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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Student nurses need more than maths to improve their drug calculating skills.

Nurses need to be able to calculate accurate drug calculations in order to safely administer drugs to their patients (NMC, 2002). Studies have shown however that nurses do not always have the necessary skills to calculate accurate drug dosages and are potentially administering incorrect dosages of drugs to their patients (Hutton, M. 1998. Nursing Mathematics: the importance of application. Nursing Standard 13(11), 35-38; Kapborg, I. 1994. Calculation and administration of drug dosage by Swedish nurses, Student Nurses and Physicians. International Journal for Quality in Health Care 6(4), 389-395; O'Shea, E. 1999. Factors contributing to medication errors: a literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing 8, 496-504; Wilson, A. 2003. Nurses maths: researching a practical approach. Nursing Standard 17(47), 33-36). The literature indicates that in order to improve drug calculations strategies need to focus on both the mathematical skills and conceptual skills of student nurses so they can interpret clinical data into drug calculations to be solved. A study was undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of implementing several strategies which focussed on developing the mathematical and conceptual skills of student nurses to improve their drug calculation skills. The study found that implementing a range of strategies which addressed these two developmental areas significantly improved the drug calculation skills of nurses. The study also indicates that a range of strategies has the potential ensuring that the skills taught are retained by the student nurses. Although the strategies significantly improved the drug calculation skills of student nurses, the fact that only 2 students were able to achieve 100% in their drug calculation test indicates a need for further research into this area.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2001

Discussion of death and dying in surgical textbooks.

BACKGROUND: Quality end-of-life care is an increasing concern for the public and the medical profession. Surgical textbooks could serve as an important educational and reference resource to improve this care. METHODS: Four general surgical textbooks were scored for helpful information on death and dying for eight surgical diseases. For each disease, nine content domains related to care of the dying patient were evaluated. Three texts included a chapter on cancer that was evaluated separately. RESULTS: Disease epidemiology, prognosis/prevention, progression, and medical interventions were generally well discussed in all textbooks. However, little helpful information was provided with regards to breaking bad news/advanced care planning, mode of death, treatment decision-making, effect on family/surgeon, and symptom management. Cancer chapters also addressed only a few of these concerns. CONCLUSION: Death and the dying patient are sufficiently frequent in surgical practice that it would be appropriate to increase the amount of information provided.

Bibliometrics↗
PubMed1997

Thoracic surgery techniques of Serefeddin Sabuncuoğlu in the fifteenth century.

Serefeddin Sabuncuoğlu (1385 to 1470?) is known to be the author of the first surgery textbook, namely Cerrahiyyet'ül Haniyye (Imperial Surgery), written in Turkish in 1465. It is the first book to contain colored illustrations of surgical procedures, incisions, and instruments in the Turkish-Islamic medical literature. He was the first man to illustrate and mention introduction of a tube into the pharynx and upper esophagus, removal of foreign bodies in the esophagus by special instruments of his own design, and use of a silver ringlet in a man after tracheotomy. He also described and illustrated reduction of sternal fractures, thoracic puncture through the intercostal space for drainage of empyema cavities, and treatment of rib fractures that have severed the diaphragm. He was a humble, curious, and intelligent surgeon, and also a calligrapher and a miniature artist.

History, 15th Century↗
PubMed1997

The women of Salerno: contribution to the origins of surgery from medieval Italy.

Medicine in medieval Europe benefited from Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, and Latin influences. Because of geographic and other favorable conditions, many of these cultural contributions synergized to form the Medical School at Salerno around 900 AD. Somewhat uncharacteristically, women physicians played a part in the advances that came from this school. Among the contributions associated with the School of Salerno were (1) textbooks of anatomy, obtained mainly from porcine dissections, (2) insistence on certification and training for physicians, (3) application of investigative thinking and deduction that led to important advances such as the use of healing by secondary intention, (4) the first textbook about women's medicine, and (5) the first recorded female medical school faculty member named Trotula de Ruggiero or Trocta Salernitana. The women physicians of Salerno contributed to a textbook that gained wide acceptance and distribution throughout Europe. The textbook, called De Passionibus Mulierium, was first published about 1100 AD and was a prominent text until a significant revision by Ambrose Paré's assistant in the early 1600s. Paré was the preeminent anatomist of his time, and many of his important anatomic and surgical considerations were directly and indirectly derived from the work of the women of Salerno. The advances first recorded, taught, and implemented by the women of Salerno are an interesting and important part of our surgical heritage.

Anatomy↗
PubMed2002

Perpetuating negative attitudes about the intrauterine device: textbooks lag behind the evidence.

This study examined current textbooks and manuals to discern whether their presentations of the Copper T380A intrauterine device are accurate, current, and objective. Thirteen medical student obstetrics and gynecology texts used in the US and five from the UK were evaluated for information presented about the Copper T-380A intrauterine device. A scoring system was developed to record the presence or absence of characteristics of intrauterine device usage. The two authors independently reviewed the texts and completed code sheets. In general, advantages of the device were under-reported while disadvantages were exaggerated. Review of US texts identified inaccuracies regarding the device's mechanism of action; 5 of 13 did not include its prefertilization action. Despite evidence to the contrary, 9 of 13 texts reported an increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease associated with intrauterine device use; 6 of 13 reported an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy; and 4 of 13 reported an increased risk of infertility. Review of UK texts yielded similar results regarding advantages and disadvantages, as well as mechanism of action. The UK texts presented fewer inaccuracies regarding intrauterine device risks. Most texts from both countries implied that the intrauterine device is a method of last resort. Texts commonly used by medical students on women's health rotations may not be evidence-based in the information presented about the intrauterine device.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1999

The quality of medical textbooks: bladder cancer diagnosis as a case study.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine whether there is an inherent bias in medical texts that influences physicians to favor certain signs and symptoms over others when evaluating patients with bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Numerous sources, primarily textbooks from various medical specialties, were reviewed (italics are added for emphasis). Attention was paid to the criteria the authors suggested for use in the diagnosis of bladder cancer. RESULTS: Although most authors agree on a core of presenting signs and symptoms, some concentrate strongly on hematuria with the result of down playing the importance of other findings such as irritative voiding symptoms. The concern is that this approach may lead to delay in the diagnosis of tumors, some of which may be highly aggressive, which present with dysuria and pyuria but no hematuria. CONCLUSIONS: Inconsistencies do exist in the literature regarding which diagnostic criteria to use in selecting those patients to be evaluated for bladder cancer. Recommendations are made for ways to improve standardization.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Family violence issues in obstetrics and gynecology, primary care, and nursing texts.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate major texts in obstetrics and gynecology, primary care, and nursing for their content in the area of family violence. METHODS: The study included 48 medical texts and 19 nursing texts published between 1990 and 1996. Key words and phrases were identified and indices searched. Minimum requirements for content on domestic violence included 12 issues identified as important. If the text contained any information on an issue, it received one point. A domestic violence content score was calculated, and a maximum score of 12 was possible. Textbooks were evaluated for content related to domestic violence as well as rape, child sexual abuse, abuse in pregnancy, and elder abuse. RESULTS: Thirty-seven percent of physician texts and 63% of nursing texts included some content on domestic violence. On our domestic violence content scale, 16% of medicine texts and 10% of nursing texts scored 9-12. CONCLUSION: The availability of information on family violence is limited in both medical and nursing texts.

Domestic Violence↗
PubMed1998

A selective history of groin hernia surgery in the early 19th century. The anatomic atlases of Astley Cooper, Franz Hesselbach, Antonio Scarpa, and Jules-Germain Cloquet.

One of the most important eras in the evolution of groin hernia surgery is that of the early 19th century. It was a time when cadaver dissections and diverse clinical studies culminated in a more thorough anatomic understanding of the inguinal canal. For reasons cloaked in permanent historical uncertainty, the style of hernia textbook publishing also dramatically changed at the turn of the 19th century when sumptuous anatomical atlases, exemplified by those of Astley Cooper, Franz Hesselbach, Antonio Scarpa, and Jules-Germain Cloquet, began to appear. Characterized by the presence of numerous detailed engravings these texts were expensive to publish and often had limited print runs. The publishing history and clinical impact of these now rare hernia tomes are analyzed in this article.

Anatomy, Artistic↗
PubMed2002

Jeremiah Joyce: science educationist.

This article illustrates the work of Jeremiah Joyce--a jobbing scientific textbook author working at the beginning of the 19th century. It shows how textbook authorship was a developing craft and how textbooks were partly formulated from the commercial speculations of educational publishers. The article seeks to promote the study of textbooks as a rich source for the history of science.

History, 19th Century↗