selectin, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-I (s-VCAM-I), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-I (s-ICAM-I) levels in 51 sequential bladder cancer patients at our urology clinic and 8 controls. Serum levels of P-selectin, s-VCAM-I and s-ICAM-I were significantly higher in all patients than controls. Serum P-selectin and s-ICAM-I levels did not differ based on tumor (T) stage and tumor grade, whereas serum levels of s-VCAM-I were significantly higher in patients with muscle invasive tumors than those with superficial tumors. Further, s-VCAM-I levels correlated with T stage. In conclusion, significantly increased P-selectin, s-VCAM-I, and s-ICAM-I levels were observed in patients with bladder cancer, and s-VCAM-I levels correlated with T stage. Thus, we suggest that the analysis of serum s-VCAM-I levels may provide a prognostic test for T stage and bladder cancer progression during and/or following therapy.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and soluble E-selectin are associated with micro- and macrovascular complications in Type 1 diabetic patients.

OBJECTIVE: There are no large studies in Type 1 diabetic patients that have examined the relation between soluble adhesion molecules and micro- and macrovascular outcomes, although the risks of such complications are high. Therefore, the main objective is to examine the relationship between soluble (s) vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and sE-selectin and retinopathy, albuminuria, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Type 1 diabetic patients. METHODS: Cross-sectional data on 540 Type 1 diabetic patients, with a mean age of 40 years and diabetes duration of 22 years, from the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study (PCS) were analysed. Retinopathy was assessed by centrally graded retinal photographs. Albumin excretion rate (AER) was used to define micro- and macroalbuminuria. CVD was defined as having physician diagnosed myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) or angina, or Minnesota coded ischaemic electrocardiograms (ECGs). RESULTS: Unadjusted, there was a positive relationship between sVCAM-1 and sE-selectin with nonproliferative and proliferative retinopathy, micro- and macroalbuminuria, and CVD. After adjustment for age, sex, duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure (BP), LDL-cholesterol, fasting triglycerides (TGs), smoking, body mass index (BMI), and glycated haemoglobin, as well as other complications, the strongest significant associations were shown between sVCAM-1 and macroalbuminuria, with an odds ratio of 1.83 (1.33-2.53) for every 100 ng/ml increase in sVCAM-1. CONCLUSIONS: In this large sample of Type 1 diabetic patients, it was shown that sVCAM-1 and sE-selectin have positive associations with retinopathy, albuminuria, and CVD. This suggests that adhesion molecules are important in the pathogenesis of vascular complications in Type 1 diabetes.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Characterization of soluble protein BCP 11/24 from bovine corneal epithelium, different from the principal soluble protein BCP 54.

The water-soluble fraction of bovine corneal epithelium was analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS (SDS-PAGE). Next to the principal soluble protein BCP 54, which has recently been identified as a corneal aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), another abundant protein was observed, which we have denoted BCP 11/24, due to its estimated molecular weight of 11 kDa in SDS-PAGE and 24 kDa in high performance gel filtration under non-denaturing conditions. This protein was isolated and characterized by biochemical and immunochemical techniques. The isolation of BCP 11/24 was initially hampered by its tendency to bind non-covalently to BCP 54. BCP 11/24 behaves identically in reduced and unreduced SDS-PAGE and is probably not a glycoprotein. Isoelectric focusing indicated microheterogeneity of BCP 11/24, yielding bands with isoelectric points of 6.1, 5.9, 5.7 and 5.6. A rabbit antiserum directed against BCP 11/24, that did not recognize BCP 54, demonstrated that the distribution of BCP 11/24 in different ocular tissues as well as its light microscopic localization in corneal epithelium is strikingly similar to that of BCP 54. Together with its tendency to interact with BCP 54 in vitro, this suggests the possibility that BCP 11/24 is associated with BCP 54 in vivo, fulfilling a function which may be related to the activity of BCP 54 as a corneal ALDH. In contrast with BCP 54, however, BCP 11/24 was not detectable in corneal endothelium. The antiserum did not detect any immunologically related molecules in corneal epithelium extracts of sheep, human or rat origin, indicating that BCP 11/24 is probably not as highly conserved as BCP 54.

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase↗

PubMed1999

Interleukin-6 and the soluble IL-6 receptor are decreased in cerebrospinal fluid of geriatric patients with major depression: no alteration of soluble gp130.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is hypothesized to play an important role in the interaction between immune mechanisms and the central nervous system. We investigated whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), the soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) and the soluble form of the signal transducing and affinity converting receptor gp130 (sgp130) are altered in geriatric patients with major depression (MD). In 20 geriatric patients with MD and 20 age-matched healthy control subjects CSF concentrations of the three components of the sIL-6R complex were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). All patients except one were treated with psychotropic drugs. We found statistically significant decreased CSF concentrations of IL-6 (P<0.001) and of the sIL-6R (P<0.001) of patients with MD. Levels of sgp130 showed no statistically significant difference between patients and controls.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Examination of soluble Fas (sFas) and soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) in patients with burns.

The FasL-Fas system is one of the recognized apoptosis-inducing systems, and has been determined to have important functions in relation to homeostasis and biological defense mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the serum levels of soluble Fas (sFas), soluble FasL (sFasL) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in patients with burns. The sFas levels were found to be significantly higher in the patients who eventually died as compared to those in the patients who survived (3.9+/-1.8ng/ml versus 2.6+/-1.0ng/ml). On the other hand, the sFasL levels were significantly higher in the patients who survived (61.5+/-29.9ng/ml versus 37.2+/-14.4ng/ml) than in those who eventually died. A positive correlation was noted between the TNF-alpha level and the sFas level, and a negative correlation was observed between the TNF-alpha level and the sFasL level. These findings suggest that worsening of the condition of a burns patient may be related to changes in the Fas-FasL system.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Investigation of interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) and soluble gp130 (sgp130) in sera of cancer patients.

The serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), sIL-6R and sgp130 were investigated in 76 cancer patients in comparison with 28 healthy controls. IL-6 is a multifunctional cytokine involved in certain malignant diseases. Soluble IL-6 receptor as agonist enhances the biological effect of released IL-6. Soluble gp130 as antagonist inhibits the effect of the IL-6/sIL-6R complex. Patients with different types of tumour (breast/gastrointestinal/uterine/ovarian/renal/bladder) were divided into four groups according to tumour stage and previous therapy (stage I + II without or after chemo-/radiotherapy, stage III + IV without or after chemo-/radiotherapy). The distribution of different tumour histotypes was similar in each group of patients. The levels of the three serum parameters were determined by ELISA. At each tumour stage either without or after chemo-/radiotherapy, the serum values of IL-6 were found to be not significantly different from those of controls. The values of sIL-6R were significantly elevated in stage I + II (P < 0.02) patients, with a borderline significance in stage III + IV (P = 0.06), in both cases only when no additional therapy was initiated. The serum values of sgp130 increased significantly at each tumour stage both without and after chemo-/radiotherapy (P < 0.001). A significant correlation was found between the values of sIL-6R and sgp130 in stage I + II (P < 0.02) and III + IV (P < 0.004) patients, in both cases without chemo-/radiotherapy. There were no other significant correlations. In conclusion, the simultaneous measurement of IL-6, sIL-6R and sgp130 in sera is an important factor in evaluating the biological effect of IL-6 in malignant disease. This is the first report to investigate sgp130 in cancer patients with different types of tumour.

Adult↗