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Parasites of the Dall's porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli True).

The prevalences of three helminths, Campula oblonga, Halocercus dalli and Crassicauda sp., recovered from Dall's porpoises which were net-entrapped incidentally in the vicinity of the Western Aleutian Islands in the northwest Pacific are reported. Specimens of Campula oblonga were found within the bile ducts of 46% of 127 livers examined. The prevalence of hepatic trematodiasis increased with the age of the host. Pulmonary nodules associated with Halocercus dalli were noted in 71% of the Dall's porpoises. Adult H. dalli were recovered from the main stem bronchi of heavily infected lungs. Younger animals exhibited a relatively higher prevalence. Specimens of Crassicauda sp. were found within the main lactiferous canal of 69% of 29 mammary glands examined. The prevalence was highest in mature porpoises. Possible detrimental effects and the modes of transmission of the three species of parasites are also considered.

Age Factors↗

Physiological response to parasitism. I. Changes in carbohydrate reserves of the molluscan host.

A comparison of tissue carbohydrate levels is made between larval trematode infected and uninfected snails under three physiological conditions, i.e., unstarved, starved and ré-fed. Under all these conditions, infected snails were found to be hyperglycaemic compared to uninfected snails. Contrasting behaviour of the digestive gland and the foot under these conditions, suggests that some inherent mechanism in the foot is activated which enables it to take up an additional role of seplenishing carbohydrate lost to the pararites.

Animals↗

SDS-PAGE-separated tissue proteins of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails in the presence and absence of Schistosoma mansoni.

SDS-PAGE was used to separate tissue proteins of control and trematode-infected Biomphalaria alexandrina snails. The separated profiles demonstrate the occasional appearance of protein fractions and the remarkable increase of concentration of certain molecular masses in infected snails at one week interval over four weeks post exposure to Schistosoma mansoni. Proteins of molecular masses of 44, 56, 65 and 144 KDa were among these occasionally appeared protein masses. Post exposure to S. mansoni larval infection, a protein mass of 36 KDa was predominant giving a markedely higher absorbance (> 1) compared to control (0.0166). This was identified as lactate dehydrogenase enzyme. Moreover, a protein of 56 KDa mass was identified as Pyruvate kinase. The predicted induction of these two enzymes could be either of host and/or parasitic origin. This study revealed that S. mansoni- B. alexandrina complex has a completely different protein pattern compared to control with very low similarity coefficient "S" value. A correlation between the snail tissue protein or separation patterns and the metabolic redirection of the snail host by the developing sporocyst was discussed.

Animals↗