SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Tooth Remineralization”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

Intra-oral remineralization of enamel with a MFP/DCPD and MFP/silica dentifrice using surface microhardness.

The present study was undertaken to ascertain the effect of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) abrasive in a dentifrice on the remineralizaton of enamel using a surface microhardness technique. The method of assessing enamel remineralization via surface microhardness (SMH) was validated in a randomized, crossover, double-blind, intra-oral remineralization study conducted with 12 healthy adults. Enamel demineralization was achieved in vitro by covering bovine enamel blocks with exogenous oral bacteria, S. Mutans 1600 Ingbritt, containing glucan which was then exposed to sucrose. In the intra-oral treatment phase, subjects were fitted with oral maxillary palatal retainers, each holding four demineralized enamel blocks. Subjects brushed their teeth for 30 seconds with a test dentifrice, swished for an additional 60 seconds, rinsed with water and then retained the blocks intra-orally for 4 hours. Percent mineral recovery for each enamel block was calculated as the ratio of the changes in enamel microhardness due to treatment (remin) and sucrose challenge (demin). Treatments included DCPD-based dentifrices containing 0, 250 and 1000 ppm fluoride (F) from sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP). Using SMH, respective mean percent mineral recoveries of 5.7, 18.7 and 41.4% were obtained. All ADA criteria for model validation were fulfilled. This same model was then used to compare the remineralization effects of a silica placebo, DCPD placebo, 1000 ppm F MFP/silica and 1000 ppm F MFP/DCPD dentifrice. Mean percent mineral recoveries of -0.9, 24.1, 30.2 and 55.7% were obtained, respectively. The MFP/DCPD dentifrice was superior to MFP/silica (<0.01) with use of the MFP/DCPD dentifrice when compared to MFP/silica or the silica placebo. These results indicate that more active calcium and a higher degree of saturation (DS(EN)) with respect to enamel exists for an extended period of time after use of a MFP/DCPD dentifrice. Since an elevation in DS(EN) is considered a major parameter controlling the extent of enamel remineralization, this finding may partly explain the superior remineralization of enamel observed with the MFP/DCPD dentifrice. The significant increases in calcium activity and intra-oral enamel remineralization by the DCPD-based dentifrice are consistent with earlier findings that a DCPD abrasive provides added benefit for enamel remineralization.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The use of a calcium phosphate ceramic in treating deep caries].

Clinical examinations of 36 teeth with deep caries were carried out in patients aged 16 to 38. Therapy with hydroxyl apatite and tricalcium phosphate was carried out and with calmecine for control. Additional methods for objective examination were assessment of pulp electric excitability and of dentin electric conduction. Repeated examinations of patients 1 and 6 months after treatment showed that hydroxyl apatite and tricalcium phosphate normalized the function of the pulp, caused remineralization of dentin in the bottom of carious cavity, and were effective in the treatment of deep caries.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Influence of nail varnish on the remineralization of enamel single sections assessed by microradiography and confocal laser scanning microscopy.

Single-section techniques are attractive in enamel de- and remineralization investigations because they allow longitudinal studies in which mineral changes can be assessed by microradiography (TMR). Nail varnish (NV) is in general applied to coat the cut thin-section sides. The aims of this study were to investigate: (1) NV penetration depth in cut surfaces of demineralized enamel, (2) the influence of NV on cut surfaces of demineralized enamel on TMR, (3) the influence of NV penetration on a following remineralization. Cut surfaces of thin sections of demineralized enamel were NV coated; the NV was peeled off and the penetration depth assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The NV penetration was 18+/-5 micrometer (mean+/-SD) in demineralized enamel. To evaluate the possible influence of NV on TMR, cut surfaces of thin sections of demineralized enamel were coated (twice) and microradiographed before and after nail varnishing. The NV effect (total effect of penetrated and surface NV) on the main parameters of TMR, Ld and DeltaZ, was less than 5% of the mean values. In the remineralization experiment (remineralization with 1.5 mM Ca2+, 0.9 mM phosphate, pH 7, 1 ppm F for 1 and 2 weeks), lesions in bulk samples, lesions in thin sections with NV-coated cut surfaces and lesions in thin sections in a PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) holder were compared. (1) The remineralization of bulk samples and of NV-coated thin sections is different in one aspect. The amounts of mineral deposited in the lesions expressed as DeltaZ are comparable after 1 week. But because the NV penetrates part of the lesion outside, there was an Ld difference. The lesion depth difference between bulk lesions and NV-coated lesions in thin sections was statistically significant and was about 19% less in NV-coated lesions after 1 week; after 2 weeks of remineralization there was no difference in Ld between bulk- and NV-coated lesions any more. (2) There was no difference in remineralization efficacy between lesions in bulk samples and lesions in thin sections in the PMMA holder.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Use of an intra-oral model to evaluate 0.05% sodium fluoride mouthrinse in radiation-induced hyposalivation.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of a twice-daily topical application of a 0.05% NaF mouthrinse on de- and remineralization in the oral cavities of subjects suffering from radiation-induced hyposalivation. Six subjects each wore a bonded intra-oral appliance containing a sound and a demineralized human enamel slab for four weeks. During that period, the subjects used 0.05% NaF rinses, twice daily, instead of the 1.1% NaF gel that had previously been a part of their preventive regimen. Salivary flow rates, plaque pH profiles following a 10% sucrose rinse, S. mutans and lactobacillus counts, fluoride clearance, and enamel microhardness were determined during the study. Sound enamel samples displayed no evidence of demineralization, and the previously demineralized enamel showed remineralization in the outer 50 microns in three of the six subjects. The results suggest that a twice-daily oral rinse with 0.05% NaF can prevent demineralization and enhance remineralization in subjects with radiation-induced hyposalivation.

Bacteria↗

PubMed2006

Effect of fluoride-releasing liner on demineralized dentin.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the remineralization of residual demineralized dentin underneath restorations by fluoride-releasing liners in vitro. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Two glass-ionomer cement liners, Lining Cement (GC) and RK-141A (GC), and two light-cured resin liners with and without 5 wt% NaF were used in this study. The resin liners were made by mixing TEGDMA and bis-GMA. Class 5 cavities were prepared on extracted human premolars. Demineralized dentin was promoted by using a bacterial caries induction system at the cavity floor. Cavities were restored with a resin composite following application of each liner. Specimens were then stored for 4 weeks at 37 degrees C and 100% humidity. After storage, the specimens were cut through the restorations, and axial sections of about 80-microm thickness were prepared. Contact microradiographs were taken, and the radiopacity of the demineralized dentin layer underneath the liner was analyzed. RESULTS: The ratios of radiopacity of demineralized dentin under the fluoride-releasing liners were significantly higher than those under the resin liner without fluoride release. Although the amounts of fluoride release from the glass-ionomer cement liners were lower than that from the resin liner with fluoride release, there were no significant differences in the ratios of radiopacity in demineralized dentin layers among the 3 liners with fluoride release. CONCLUSION: Although the fluoride released from liners can enhance remineralization of demineralized dentin, the amount of fluoride release does not affect the ratio of radiopacity in the remineralized dentin.

Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate↗

PubMed2006

Evaluation of a desensitizing test dentifrice using an in situ erosion remineralization model.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, in an in situ remineralization model, the ability of a low abrasion fluoride dentifrice containing potassium nitrate to enhance the remineralization of enamel that was previously subjected to an in vitro dietary erosion challenge. METHODOLOGY: Thirteen subjects completed a single-blind (to specimen analyst) crossover design study with four randomly assigned dentifrice treatments: placebo dentifrice (0 ppm F; PD); dose response control dentifrice (250 ppm F; DD); clinically tested fluoride dentifrice (1100 ppm F; FD); and test dentifrice (1150 ppm F + 5% KNO3; TD). Each subject wore a palatal appliance holding eight bovine enamel blocks that were previously exposed for 25 minutes to an in vitro erosive challenge with grapefruit juice. Surface microhardness (SMH) was determined prior to the erosive challenge (baseline), after the in vitro erosive challenge, after in situ remineralization, and after a second in vitro erosive challenge. Statistical analyses included ANOVA and pair-wise comparisons between treatments, testing at a 5% significance level. RESULTS: The mean percent SMH recovery (SD) was 20.4 (7.7)a for PD; 27.4 (5.9)b for DD; 29.5 (8.9)bc for FD; 33.4 (6.7)c for TD. The mean percent net erosion resistance (SD) was -57.7 (10.8)a for PD; -41.3 (11.6)b for DD; -28.7 (9.7)c for FD; -23.6 (7.3)c for TD. Different superscript letters following the means imply statistically significant differences between groups for each response. CONCLUSION: The test dentifrice was shown to significantly enhance the remineralization of enamel previously subjected to an erosion challenge.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Fluoride-induced enhancement of diffusion in streptococcal model plaque biofilms.

It has been demonstrated that fluoride decreases the calcium-binding affinity of Streptococcus mutans and approximately doubles the calcium-binding capacity. To investigate the effect of this mechanism on calcium mobility in plaque, 45Ca flux was measured from a condensed films of S. mutans into tracer-free solution. Bacteria were suspended in pH 7.0 or 5.0 buffer including 0, 5, 10, 15 or 20 mmol/l Ca2+ carrier, with or without 5 mmol/l F- and with 45Ca and 3H-inulin. The appearance of 45Ca and 3H-inulin in carrier-containing but initially tracer-free buffer was measured and extracellular fraction (Ve) and bound calcium were calculated. As the ratio (R) of bound to free Ca2+ approached zero at high [Ca2+], the measured diffusion coefficient (rDe) approached the effective diffusion coefficient (De), such that: rDe = De/(1+R). Fluoride increased the rate of calcium diffusion by a reduction in the binding affinity. This work demonstrates that fluoride significantly increases mobility in plaque; this may increase the rate at which calcium is transported between plaque and an underlying lesion and so promote remineralization. This mechanism could also increase the penetration of bacteriocides and suggests a novel method for biofilm treatment.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Acid resistance of enamel subsurface lesions remineralized by a sugar-free chewing gum containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate.

The aim of this clinical study was to investigate the acid resistance of enamel lesions remineralized in situ by a sugar-free chewing gum containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplexes (CPP-ACP: Recaldent). The study utilized a double-blind, randomized, crossover design with two treatments: (i) sugar-free gum containing 18.8 mg of CPP-ACP, and (ii) sugar-free gum not containing CPP-ACP as control. Subjects wore removable palatal appliances with insets of human enamel containing demineralized subsurface lesions and chewed the gum for 20 min 4 times per day for 14 days. After each treatment the enamel slabs were removed and half of each lesion challenged with acid in vitro for 8 or 16 h. The level of remineralization was determined using microradiography. The gum containing CPP-ACP produced approximately twice the level of remineralization as the control sugar-free gum. The 8- and 16-hour acid challenge of the lesions remineralized with the control gum resulted in 65.4 and 88.0% reductions, respectively, of deposited mineral, while for the CPP-ACP-remineralized lesions the corresponding reductions were 30.5 and 41.8%. The acid challenge after in situ remineralization for both control and CPP-ACP-treated lesions resulted in demineralization underneath the remineralized zone, indicating that the remineralized mineral was more resistant to subsequent acid challenge. The results show that sugar-free gum containing CPP-ACP is superior to an equivalent gum not containing CPP-ACP in remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions in situ with mineral that is more resistant to subsequent acid challenge.

Acetic Acid↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Light-induced fluorescence studies on dehydration of incipient enamel lesions.

Changes in the hydration state of enamel affect its optical qualities, such as light scattering and fluorescence. In this study, the rate of fluorescence loss was measured when incipient enamel lesions with different de-remineralization history were left to dehydrate. Four groups of lesions were studied. In groups A, B and C, the lesions were prepared in vitro in an acid-gel system. Group A was kept as control, and groups B and C were remineralized (4 weeks) without and with 1 ppm F in solution, respectively. Group D consisted of natural incipient lesions. Enamel fluorescence was measured for all lesions immediately after removal from water and subsequently at short intervals for 30 min. The change in fluorescence with dehydration varied between the groups. In lesions from groups A and B, it followed a double exponential decrease, while in lesions from groups C and D, it followed a mono-exponential decrease. In all groups, the fluorescence of sound surfaces declined mono-exponentially. The 'fractional fluorescence difference', defined as (L(sound) - L(carious) )/L(sound), became constant after periods of dehydration of about 5, 5, 20 and 5 min for groups A to D, respectively. The observation of the change of fluorescence with dehydration should be taken into consideration when planning studies that use fluorescence as an assessment method. However, it might also be used to gain insight into the properties for fluid transport inside the various lesions, relevant to de-remineralization or fluoride treatments.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Treatment regimens in preventive and restorative dentistry.

Due in part to a lack of appropriate training and the incentive of adequate compensation, preventive dentistry in the United States has focused on prophylaxis and fluoride application. Dentistry must shift its attention to developing standardized protocols for "preservative dentistry"--diagnosing caries, assessing and monitoring caries risk, arresting active caries and remineralizing non-cavitated lesions. This article addresses shortcomings in preventive dentistry and proposes a plan for treatment standardization that can ensure optimum treatment and, ideally, lead to adequate compensation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

In vitro remineralization of caries lesions treated with surface-active phosphates.

Intact human enamel was demineralized in vitro to obtain artificial caries lesions. Part of the lesions was then treated with different surface-active compounds and remineralized with a remineralizing solution. The other part of the lesions was de- and remineralized in the same way, but was not treated with a surface-active compound. The results indicate that none of the surface-active compounds do affect the remineralization of the caries lesions. Possible applications of the tested compounds in combination with fluoride, for the prevention of dental caries, are discussed.

Dental Caries↗

PubMed2001

Remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions by sugar-free chewing gum containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate.

Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplexes (CPP-ACP) exhibit anticariogenic potential in laboratory, animal, and human in situ experiments. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of CPP-ACP in sugar-free chewing gum to remineralize enamel subsurface lesions in a human in situ model. Thirty subjects in randomized, cross-over, double-blind studies wore removable palatal appliances with six human-enamel half-slabs inset containing sub-surface demineralized lesions. The appliances were inserted immediately before gum-chewing for 20 min and then retained for another 20 min. This was performed four times per day for 14 days. At the completion of each treatment, the enamel half-slabs were paired with their respective demineralized control half-slabs, embedded, sectioned, and subjected to microradiography and densitometric image analysis, for measurement of the level of remineralization. The addition of CPP-ACP to either sorbitol- or xylitol-based gum resulted in a dose-related increase in enamel remineralization, with 0.19, 10.0, 18.8, and 56.4 mg of CPP-ACP producing an increase in enamel remineralization of 9, 63, 102, and 152%, respectively, relative to the control gum, independent of gum weight or type.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Prevention of progression of dental erosion by professional and individual prophylactic measures.

The key elements for the establishment of a preventive program for patients suffering from erosion are described on pathophysiologic grounds. These elements aim 1) to diminish frequency and severity of acid challenge, 2) enhance salivary flow, 3) to enhance acid resistance, remineralization and rehardening by fluoride application, 4) to offer chemical protection by buffering substances, 5) to minimize abrasion, 6) to offer mechanical protection. Recommendations for prophylactic measures are made as a conclusion and summarized in the form of check-lists.

Buffers↗

PubMed1990

Remineralization of human enamel in situ after 3 months: the effect of not brushing versus the effect of an F dentifrice and an F-free dentifrice.

The in situ remineralization of 100-microns-deep enamel lesions positioned in a full prosthesis just under the first molar was determined in 13 participants after 3 months. The outer surface of the samples was always flush with the acrylic surface: there was no measurable plaque accumulation on the samples. The effect of not brushing of the samples (A) is compared with the effect of brushing with a nonfluoridated dentifrice (B) or with a fluoridated paste (C) containing 1,250 ppm F. The results show that lesion depth (and mineral loss) data increase by about 50% (case A), do not change statistically in case B and decrease by about 40% in case C. The increase of lesion depth in case A is most likely due to acidic food and/or beverage intake by the participants. With respect to nonbrushing, the remineralization effect of brushing with an F-free paste is about 50% and with the fluoridated paste about 90% in 3 months. It is suggested that the remineralization efficacy of fluoridated pastes is due to the cleaning effect of the brushing by the dentifrice (presumably on the pellicle) as well as due to the fluoride effect on mineral nucleation and growth.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

[The effect of immobilized salivary alkaline phosphatase on remineralization processes].

Relationship between alkaline phosphatase immobilized on apatite and remineralization processes has been studied. The enzyme notably accelerated the remineralization. The course of enzymatic remineralization depended on the source of phosphorus (inorganic phosphorus or beta-glycerophosphate). Calcium incorporation in remineralizing surface was the most rapid in the presence of beta-glycerophosphate. This may be explained by a higher rate of formation of apatite under the effect of immobilized alkaline phosphatase, than of brushite or vitlokite.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed1987

The effect of baseline lesion mineral loss on in situ remineralization.

The effect of baseline lesion mineral loss on the remineralization of enamel lesions by a sodium fluoride dentifrice was studied in situ by means of an appliance carrying enamel sections. Artificial lesions of various sizes were created, by means of acidified gelatin, and were then mounted on the appliances of five volunteers. Each brushed twice daily for two min with a 1000 ppm F sodium fluoride dentifrice. Measurements of mineral content were made at baseline and at weekly intervals by microradiographic/microdensitometric techniques. Data from all five volunteers showed a linear increase in remineralization rate with increasing lesion size. Thus, in studies which compare the effects of different remineralizing formulations, care must be taken to ensure that initial lesion sizes are matched, or that the results are expressed as a percentage change in mineral content.

Cariostatic Agents↗

PubMed1985

Fluorine levels in in vitro remineralized enamel after treatment with 1000 ppm F as NaF, MFP or mixed solutions.

By means of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) an investigation has been made of the F uptake and the transport of fluorine-carrying ions in artificially carious human enamel after in vitro remineralization. The fluoridation was effected from solutions of pure Na2FPO3 (MFP), pure NaF, or mixtures of MFP and NaF, always with a total F content of 1000 atom-ppm. The recorded in depth profiles of F concentration show that, after 14 days of remineralization, 1) neither the acquired F levels nor the F distributions are greatly dependent on whether fluoridation is from NaF, MFP or mixtures, 2) the F distribution shape is not strongly influenced by a 3-month storage followed by remineralization, 3) the penetration of F beyond the lesion is generally deeper from NaF than from MFP, and 4) the effect of long storage on penetration depth is mainly noticeable for MFP-treated specimens.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of mucin alone and in combination with various dentifrices on in vitro Remineralization.

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of combining various fluoridated dentifrices with mucin on remineralization of bovine enamel. Enamel specimens were embedded in epoxy resin, partly covered with nail varnish, and demineralized in a lactic acid solution (pH 5.0, 14 days). Parts of the demineralized areas of the specimens were then covered with nail varnish. Half of the samples were exposed to a mucin-containing (2.7 g/l) remineralizing solution, the other half to a mucin-free remineralizing solution for 30 days. In each group, the specimens were divided into four subgroups, which were brushed twice a day with a toothpaste containing sodium, stannous/amine, or amine fluoride. The specimens of the fourth subgroup were not brushed, but stored in one of the two solutions. Mineral loss and lesion depth were evaluated from microradiographs. After the remineralization period, specimens that were brushed with one of the dentifrices and stored in the mucin-containing remineralizing solution reacquired more mineral than those brushed and stored in the mucin-free solution (p < 0.05; Bonferroni post hoc test). The results indicate that mucin in combination with various fluorides seems to affect enamel remineralization significantly. Thus, mucin could be considered as an additive to saliva substitutes or mouthwashes in patients with hyposalivation.

Amines↗