SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Structural equation modeling”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources

PubMed2003

Structural equation model-based genome scan for the metabolic syndrome.

BACKGROUND: The metabolic syndrome is characterized by the clustering of several traits, including obesity, hypertension, decreased levels of HDL cholesterol, and increased levels of glucose and triglycerides. Because these traits cluster, there are likely common genetic factors involved. RESULTS: We used a multivariate structural equation model (SEM) approach to scan the genome for loci involved in the metabolic syndrome. We found moderate evidence for linkage on chromosomes 2, 3, 11, 13, and 15, and these loci appear to have different relative effects on the component traits of the metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the metabolic syndrome components, diabetes, obesity, and hypertension, are under the pleiotropic control of several loci.

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11↗

PubMed1998

Structural equation socialization model of substance use among Mexican-American and white non-Hispanic school dropouts.

PURPOSE: To test a socialization model of polydrug use among Mexican-American and white non-Hispanic school dropouts. METHODS: A sample of 910 Mexican-American and white non-Hispanic school dropouts were surveyed regarding their use of alcohol, marijuana, and other drugs, and socialization characteristics that have previously been shown to be predictive of adolescent substance use. A structural equation model based on peer cluster theory was evaluated for goodness of fit and for differences in model characteristics by ethnicity and gender. RESULTS: Results partially confirmed peer cluster theory among school dropouts in that association with drug-using peers was the most powerful direct predictor of substance use. The effects of a number of other socializing influences were indirect, mediated through association with drug-using peers. Some differences were present between Mexican-American and white non-Hispanic subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Results were similar to those obtained from previous tests of this model among youth who remain in school, suggesting that social influences on drug use are similar across students and school dropouts. Association with drug-using peers dominates the prediction of substance use among school dropouts. However, family communication of drug use sanctions helps to both limit substance use and strengthen family bonds. Prior school adjustment is likely to be an important protective factor in limiting substance use among Mexican-American dropouts.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Conceptual categories or operational constructs? Evaluating higher order theory of planned behavior structures in the exercise domain.

The theory of planned behavior (TPB) is a popular framework for understanding the informational and motivational influences of exercise behavior One tenet of this model that has not been examined is the belief that direct measures of TPB component constructs are organized through higher order constructs. The authors'purpose of this article was to test this higher order conceptualization in comparison with a multidimensional TPB model using structural equation modeling. Participants (N=268) completed direct measures of the TPB and a 2-week follow-up of exercise behavior The results generally supported multidimensional TPB constructs over higher order structures. Direct measures of attitude (i.e., affective and instrumental) and subjective norm (i.e., injunctive and descriptive) had better psychometric properties when considered multidimensionally. Perceived behavioral control (i.e., self-efficacy, controllability), however, had estimation problems for both the multidimensional and the higher order model. Aggregation of TPB components is not warranted, and the perceived behavioral control components may possess a structure more complex than simple multidimensionality or a superordinate higher order construct.

Attitude↗

PubMed1993

Modeling social and psychological determinants of exercise behaviors via structural equation systems.

Recent advances in structural modeling techniques allow for the testing of complex models representing social and behavioral processes. However, most reported applications in sport and physical activity have been limited to simple models involving variables measured at a single point in time. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to demonstrate the use of both cross-sectional and longitudinal latent variable modeling techniques by examining the relationships among efficacy cognitions, social support, and the exercise behaviors of sedentary adults. Results revealed a good fit for the re-specified model, suggesting the existence of a lagged feedback mechanism in which exercise behaviors influenced residual change in social support. In turn, efficacy cognitions appeared to serve a mediational function in the synchronous relationship between social support and exercise behavior. Findings are discussed in terms of the utility of structural equation modeling techniques for understanding the complex social and cognitive processes involved in exercise behavior.

Cognition↗

PubMed2001

The dimensionality of alcohol abuse and dependence: a multivariate analysis of DSM-IV symptom items in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth.

OBJECTIVE: This article examines the factor structure of 22 symptom items used to configure the criteria of DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition) alcohol abuse and dependence and relates the factor structure to background characteristics. METHOD: Data for this study were drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Labor Market Experience in Youth (NLSY). The symptom items were related to the covariates using the statistical technique of structural equation modeling generalized to dichotomous outcomes. The present model is a special case of structural equation modeling, a multiple causes and multiple indicators (MIMIC) model, in which one or more latent variables (i.e., alcohol abuse and dependence) intervene between a set of observed background variables predicting a set of observed response variables (i.e., DSM-IV symptom items). RESULTS: The results of the structural equation analysis provide further support for two dimensions underlying the DSM-IV symptom items. Although the two-factor dimension bore a strong resemblance to the DSM-IV conceptions of abuse and dependence, there were notable differences in the item content of the symptom items for each dimension. The dependence dimension drew upon items related to the abuse criteria for continued drinking despite social problems and recurrent drinking resulting in failure to fulfill role obligations. The abuse dimension drew upon items related to the abuse criterion for hazardous drinking and the dependence criterion for larger amounts over time. The two factors were shown to have different relationships to the background variables. Alcohol dependence was related to family history of alcoholism and educational status. Age was not related to dependence and inversely related to alcohol abuse. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study replicate the two-dimensional model for DSM-IV criteria found in other studies and provide further support for the validity of alcohol dependence in general population samples. A major implication of the factor structure in the present study relates to the different classification of cases that would otherwise be obtained with DSM-IV criteria. These departures were shown to affect abuse, which retained only 40% of DSM-IV diagnoses, more strongly than dependence, which retained 91% of DSM-IV diagnoses.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Stress and low birth weight: a structural modeling approach using real life stressors.

This study presents a structural equation model describing the influence of stressful life experiences on low birth weight. Data were gathered prospectively in two waves from 5295 inner-city women as part of a city-wide preterm birth prevention project. Using interviews and the medical record, over 200 measures were gathered on each mother and her infant, where each measure was included because of its relevance documented in the risk factor literature. Seventeen of these measures reflected real life stressful experiences and through measurement modeling, eleven of these measures were chosen to represent three underlying measures of stress: economic stress, family stress, and the lack of social support. This study incorporates these psychosocial stressors into a full structural equation model to show their influence on addictive behavior and low birth weight. The full model emerged from tests of alternative causal conceptualizations of how these stressors influence each other and low birth weight--whether their influence on low birth weight in simple and direct, or whether their influence is mediated by addictive behaviors. The model was tested on the first wave, a sample of 3205, and cross-validated on the second wave, a sample of 2090. The model shows that economic stress influences both social support and family stress, but has no direct influence on low birth weight: that social support, or its absence, influences addictive behavior, but has no direct influence on low birth weight, and that family stress influences addictive behavior, and consistent with 30 years of research on humans, has no direct influence on low birth weight. Finally, the mother's history of medical risks shows an independent influence on low birth weight, while her age does not. Age, however, shows a strong influence on addictive behavior. The study demonstrates how structural equation modeling can be used to create and test alternative conceptualizations of how stress affects low birth weight. There are strong implications for planners of prenatal care programs.

Female↗

PubMed2005

Attitudes toward antipsychotic medication: the impact of clinical variables and relationships with health professionals.

CONTEXT: Nonadherence to antipsychotic medication is a major cause of psychotic relapse and is strongly influenced by attitudes toward treatment. Although patient variables such as insight and symptoms that contribute toward attitudes have been identified, the contributions of relationship and service factors have not been adequately studied. OBJECTIVE: To determine relations between clinical and service variables and attitudes toward medication in people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. DESIGN: Consecutively admitted patients were approached to take part; 23 refused. Measures included symptoms, insight, drug adverse effects, self-reported adherence, attitudes toward treatment, perceived relationship with the prescriber, ward atmosphere, and admission experience. Data were analyzed by a proportional odds model and structural equation modeling to test predicted paths between experience of admission, relationship variables, attitudes toward treatment, and self-reported adherence to medication. SETTING: Twenty-eight inpatient wards at 8 hospitals in North Wales and the Northwest of England. Sites included hospitals with inner-city and rural catchment areas. Patients Two hundred twenty-eight patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, assessed during acute admission. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Attitudes toward treatment and self-reported adherence to medication. RESULTS: The data fit a model in which attitudes toward treatment were predicted by insight, relationship with staff (especially the physician-prescriber), and the patient's admission experience (maximum likelihood chi(2)(49) = 89.3, P<.001). A poor relationship with the prescriber, experience of coercion during admission, and low insight predicted a negative attitude toward treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The quality of relationships with clinicians during acute admission appears to be an important determinant of patients' attitudes toward treatment and adherence to medication. Enhancing such relationships may yield important clinical benefits.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

The interaction of personality disorders and eating disorders: a two-year prospective study of patients with longstanding eating disorders.

OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to investigate the relation between personality disorders and symptoms of both eating disorders and general psychopathology over time. METHOD: Seventy-four patients, with a mean age of 30 years and admitted to a hospital for treatment of a chronic eating disorder, were assessed using the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE), the Symptom Check List-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II disorders (SCID-II) at admission, and after 1 and 2 years. RESULTS: At the 2-year follow-up, there was considerable reduction in both personality and symptoms (effect size = 0.83-0.94). Panel modeling using structural equation modeling techniques indicated that symptomatic changes generally preceded changes in the personality disorder. DISCUSSION: Eating disorder symptoms and general symptomatology had direct effects on a dimensional personality disorder index. Thus, personality disorders may be at least partially a consequence of general symptomatology in chronic eating disorders. Symptom improvement appears to precede changes in personality in this sample of patients with chronic eating disorders.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Empirical test of the interaction model of client health behavior.

The general concepts, variables, and relationships described by the Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior (IMCHB) were used to guide a secondary data analysis of 203 women's decisions to request an amniocentesis. Step-wise multiple regression explained 58% of the variance in these decisions by jointly examining the factors which define the client as unique in her responses to an at-risk pregnancy, as well as factors describing the client-provider interaction. The women could be correctly classified as users or nonusers of prenatal diagnosis with 87% accuracy in a discriminant analysis based on the variables derived from the conceptual model. Finally, structural equation modeling was used to estimate the causal paths described by the general model. While the relationships proposed in the model need further empirical evaluation, this first application serves to demonstrate the testability of the IMCHB and its potential to direct nursing inquiries.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

The role of child-centered perspectives in a model of parenting.

The mediating role of mothers' child-centered perspectives was examined in a longitudinal study of 323 children. The conceptual model of parenting was tested to determine whether maternal perspectives mediated the relations between the parenting resources of social support, child-rearing history, and self-esteem and the child's developmental level with parenting behavior. This conceptual model was compared to alternative models using structural equation modeling. Results indicate that mothers' perspectives directly related to parenting behavior in two different contexts as well as mediated the relations between maternal resources and behavior. Maternal self-esteem also mediated the relation between social support and child-rearing history with child-centered perspectives. Results support the importance of examining child-centered perspectives as an influence on parental competence as well as the importance of examining how parenting resources interrelate with one another to impact parenting behavior.

Child Development↗

PubMed1996

Gay men's safer sex behavior: an integration of three models.

This cross-sectional study explored gay men's sexual risk behavior from the perspective of three popular conceptual models, the health belief model, the theory of reasoned action, and social cognitive theory. Data were collected from sexually active gay men via anonymous questionnaire containing questions about sexual behavior and items related to the constructs comprising the three models. Using structural equation modeling techniques (LISREL 8), self-reported condom use was examined from the perspective of each theory. The results suggested that a substantial part of the variance in unprotected anal intercourse could be explained by conceptually analogous constructs common to these models. These constructs referred to the cognitive-affective reactions toward condoms and to the social context of using condoms. An additional variable unique to social cognitive theory, self-efficacy, added to the explained variance in the criterion above and beyond the variables that were common to the models. Relevant variables from the three theories were integrated into an expanded self-efficacy model.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Personality, perceived parental rejection and problem behavior in adolescence.

BACKGROUND: It has been well documented that adolescents run a heightened risk for developing depression and aggression when they feel rejected by their parents and that parental rejection has different effects for gender in developing depression and aggression. Whether personality in combination with gender plays a role in the association between parental rejection, depression and aggression has not yet received much attention. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study using data from the Conflict and Management of Relationships study (CONAMORE). A total of 1142 early and middle adolescents completed questionnaires about parental rejection, depression, aggression and personality. The associations between the variables were tested in multi-group moderation models using structural equation modeling. RESULTS: Perceived parental rejection was associated with depression and aggression in most of the combined personality type and gender groups. Personality type and gender moderated the associations between perceived parental rejection, depression and aggression. Several clear differences between the combined personality type and gender groups were found on these associations. CONCLUSION: Several clear moderating effects of the personality type x gender groups were found on associations between perceived parental rejection, depression and aggression. Future research should focus on these specific combinations instead of using either personality types or gender separately.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2006

Exercise participation and self-rated health: do common genes explain the association?

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there is an association between exercise participation and self-rated health and whether this association can be explained by common genes and/or common environmental influences. In a sample of 5,140 Dutch adult twins and their non-twin siblings from 2,831 families, exercise participation (sedentaries, light or moderate, vigorous exercisers) and self-rated health were assessed by survey. To investigate the etiology of the association, bivariate genetic models using structural equation modeling were applied to the data. The correlation between exercise participation and self-rated health is significant but modest (r = 0.20). Exercise participation and self-rated health are both heritable (around 50% of the variance of both phenotypes is explained by genetic factors). The genetic factors influencing exercise participation and self-rated health partially overlap (r = 0.36) and this overlap fully explains their phenotypic correlation. We conclude that the association between exercise and self-rated health can be explained by genes predisposing to both exercise participation and self-rated health. These genes may directly influence both phenotypes (pleiotropy). Alternatively, genes that affect exercise or self-rated health may indirectly influence the other phenotype through a causal relationship. We propose that identification of the genes that cause differences in exercise behavior will help resolve the issue of causality.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Psychometric properties of the healthful eating belief scales for persons at risk of diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the validity and reliability of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) scales for healthful eating for persons at risk for diabetes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, using a self-administered questionnaire. SETTING: Community in the Midwest. PARTICIPANTS: 106 adults who self-identified based on one or more American Diabetes Association diabetes risks. VARIABLES MEASURED: Behavioral, normative, and control beliefs; and attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention to eat a healthful diet. ANALYSIS: Construct validity was assessed with factor analyses and measurement and structural models using structural equation modeling. Reliability of the scales was assessed with Cronbach alpha and a 2-month test-retest. RESULTS: Factor analysis loadings were greater than .37. Cronbach alphas for the behavioral, normative, and control belief scales were .80, .91, and .84, respectively. The measurement model revealed that the measures were significant estimates for the TPB constructs, and they fit well as indirect measures of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control in predicting intention to eat a healthful diet. Test-retest revealed 2-month stability of the scales. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Scales for measuring TPB behavioral, normative, and control beliefs were valid and reliable for use with adults at risk for diabetes. Further examination with minority persons is warranted.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

An adaptation of the theory of interpersonal behaviour to the study of telemedicine adoption by physicians.

Physicians' acceptance of telemedicine constitutes a prerequisite for its diffusion on a national scale. Based upon the Theory of Interpersonal Behavior, this study was aimed at assessing the predictors of physicians' intention to use telemedicine in their clinical practice. All of the physicians involved in the RQTE, the extended provincial telemedicine network of Quebec (Canada) were mailed a questionnaire to identify the psychosocial determinants of their intention to adopt telemedicine. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to assess the measurement model and structural equation modelling (SEM) was applied to test the theoretical model. The adapted theoretical model explained 81% (P<0.001) of variance in physicians' intention to use telehealth. The main predictors of intentions were a composite normative factor, comprising personal as well as social norms (beta=1.08; P<0.001) and self identity (beta=-0.33; P<0.001). Thus, physicians who perceived professional and social responsibilities regarding adoption of telehealth in their clinical practice had stronger intention to use this technology. However, it is likely that personal identity had a suppression effect in the regression equation, indicating that physicians' intention to use telemedicine was better predicted if their self-perception as telemedicine users was considered. These results have several implications at the theoretical and practical levels that are discussed in this paper.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Examination of cognitive variables relevant to sunscreen use.

The present study is an examination of the underlying psychological variables relevant to a sun-damage preventive behavior, sunscreen use. The focus of the research was to examine cognitive predictors of sunscreen use, utilizing a decision theoretic framework. Two hundred thirty subjects were recruited from psychology classes and administered questionnaires assessing sunscreen behavioral tendencies, attitudes toward sunscreen use, and internal- and external-based cognitions relevant toward sunscreen use. In contrast to previous work that had examined only one or two of these predictor variables in isolation, the present study evaluated the relative impact of these variables on sunscreen use tendencies. The findings revealed evidence of a multivariate model (using structural equation modeling; LISREL VIII) relating perceived need for, perceived efficacy of, perceived consequences of, and social normative influences on sunscreen use. The findings are discussed with respect to improving the effectiveness of short-term education efforts to increase sunscreen use.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Empirical tests of an information-motivation-behavioral skills model of AIDS-preventive behavior with gay men and heterosexual university students.

This article contains empirical tests of the information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model of AIDS-preventive behavior (J.D. Fisher & Fisher, 1992; W.A. Fisher & Fisher, 1993a), which has been designed to understand and predict the practice of AIDS-preventive acts. The IMB model holds that AIDS-preventive behavior is a function of individuals' information about AIDS prevention, motivation to engage in AIDS prevention, and behavioral skills for performing the specific acts involved in prevention. The model further assumes that AIDS-prevention information and motivation generally work through AIDS-prevention behavioral skills to influence the initiation and maintenance of AIDS-preventive behavior. Supportive tests of the model, using structural equation modeling techniques, are reported with populations of gay male affinity group members (n = 91) and heterosexual university students (n = 174).

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed2006

Empowerment and team effectiveness: an empirical test of an integrated model.

The authors developed a model of team empowerment as an emergent state linking inputs (I) with processes (P) and, thereby, with outcomes (O) in the context of an expanded team IPO framework. Using survey responses from 452 members of 121 empowered service technician teams, along with archival quantitative performance and customer satisfaction criteria, the authors tested the model using structural equation modeling techniques. The model was generally supported, although areas for improvement were evident. Specifically, empowerment partially mediated the influences of various inputs on team processes, whereas team processes fully mediated the influence of empowerment on outcomes. Directions for future research and application are discussed.

Adult↗