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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Nasal peak inspiratory flow through Turbuhaler in children with symptomatic rhinitis and in healthy children.

Topical treatment of allergic or vasomotor rhinitis is possible by means of pressurized metered dose inhalers, aqueous spray, or dry powder inhalers. In children, little is known about nasal drug delivery by dry powder inhalation. The airflow through the device is critical for the drug release and a sufficient nasal inspiratory flow is needed for intranasal drug delivery from a dry powder inhaler. In order to investigate from what age children with allergic or vasomotor rhinitis can reliably use such a device, device-dependent nasal peak inspiratory flow (DnPIF) was measured. The maximal DnPIF was measured in children aged 4-13 years making use of a dry powder inhaler (Turbuhaler) connected to a spirometer (Vitalograph). In the clinically relevant context, instructions from the doctor and one week's use of a Turbuhaler at home were found to be sufficient to obtain a good inhalation technique and were shown to improve DnPIF at least as effectively as visual feedback training at the clinic. Children with rhinitis, as well as healthy children from the age of 6 years, were able to generate a DnPIF sufficient to obtain a reliable nasal delivery of a dry powder drug dose. DnPIF values correlated with age. Consequently, a recommendation to use a nasal Turbuhaler from the age of 6 for topical drug delivery in the treatment of allergic or vasomotor rhinitis seems reasonable.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1976

[Allergic rhinitis in children (author's transl)].

Some of the problems within the research field of allergology are discussed. The main topic is the new treatment of allergic nasal diseases with a local glucocorticosteroid. Beclomethasone dipropionate (Beconase) can be given intranasally without any risk of systemic side-effects. The drug is found very effective in the treatment of hay fever, vasomotor rhinitis and nasal polypi in adults. In a double-blind crossover trial with 19 hay fever children, aged 8-16 years, 18 preferred the active drug, none preferred the placebo and one had no preference. It is concluded that 400 mug beclomethasone dipropionate a day is a safe and very effective treatment of nasal hay fever symptoms in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Clinical cardiotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil.

5-Fluorouracil is widely known to be toxic to the hematopoietic and gastrointestinal systems. It also has cardiac toxicity, but this is perceived to be rare. During a 16-month period from January 1990 through April 1991, approximately 910 patients were treated with 5-fluorouracil. Five of these developed life-threatening toxicity consistent with coronary artery spasm for an incidence of .55%. The acute events occurred on the third or fourth day of the 5-day infusion and after the fourth intravenous bolus in the patient on bolus therapy. Each of the patients had ST elevation and ventricular arrhythmias, four had acute myocardial infarction, and two had cardiac arrests. In these cases and those previously reported, cardiac toxicity is consistent with drug- or metabolite-mediated increases in coronary vasomotor tone and spasm, leading to the full spectrum of signs and symptoms of myocardial ischemia in susceptible individuals.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Cross-tachyphylaxis of the pressor response to angiotensins in conscious rabbits.

The effect of tachyphylaxis to angiotensin II amide on the pressor potency of angiotensin I, II and III and noradrenaline was investigated in conscious rabbits with indwelling cannulae. No significant difference was observed between the reduction in responses to angiotensin II (58 +/- 4%) and angiotensin III (42 +/- 6%) but angiotensin I (15 +/- 5 %) and noradernaline (17 +/- 10%) responses were less markedly inhibited. If all angiotensin I pressor activity was mediated through its conversion to angiotensin II one would expect an equivalent degree of cross-tachyphylaxis to occur with the two peptides. Our results suggest that angiotensin I may have significant inherent pressor activity of its own, independent of conversion. This compound is already known to have activity at other target tissues. The absence of a significant difference in the degree of tachyphylaxis with angiotensin II and III may indicate they have substantially common pathways as pressor agents.

Angiotensin I↗
PubMed1976

Dopamine effects on the intestinal circulation.

The effects of intra-arterial infusion of dopamine on superior mesenteric artery blood flow, intestinal flow, intestinal oxygen consumption, and capillary density were studied in anesthetized dogs before and after blockade of dopamine receptors with haloperidol and after beta-adrenergic receptor blockade with propranolol. Mesenteric blood flow to a distal segment of the small intestine was measured with an electromagnetic blood flow-meter and intestinal oxygen consumption was calculated from the measured arteriovenous oxygen difference across the intestine and total blood flow. Intestinal capillary density was estimated from the clearance of 86Rb. In normal animals prior to dopaminergic or beta-adrenergic blockade, dopamine caused a dose-related decrease in mesenteric blood flow, intestinal oxygen consumption, and 86Rb clearance. Only the lowest dose of the drug, 1 mug/Kg.-min., did not significantly change the intestinal capillary density. In dogs pretreated with the dopamine receptor, antogonist, haloperidol, dopamine (20 mug/Kg.-min.) caused a significant increase in blood flow and oxygen consumption and did not significantly alter the number of perfused intestinal capillaries. These increases in haloperidol-blocked animals administered dopamine were reversed by propranolol. Our results indicate that dopamine caused smooth muscle contraction in mesenteric arterioles and precapillary sphincters, thereby producing intestinal ischemia and hypoxia. These findings with haloperidol and propranolol indicate that dopamine stimulates at least two different receptors in the canine mesenteric vascular bed: a constrictor receptor blocked by haloperidol and a dilator receptor blocked by propranolol.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1975

Histamine receptors in peripheral vascular beds in the cat.

1. The vasodilator activity of histamine has been studied in anaesthetized cats. 2. Histamine causes dose-dependent vasodilatation in the vasculature of the hind-limb and mesentery, perfused with blood at constant flow. 3. Experiments using the selective antagonists mepyramine and metiamide indicate the involvement of both H1- and H2-receptors in the vasodilator responses to histamine. Mepyramine (2.5 X 10(-6) mol/kg), causes displacement of the histamine dose-response curve. This displacement is maximum with a dose-ratio of about 10. Further dose-dependent displacement of the dose-response curve occurred after metiamide (4 X 10(-7) mol kg-1 min-1 and 2 X 10(-6) mol kg-1 min-1), although these doses of metiamide had no effect on histamine responses in the absence of mepyramine. 4. Vasodilator responses could also be elicited by the selective H1-receptor agonists, 2-methylhistamine, 2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine and 2-(2-aminoethyl)thiazole and the selective H2-receptor agonist, 4-methylhistamine. 5. The selectivity of mepyramine and metiamide as histamine receptor antagonists was confirmed by their failure to reduce the vasodilator responses to acetylcholine, isoprenaline and bradykinin.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Responses of isolated human basilar arteries to 5-hydroxytryptamine, noradrenaline, serum, platelets, and erythrocytes.

The isolated human basilar artery suspended in Kreb's solution contracts to 5-hydroxy-tryptamine, noradrenaline, and histamine, which stimulate specific receptors. Normal human serum contains an unidentified contractile substance, and erythrocytes relax the artery. Serum and erythrocytes potentiate 5-HT contractions. This preparation is suitable for studying vasoactive substances released during vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pathologic conditions associated with drug-induced rhinitis].

Rhinitis medicamentosa ("nose-drop-nose") is a term used for pathological condition of the nasal mucous membrane that results from long-term abuse with intranasal vasoconstrictors. The aim of this work was to examine what lead the patients with nosedropnose rhinitis to the initial usage of intranasal vasoactive drugs. In this prospective study, 92 patients with rhinitis medicamentosa were included. The evaluation of all study subjects comprised the history, ORL, microbiological and radiological examination, skin prick tests with a battery of routine respiratory and nutritive allergens and nasal cytology. The results of this study showed that the pathological conditions for initial use of intranasal vasoactive drugs were: acute upper respiratory infections in 29.3%, vasomotor rhinitis in 21.7%, allergic rhinitis in 16.3%, deviated nasal septum in 13.0%, nasal polyposis in 12%, rhinitis induced by mechanical trauma in 4.4%, and hormonal rhinitis in 3.3% of patients with rhinitis medicamentosa. In conclusion, the most common pathological conditions for developing rhinitis medicamentosa were chronic inflammatory and structural diseases manifested by permanent nasal obstruction as well as acute upper respiratory infections are.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1976

Identification and specific blockade of two receptors for histamine in the cardiovascular system.

Histamine caused a fall in blood pressure in anesthetized dogs and cats which was only partially attenuated by mepyramine (pyrilamine), a histamine type H1-receptor antagonist. Further treatment with burimide or metiamide, type H2-receptor antagonists, caused nearly complete attenuation of the response to histamine. Burimamide alone had no effect on vasodilatation produced by histamine in the dog gracilis muscle whereas mepyramine alone caused a partial attenuation. An H2-receptor agonist, 4-methylhistamine and an H1-receptor agonist, 2-(2-pyridyl)ethylamine, both produced vasodilatation which was blocked by metiamide and mepyramine, respectively. Constriction of the saphenous vein produced by histamine was found to involve interaction with H1-receptors only. In the intact dog, histamine increased heart rate and decreased left ventricular dp/dt through direct effects. Mepyramine prevented the increase in heart rate but did not affect the chronotropic actions of isoproterenol and glyceryl trinitrate. H1-receptor blockade did not alter inotropic effects whereas subsequent H2-receptor blockade prevented the negative inotropic effect of histamine. It is concluded that both peripheral vascular and cardiac responses to histamine are mediated through activation of H1- and H2-histamine receptors.

Animals↗