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PubMedDate not supplied

Gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas metastatic to the testes and associated structures in three dogs.

Primary testicular neoplasms are common in dogs, but metastases to the testes are rare. Three dogs had enlargement of the testes and associated structures. Upon histological examination, the enlargements were due to metastatic adenocarcinomas. Further examination identified the gastrointestinal tract as the primary site of the metastatic neoplasms in all three cases. The testicular metastases reflected widespread metastatic disease. When metastatic adenocarcinoma is found in the testes and associated structures in dogs, the gastrointestinal tract should be examined closely for a primary tumor site.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2004

OCT4 staining in testicular tumors: a sensitive and specific marker for seminoma and embryonal carcinoma.

OCT4 (POU5F1) is a transcription factor expressed in embryonic stem and germ cells and is involved in the regulation and maintenance of pluripotency. It has been detected in primary testicular germ cell tumors with pluripotent potential, seminoma, and embryonal carcinoma. We undertook immunohistochemical staining of OCT4 in a wide variety of primary testicular neoplasms (germ cell tumors and other tumors) to assess the specificity and usefulness of this marker as a diagnostic tool. We examined histologic sections from 91 primary testicular neoplasms, including 64 cases of mixed germ cell tumors containing embryonal carcinoma (54), seminoma (51), yolk sac tumor (38), mature teratoma (31), immature teratoma (20), and choriocarcinoma (15). In addition, we examined sections from spermatocytic seminomas (5), Leydig cell tumors (8), Sertoli cell tumors (6), unclassified sex-cord stromal tumors (4), adenomatoid tumors (2), testicular tumor of adrenogenital syndrome (1), and granulosa cell tumor (1). Each tumor was examined with hematoxylin and eosin staining and with antibodies to OCT4. In all cases of mixed germ cell tumor with components of embryonal carcinoma (54) and seminoma (51), there was greater than 90% nuclear staining of the embryonal carcinoma and seminoma tumor cells with little to no background staining. In all but 1 of these cases (embryonal carcinoma), there was strong (3+) staining intensity. The other germ cell tumor components (yolk sac tumor, mature teratoma, immature teratoma, and choriocarcinoma) showed no staining. Syncytiotrophoblast cells, which were present in 15 of the cases, were also completely negative, as were all 5 of the spermatocytic seminomas. The 22 cases of non-germ cell tumors were all immunohistochemically negative for OCT4. Fifteen of the 54 germ cell tumors containing embryonal carcinoma were also examined with antibodies to CD30. These embryonal carcinoma components were all positive for CD30 with staining of greater than 90% of the tumor cells but with variable staining intensity. We conclude that immunostaining with antibodies to OCT4 is a useful diagnostic tool in the identification of primary testicular embryonal carcinomas and "usual," but not spermatocytic, seminomas. OCT4 immunostaining has comparable sensitivity but greater consistency compared with CD30 in the diagnosis of embryonal carcinoma.

Adenomatoid Tumor↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intrasplenic autograft of testicular tissue in rats.

Intrasplenic heterotransplantation of infantile testis is a conventional method to produce testicular tumors in adult castrated rodents. To avoid possible immunological interference in the tumorigenic process in allografted testis, the parenchyma of testis of Wistar strain rats aged 7 weeks was injected into the spleen of the same rat after bilateral gonadectomy. In 17 of 20 animals testicular neoplasms, resembling gonadal stromal cell tumors in human, developed from the intrasplenic gonadal tissue in the 14th month following transplantation. This autografting technique is feasible to induce testicular neoplasms in granulosa cell tumor category in high incidence, and thus deserves further attention.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Chemotherapy of testicular cancer, with special reference to cisplatin therapy].

Our statistical study revealed that testicular neoplasms seemed to increase in incidence during a 28-year-period from 1950 to 1977 in Japan. Annual deaths from testicular neoplasm were approximately 50 in the first 4 years of the period and increased to approximately 200 in the last 3 years. Age-adjusted mortality rate increased from 1.2 per million to 3.3 per million during the period. Untoward effects of CDDP were surveyed among 47 patients with urogenital malignancy who received anticancerous chemotherapies of CDDP alone or in combination with other drugs at the Kyoto University Hospital or its affiliates in the recent 3 years. About 95% of the patients suffered from such gastro-intestinal ailments as loss of appetite and vomiting. Bone marrow suppression was confirmed by laboratory studies among a third of the patients. Nephrotoxicity indicated by 25 to 50% reduction in creatinine clearance was induced in 6 patients-transitory in 4 and permanent in the remaining. Fifty percent survival rate was 18 months and 5 survived more than 2 years with NED among 21 patients with stage II or stage III testicular cancer treated at the Hospital or its affiliates since 1975, while the rate was 6 months among 10 patients during the period from 1965 to 1974. These improvements was thought to be brought in by adopation of VAB or PVB chemotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

A cohort study of canine testicular neoplasia.

A prospective epidemiologic study of canine testicular neoplasia was undertaken in the Philadelphia area in 1971, with the cooperation of private veterinary practitioners. By the end of 1975, 938 dogs had been monitored for an average of 2 years. The cohort consisted of 609 cryptorchid and 329 age- and breed-matched controls. The incidence of testicular neoplasia in the cryptorchid subcohort was 12.7/1,000 dog-years at risk. Testicular neoplasms did not develop in controls. A large proportion of the dogs were below the average age at onset for this neoplasm. Among dogs over 6 years of age, the incidence was 68.1/1,000 dog-years at risk. The incidence of Sertoli cell tumors and seminoma was approximately twice as high in dogs with unilaterally retained inguinal testicles as in abdominal cryptorchids. Sertoli cell tumors developed in 10 dogs and seminoma developed in 6. One half of the testicular neoplasms that developed did so within the first year of observation. This study demonstrated the feasibility of conducting prospective epidemiologic studies of canine diseases with the assistance of practicing veterinarians.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Synchronous and metachronous bilateral tumors of the testis: a single institution experience of 11 cases and review of the literature].

Bilateral testicular tumors represent a very rare event and account for 2.7% of all testicular neoplasms. 15% of bilateral testicular tumors occurs simultaneously in both testicles, but in 85% of cases the second neoplasia appears in the remaining testicles of patients affected by unilateral testicular tumor after a very variable period of time. The aim of this work was to value our experience on 11 cases of bilateral testis tumors: six arised simultaneously in both gonads (five germ cell tumors and one Leydig cell tumor) and five with metachronous appearance (all germ cell tumors). A comprehensive valuation has been made considering other cases reported in literature until 1996, in order to identify predisposing conditions to bilateral disease. Examining separately synchronous and metachronous neoplasms, as far as we know, only 218 cases of simultaneous bilateral testicular tumors are reported in literature, and most of them are pure seminomas; however, after 1988 this result has been reversed in favour of neoplasms with non-seminomatous elements: this data suggests inadequate classification in the past. Moreover, considering 243 cases of metachronous neoplasms, 126 of them (51.9%) began as non-seminomatous tumors: this disagrees with an old belief that patients affected by seminoma are more prone to develop a second tumor in the remaining testicle. It has been also possible to confirm that testis sparing surgery allows to maintain both fertility and endocrinous function. This technique can be used in any potentially benign neoplasms (as Leydig cell tumors) while the same treatment modality, although already reported in literature, needs more experience to be considered as a successful therapy for germinal tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Synchronous bilateral testicular germ cell tumors of different histologic type. Pathogenetic and practical implications of bilaterality in testicular germ cell tumors.

Patients with a germ cell tumor (GCT) in one testicle are prone to develop cancer in the contralateral testicle. Metachronous development of a GCT in the remaining testicle occurs in 3% of patients. The synchronous development of bilateral GCT occurs in 0.5% of patients. Bilateral testicular neoplasms are almost always identical histologically. Only five cases of synchronous bilateral GCT of different histologic types have been reported in the literature. The authors report the sixth case of this uncommon phenomenon and discuss its clinical and pathogenetic implications.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Resection of an intracardiac metastasis from malignant teratoma of the testis.

Nonseminomatous germ cell testicular neoplasm is a disease cured primarily by platinum-based combination chemotherapy. Operation is reserved for those patients who continue to harbor residual masses after chemotherapy. Locoregional lymph nodes and lungs are common sites for residual deposits. Intracardiac metastases are very rare. We report a case of successful resection of bilateral lung and single intracardiac secondary deposits from a malignant teratoma, treated by orchidectomy 6 years previously.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Synchronous, primary bilateral lymphoma of testes.

Lymphoma of the testicle is the most common testicular neoplasm in men over sixty years of age, but usually represents a secondary manifestation of systemic disease. This case report describes the rare phenomenon of a synchronous, primary bilateral lymphoma of the testes (Stage Ie) occurring in a sixty-eight-year-old man.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Testicular embryonal carcinoma with contralateral synchronous intratubular germ cell neoplasia: analysis of a case].

We report the case of a 20-year old male with a right testicular tumor. Bilateral orchidectomy was practised considering the synchronous clinical, ultrasonographical and histological (intraoperative biopsy) findings of the left testis. The definitive pathological report showed a right embryonal carcinoma with wide intratubular germ cell neoplasia (IGCN) of the contralateral testis. IGCN (formerly carcinoma in situ) is present in about 5% of cases in the contralateral gonad of those patients with a testicular neoplasm. More than 50% will develop cancer in that testis. Clinical and physical examination findings are usually unspecific. The diagnosis of IGCN is based on biopsy, although ultrasonography could give some data too, as some authors report. We analyze the therapy options for IGCN: (orchidectomy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or "wait and see"). In our case, the first one was made. Chemotherapy was used due to existence of retroperitoneal lymph node metastases, with an excellent follow-up afterwards.

Carcinoma, Embryonal↗
PubMed1994

Risk of testicular cancer after vasectomy: cohort study of over 73,000 men.

OBJECTIVE: To confirm or refute reports that vasectomy may increase the risk of cancers of the testis and prostate. DESIGN: Computerised record linkage study of cohort of men with vasectomy and comparison of cancer rates with those in the whole Danish population; manual check of all records of patients with testicular and prostate cancer diagnosed within the first year of follow up. SETTING: Denmark 1977-89. SUBJECTS: Cohort of 73,917 men identified in hospital discharge and pathology registers as having had a vasectomy for any reason during 1977-89. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Observed incidences of testicular, prostate, and other cancers up to the end of 1989. RESULTS: The overall pattern of cancer incidence in the study cohort was similar to that expected nationally. No increased incidence in testicular cancer was observed (70 cases; standardised morbidity ratio 1.01 (95% confidence interval 0.79 to 1.28)). The incidence during the first year of follow up was also close to that expected (nine cases; standardised morbidity ratio 0.80 (0.36 to 1.51)). The incidence of prostate cancer was not increased (165 cases; standardised morbidity ratio 0.98 (0.84 to 1.14)). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of testicular cancer in men with vasectomy is no higher than in other men. Vasectomy does not cause testicular cancer and does not accelerate the growth or diagnosis of pre-existing testicular neoplasms. Data concerning a causal relation between vasectomy and prostate cancer were inconclusive.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Doppler sonography in testicular and scrotal imaging.

The primary role of Doppler ultrasound of the acute testicle and scrotum is for the diagnosis of spermatic cord torsion or epididymitis. The utility of Doppler in other conditions such as testicular neoplasm is limited, and in general does not increase diagnostic specificity. The application of color Doppler imaging and power Doppler imaging increases sensitivity for the detection of orchitis and testicular neoplasms in which the gray scale findings may be subtle. Power Doppler imaging is more sensitive for the identification of slowly flowing blood than color Doppler imaging. As a result, power Doppler imaging may be particularly helpful for the diagnosis or exclusion of spermatic cord torsion as a cause of acute scrotal pain in the prepubescent male.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

Familial testicular cancer in five members of a cancer-prone kindred.

Of a family of 13 siblings, four brothers have developed testicular neoplasms, one embryonal cell carcinoma and three testicular seminomas. A first cousin once removed on their mother's side of the family (fourth-degree relative) has developed an embryonal carcinoma. After treatment they are all alive and well. Their mother is a dizygous twin and one of ten siblings. Multiple other cancers have been diagnosed among her siblings and their offspring including breast carcinoma at age 30 years in monozygous twin nieces. Associated urogenital abnormalities, concordance of age, and discordance of pathology in the five males with testicular cancer is discussed. Further identification and reporting of this risk factor is encouraged.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Genitourinary cytology.

Urinary cytology is a very accurate method of diagnosis of higher grade papillary urothelial carcinomas, carcinoma in situ, and clinically occult tumors of the renal pelvis and ureters. Most lower grade transitional cell neoplasms cannot be diagnosed cytologically with certainty. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the prostate is an accurate method of diagnosis of malignancy in moderately and poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas; however, the diagnosis of well-differentiated tumors is difficult and, in most cases, impossible on FNAB material. FNAB is of value in the diagnosis of renal and testicular neoplasms in selected patients, in monitoring cellular rejection and determination of the impact of therapy in renal transplant patients, and in evaluation of male infertility. The limitations and pitfalls of these diagnostic cytologic methods are discussed.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1993

[2 cases of unexpected anatomopathological discovery of a leiomyoma of the urogenital system].

The authors report their recent experience in two cases of leiomyoma of the genitourinary tract not only because of relatively low incidence of this neoplasm in such sites, but especially since in the first case a previous urothelial lesion had led to the performance of a cystectomy and bilateral uretero-ileo-cutaneostomy, which led us to attribute the later urethral lesion also to a transitional-type neoplastic site; in the second case, symptomatologic evolution, palpation and scrotal echography aroused suspicion of testicular neoplasm and only the observation during surgical operation made it possible to decide for a testis-preserving therapy enabled by the reassuring extemporaneous histological report.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2005

Testicular metastasis 10 years after resection of appendiceal carcinoid.

Testicular carcinoids are very rare and account for less than 1% of all testicular neoplasms. They may present as primary testicular tumors or secondary tumors from extratesticular sources. We report a case of a secondary testicular carcinoid occurring 10 years after surgical treatment of an appendiceal carcinoid. The patient underwent radical orchiectomy and at 24 months of follow-up had no evidence of metastases elsewhere. Because secondary carcinoids have a worse clinical course and prognosis than primary tumors, metastatic disease should be excluded before the tumor is identified as a primary. Long-term follow-up is necessary for patients with carcinoid tumor owing to its indolent course and the risk of metastasis several years after treatment of the primary.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Testicular sarcoidosis.

A 20 year old black man presented with shortness of breath, hilar adenopathy, monoarticular arthritis, polydipsia and polyuria, and bilateral testicular masses. Transbronchial biopsy revealed noncaseating granulomas consistent with sarcoidosis. Subsequent work-up demonstrated hypothalamic dysfunction, and joint fluid analysis was consistent with sarcoid arthropathy. Concern over the possibility of a testicular neoplasm led to right testicular biopsy which revealed noncaseating granulomas consistent with testicular sarcoidosis. A short course of steroid therapy resulted in clinical improvement and complete resolution of the remaining left testicular mass.

Adult↗