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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Establishment of a new human synovial sarcoma cell line, FU-SY-1, that expresses c-Met receptor and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor.

Only a small number of human synovial sarcoma cell lines have been reported, and of those, not all have been fully characterized, especially at the molecular level. We describe here the establishment and characterization of a new human cell line, FU-SY-1, which originated from a monophasic fibrous synovial sarcoma arising in the supinator muscle of a 31-year-old woman. This cell line propagated continuously in vitro for 73 serial passages for more than 36 months. FU-SY-1 cells in vitro were rather small, exhibited a spindle or polygonal shape without conspicuous pleomorphism, and expressed c-Met and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) as determined by immunocytochemistry. Cytogenetically, FU-SY-1 cells maintained a consistent karyotype: 47, X, +7, t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2), the same as that of the original tumor specimen. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) demonstrated a SYT-SSX fusion transcript and expression of c-Met and HGF mRNA in FU-SY-1 cells. A subsequent sequence analysis using the PCR products confirmed that the detected messages were derived from the SYT-SSX1 fusion gene. This cell line, FU-SY-1, established from a monophasic fibrous synovial sarcoma, may therefore be a useful tool for investigation of the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and progression in human synovial sarcomas.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pulmonary hamartoma].

The so-called pulmonary hamartomas occur in 0.3% of the general population, with a higher frequency in male gender and in the sixth decade of life. Usually they are single lesions peripherally located in the lung, are formed by mature lobular cartilage and less frequently show adipous and fibromixoid tissue, also with calcified foci. These tumors should be called benign mesenchymomas, due to studies that showed cromossomic alterations and genetic translocations, whose malignant potential has not been recognized.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Mammalian homeobox genes in normal development and neoplasia.

This review aims at providing an evaluation of the currently available data concerning the role of homeobox genes in mammalian embryonic pattern formation, and their involvement in oncogenic processes. The literature dealing with mouse and human homeobox genes is covered, with some excursions into Xenopus and chicken work because studies regarding particular aspects of development in the latter systems often complement those in mammals. Other studies in amphibians, chicken, and fish are omitted as they fall outside the scope of this survey devoted to mammalian genes. Emphasis is placed on expression and regulation during normal embryogenesis, on present hypotheses regarding gene function, on effects on development of modifying the expression patterns, and on observed aberrations in structure or expression associated with and possibly causally linked to neoplasia. The studies specifically dealing with the structure of the homeodomain and the mechanism of its interactions with DNA, which have been recently reviewed, are not considered here. The most thoroughly studied mammalian homeobox genes bear sequence homology to the Drosophila Antennapedia (Antp) homeotic gene and are thought to be involved in determination of regional identity along the anteroposterior (A-P) axis. Studies on these genes, the HOX genes, are oftem compared with related investigations in flies. In addition to the HOX genes, a number of genes containing a homeobox related to that in other Drosophila developmental control genes have been isolated from the mammalian genome and are being intensively studied. Homeodomains divergent from the Antp prototype have been discovered in an increasing number of transcription factors. Some of these may play a crucial role in local pattern formation, while others are tissue-specific or ubiquitous transcription regulators. As is unsurprising of genes, whose products regulate transcription, some of the homeobox-containing genes have been associated with malignancy, usually on the basis of abnormal structure, or deletions found to occur in tumor cells. The degree of probability that these mutated forms were causative in the generation of the tumors in which they were found is discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2004

[Cytogenetic and molecular genetic studies on a variant of t(15;17), ins(17;15)(q21;q14q22), in an acute promyelocytic leukemia patient].

OBJECTIVE: To report a rare variant of t(15;17), ins(17;15)(q21;q14q22) in an acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patient and the results of cytogenetic and molecular genetic studies. METHODS: Chromosomes were prepared after 24 hours culture of bone marrow cells and peripheral blood cells. R-banding technique was used to analyze karyotypes. Chromosome painting analysis was performed using whole chromosome paints for chromosomes 15 and 17. PML-RAR alpha and RAR alpha-PML fusion transcripts were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: Karyotypic analysis using both specimens from bone marrow and peripheral blood leukemic cells revealed 15q- and 17q+. Chromosome painting analysis confirmed that the karyotypic abnormality was ins(17;15). PML-RAR alpha fusion transcript (S type) was detected by RT-PCR, while RAR alpha-PML fusion transcript was not detected. CONCLUSION: Chromosome painting and RT-PCR are reliable methods for characterization of the insertion involving chromosomes 15 and 17 in APL patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[The study developments about changes of methamphetamine-induced genes' transcriptions and translations].

The basic changes are to transform the levels of many genes' transcriptions and translations when methamphetamine is injected into the organism. Those genes enclose four classes: genes intermediating the damages or death of neurons,genes involving circadian rhythms of activity, genes concerning the abnormality of behaviors and some genes difficult to be classified. The transformations of the transcriptions or translations of these genes cooperate to produce many clinic syndromes of methamphetamine-addictors. Moreover, the study of these genes can provide testimonies to forensic identification.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Variant fusion transcript in ALL children with E2A-PBX1 fusion gene positive].

The study was aimed to investigate the expression of E2A-PBX1 fusion gene in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The primers located at different sites of E2A and PBX1 gene were used to screen for the fusion gene in 410 children with ALL, including 362 cases of B cell ALL and 48 cases of T cell ALL. The results showed that 17 children carried the fusion gene. The positive rate was 4.1%. Furthermore, all the positive cases expressed a variant type of fusion transcript. It resulted from different splicing of the 13th exon (159 bp) of E2A gene. Analyses with BLASTn indicated that the variant type of transcript retained the open reading frame. However, the loss of 53 amino acid residues which were located at the 2nd activation domain resulted in the partial deletion of the putative loop-helix (LH) structure as well as the complete deletion of the heptad leucine repeat. It is concluded that all the children with ALL positive for the E2A-PBX1 fusion gene express typical and variant fusion transcripts. The latter resulted from different splicing of the 13th exon (159 bp) of E2A gene. The loss of 53aa would lead to the partial deletion of the putative loop-helix (LH) structure as well as the complete deletion of the heptad leucine repeat.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Activation of the transcription factor kappa B in human KG-1 myeloid leukemia cells treated with 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine.

The present studies have examined the effects of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) on activation of the transcription factor kappa B (NF-kappa B). The results demonstrate that treatment of human KG-1 myeloid leukemia cells with ara-C is associated with induction of protein binding to the NF-kappa B consensus sequence. NF-kappa B binding was activated at 30 min and reached maximal levels of binding at 1-2 hr of ara-C treatment. The NF-kappa B consensus sequence was ligated to the heterologous thymidine kinase (TK) promoter and the human growth hormone (GH) reporter gene to determine whether ara-C-induced NF-kappa B activity includes an enhancer function. Ara-C treatment had little effect on transient expression of pTKGH in KG-1 cells but increased transcription of the p (NF-kappa B) TKGH vector by 8-fold. The results also demonstrate that ara-C transiently increases NF-kappa B mRNA levels. However, the finding that ara-C-induced binding of NF-kappa B to DNA occurs in the presence of cycloheximide indicates that this agent activates preexisting NF-kappa B protein. These results suggest that ara-C induces a cytoplasmic pathway that transduces signals to the nucleus by activation of NF-kappa B.

Base Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The biology and serology of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections.

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), carried by the majority of the world's adult human population, is closely associated with three known human diseases; infectious mononucleosis IM), Burkitts lymphoma (BL) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). It is now generally accepted that EBV plays an active role in the etiology of BL and NPC rather than simply being a "passenger". Considerable evidence also argues for the participation of "co-factors" in these two diseases. Environmental co-factors appear needed to explain the peculiar geographical distribution of BL. Among various possibilities that must be considered are insect-transmitted agents that could lead to eventual immunosuppression and/or stimulate further proliferation of EBV-transformed cells, thereby permitting an additional cytogenetic evolution towards malignancy. Recent studies have uncovered a possible cytogenetic co-factor in the ethiology of BL; the 8-14 chromosomal translocation. Genetic co-factors, on the other hand, are likely to be involved in the etiology of NCP. EBV is a B-cell associated virus. Carrier lymphoid cell lines obtained either by in vitro "immortalization" of human cord-blood lymphocytes or by explants from IM and African BL donors harbor multiple copies of the EBV genome, and viral genetic sequences have also been directly detected in biopsies of African BL. The state of the viral genomes in the carrier cell appears to be such that some are integrated into the cellular DNA while others exist as free, covalently closed circular molecules.

Burkitt Lymphoma↗
PubMed1990

Analysis of autosomal dosage compensation involving the alcohol dehydrogenase locus in Drosophila melanogaster.

An example of autosomal dosage compensation involving the expression of the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) locus is described. Flies trisomic for a quarter of the length of the left arm of chromosome two, including Adh, have diploid levels of enzyme activity and alcohol dehydrogenase messenger RNA. Subdivision of the compensating trisomic into smaller ones revealed a region that exerts an inverse regulatory effect on alcohol dehydrogenase activity and messenger RNA levels and a smaller region surrounding the structural gene that exhibits a direct gene dosage response. The two opposing effects are of sufficient magnitude that they cancel when simultaneously present resulting in the observed compensation in the larger aneuploid. An Adh promoter-white structural gene fusion construct is affected by the inverse regulatory region indicating that the effect is mediated through the Adh promoter sequences. The role of autosomal dosage compensation in understanding aneuploid syndromes and karyotype evolution in Drosophila species is discussed.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1990

Chronic myeloid leukemia may be associated with several bcr-abl transcripts including the acute lymphoid leukemia-type 7 kb transcript.

In the majority of Philadelphia (Ph)-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, the c-abl gene is fused to the bcr gene, resulting in the transcription of an 8.5 kb chimeric bcr-abl mRNA, which is translated into a p210bcr-abl fusion protein. In about 50% of the Ph-positive acute lymphoid leukemias (ALL), the bcr-abl gene fusion is identical to CML, while in 50% an alternative fusion between these two genes occurs, in which the central bcr-sequences are absent. This results in transcription of a 7 kb bcr-abl mRNA, encoding a P190bcr-abl fusion protein. Cloning and sequencing of the chimeric part of bcr-abl cDNAs from two Ph-positive CML patients in chronic phase showed that in one patient, as in the Ph-positive ALL, all central bcr sequences are absent, while in the other patient, part of the bcr central sequences are deleted. Therefore, we speculate that the presence of the 7 kb chimeric ALL type mRNA in one of the patients is not sufficient to drive an acute rather than a chronic leukemic process in this case. The deletions of the central bcr-sequences described here define the minimal sequence requirement of the bcr-abl fusion gene in CML patients so far.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

The polymerase chain reaction and cancer diagnosis.

The introduction of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology, and its continual refinement, have had an enormous impact on many areas of molecular biology, including cancer research. This review examines several types of PCR assays that have been designed to investigate the molecular basis of cancer, in particular, those assays that have potential diagnostic applications.

Gene Amplification↗
PubMed1985

Preferentially expressed genes in chronic myelogenous leukemia.

The predominant circulating cells in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) morphologically resemble normal myeloid precursors; however, certain characteristics indicate the two are not identical. Approximately 88% of the patients with clinically typical CML present with a cytogenetic abnormality known as the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1). Additionally, the leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) value is decreased in CML. To investigate if there are selected genes expressed in the CML cell population, poly(A+)RNA from a chronic-phase, Ph1-positive CML patient was used for construction of a complementary DNA (cDNA) library. Recombinant clones representing moderately to abundantly transcribed sequences were selected by annealing [32P]-cDNA transcribed from homologous RNA to the library sequences and assessing radioactivity in the hybrids. From an initial 729 colonies, 417 (57.2%) displayed a hybridization signal more intense than controls, indicating these recombinant plasmids contained sequences homologous to moderately or highly expressed RNAs from this particular patient. Screening of the 417 clones--utilizing 32P-cDNAs derived from normal human placenta, an acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML), and two other CML samples--was used to select clones likely to represent sequences preferentially expressed in CML. Sixteen recombinants were initially selected that repeatedly failed to display hybridization with the placenta and AMML-derived probes. Further analysis of eight of these clones indicated that six contain sequences preferentially expressed in CML. One clone, C-A3, has been studied with 63 different RNA samples. This sequence is found to be highly expressed in peripheral blood cells from the chronic phase of both Ph1-positive and Ph1-negative CML as well as in a Ph1-positive acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Expression is reduced in lymphoblastic crisis of CML (L BC-CML) and essentially absent in myeloblastic crisis of CML (M BC-CML). While preliminary, the results suggest that this probe may be useful as an aid in diagnosing Ph1-negative CML and in distinguishing M BC-CML from L BC-CML and Ph1-positive AML.

Adolescent↗