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At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources

PubMed2006

Entrez Gene: gene-centered information at NCBI.

Entrez Gene (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene) is NCBI's database for gene-specific information. Entrez Gene includes records from genomes that have been completely sequenced, that have an active research community to contribute gene-specific information or that are scheduled for intense sequence analysis. The content of Entrez Gene represents the result of both curation and automated integration of data from NCBI's Reference Sequence project (RefSeq), from collaborating model organism databases and from other databases within NCBI. Records in Entrez Gene are assigned unique, stable and tracked integers as identifiers. The content (nomenclature, map location, gene products and their attributes, markers, phenotypes and links to citations, sequences, variation details, maps, expression, homologs, protein domains and external databases) is provided via interactive browsing through NCBI's Entrez system, via NCBI's Entrez programing utilities (E-Utilities), and for bulk transfer by ftp.

Databases, Genetic↗

PubMed2004

Familial atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia.

Dual atrioventricular nodal pathways, the substrate responsible for atrioventricular node reentry tachycardia (AVNRT), are thought to be randomly occurring congenital anomalies. This article describes 14 patients in six families, each with two or three first-degree relatives with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Electrophysiological evidence of dual atrioventricular nodal pathways was established in all 13 patients studied, AVNRT was induced in 12 (92%), and radiofrequency ablation of the slow pathway was curative in all cases. The data suggest a hereditary contribution to the development of atrioventricular nodal pathways and AVNRT. The pattern of inheritance appears to be autosomal dominant.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

Antischistosomal effect of cyclosporin A: cure and prevention of mouse and rat schistosomiasis mansoni.

C57BL/6 mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni at day 0 and injected with cyclosporin A (CyA) either daily or from day -1 to day 3 were protected against schistosomiasis mansoni as indicated by a decrease in the number of worms recovered from the liver 45 days after infection. CyA treatment also protected rats and strains of mice with known immunity defects (nu/nu, P/N, CBA/N). Protection was evident against both primary and secondary infection in mice infected at day 0, reinfected at day 42, and treated daily with CyA either during the course of the experiment or only from day -1 to day 3, as indicated by the worm burden at day 67. In such an experiment of infection and reinfection, the immature worms were shown to be the target of CyA. Administration of the drug 27, 45, 62, or 100 days before infection confirmed the long-term protective effect of CyA. This drug did not evoke the killing of adult worms in vivo. These data confirm and define the curative and preventive effect of CyA against schistosomiasis mansoni.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Spiritual pain: a comparison of findings from survivors and hospice patients.

The article presents comparative research findings on the notion of "spiritual pain." The findings from interviews with hospice patients affirm the previously published, preliminary conceptualization of spiritual pain from interviews with survivors. However, while the survivor findings highlight the potential for spiritual pain associated with life after high-tech curative treatment, the hospice patient data emphasize the protectiveness of the hospice experience for deflecting the possibility of spiritual pain. It is anticipated the discussion of comparative findings will affirm the importance of researching this "ignored dimension" and, in so doing, will enrich our understanding of the spiritual dimension of healthcare. The work is part of a program presently developing a language of spirituality through research.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1986

The role of CT in staging radiographic T1N0M0 lung cancer.

Thirty-one patients with non-small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma and standard chest radiographs showing T1N0M0 tumors underwent preoperative chest and upper abdominal computed tomography (CT) with subsequent thorough surgical-pathologic correlation of their disease status. Eight patients (25.8%) had tissue-proven mediastinal or distant metastasis at presentation. In five (62.5%) of these eight patients the presence of unresectable disease was detected by CT and an unnecessary thoracotomy was avoided. These five patients comprised three with mediastinal lymph-node metastasis, one with adrenal metastasis, and one with a coexistent contralateral, proximal endobronchial tumor. Three patients with unresectable disease not detected by CT (CT false negatives) had metastasis to normal-sized mediastinal lymph nodes. There were two CT false-positive diagnoses of adrenal metastasis in patients proven by CT-guided aspiration to have benign adrenal masses, and these patients subsequently underwent curative lung resection. Although the data base is relatively small, the authors conclude that preoperative CT may be useful in evaluating patients with radiographic T1N0M0 lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1998

Adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum: some reflections on the immediate and long-term results of surgery.

Colorectal cancer continues to be a major public health problem in western countries. Although some studies have reported an improvement in disease-free and overall survival, few of the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures proposed have found unanimous consent. We report some reflections on both the immediate and the long-term results of colorectal cancer surgery on the basis of our experience, represented by 1164 patients with histologically proven colorectal carcinoma, admitted to the Institute of General Surgery of Parma University between 1976 and 1993 and operated on by the same surgical team, in order to provide data for scientific discussion. A curative resection was possible in 67.9% of the cases. Our experience shows that many colorectal cancer patients will be cured with aggressive surgery, although, in recent years, adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer has advanced considerably. Statistical analyses reveal that an unfavourable prognosis is correlated with variables indicative of advanced disease. Concerning the problem of local recurrences, our results demonstrate that surgery is the only therapeutic option providing tangible results, and that intense follow-up leads to a greater number of resections carried out for local recurrence and to improved 5-year survival. Comparison of studies and scientific discussions can prove useful, above all regarding secondary prevention and, in particular, the identification of patients at risk who should undergo screening for early diagnosis and early surgical treatment.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Progress in intensive chemotherapy for high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes.

Substantial progress has been made in risk assessment for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The development of accurate prognostic classification systems allows a risk-adapted treatment strategy in the individual patient. Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was considered until recently as the only curative approach for MDS. Recent data suggest that intensive chemotherapy programs, such as those employed for patients with AML, may lead to prolonged disease-free survival in a low but significant fraction of patients with high-risk MDS. Intensive post-remission chemotherapy, with or without autologous HSCT, may constitute an appropriate alternative for those patients lacking a suitable sibling donor or for older patients who are in remission after intensive chemotherapy. In this review we will summarise the results and future perspectives of intensive chemotherapy for high-risk MDS patients.

Drug Therapy, Combination↗

PubMed2002

[Interventional treatment of dural arteriovenous fistula].

OBJECTIVES: To summarize the characteristics of interventional treatment of dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVFs) and improve clinical curative effects. METHODS: The clinical data from 135 patients with DAVFs were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Seventy-four patients were cured, 53 were significantly improved, 8 unchange, and 1 died of intracranial haemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical presentations and prognosis of DAVF depend on the types of venous drainage. Compression of the affected carotid artery and endovascular embolization are safe and effective.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Loss of interferon antibodies during prolonged continuous interferon-alpha 2a therapy in hairy cell leukemia.

Although highly active in hairy cell leukemia (HCL), interferons (IFN) are not curative in this disease; current data indicate that prolonged IFN therapy will be necessary to control disease in the majority of patients. We previously observed acquired IFN resistance in association with neutralizing IFN-alpha 2a antibodies in small numbers of patients with HCL. This finding suggests that the requisite long-term therapy may be compromised if there is an increasing incidence over time of neutralizing antibodies. We performed a follow-up study of IFN antibodies in our patients receiving continuous IFN therapy. All 16 patients who were previously antibody negative remained so. Surprisingly, all nine patients who previously had non-neutralizing IFN antibodies became antibody negative after a median of 14.5 months. Moreover, 3 of 10 patients who had neutralizing antibodies became antibody negative and five had only non-neutralizing antibodies a median of 10 months from the time neutralizing antibody had first been detected. Only two patients had persisting neutralizing antibodies. Inhibition of neopterin synthesis, inhibition of generation of 2', 5' oligoadenylate synthetase activity, and inability to detect IFN in serum after subcutaneous injection of IFN-alpha 2a was observed only in the one patient tested with neutralizing IFN antibodies confirming that these antibodies have functional significance in vivo. We conclude that, although neutralizing IFN antibodies inhibit the effectiveness of IFN in vivo, these antibodies are produced only transiently during long-term therapy. The long-term effectiveness of this drug will not likely be affected in most patients by neutralizing antibody.

Antibodies↗

PubMed1990

A methodology for resource allocation in health care for South Africa. Part III. A South African health resource allocation formula.

A formula to calculate the proportion of the public sector budget that should be allocated to various geographical regions of South Africa is described. The formula is broadly classified into curative and preventive components. Using data that are routinely available, indices of need are calculated for each of these components. It is concluded that resource allocation on a macro level should closely approximate regional population distribution if cross-border flow of patients and additional teaching-hospital expenditure are ignored.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1989

[Prevention of injuries: a new approach].

A new approach to the organization of prevention of nonoccupational accidents has been utilized at the territory of the administrative area, prevention statistics being collected. The data on accidents received at curative and preventive facilities at the moment of application for aid have been analyzed and classified by the degree of urgency of preventive measures (emergent, operational and planned) and distributed according to the functions of the departments of the Executive Committee of the City/District Soviet of Peoples' Deputies in order to prevent traumatic situations.

Accident Prevention↗

PubMed1996

[The effect of blood transfusion on the late results of the surgical treatment of rectal cancer].

UNLABELLED: Prospectively recorded data of 149 patients undergoing curative resection for rectal cancer between 1985-1992 were evaluated. Survival rate and tumor recurrence were studied in transfused and non-transfused groups of patients. There wasn't statistically significant difference found between the two groups concerning the 5 year survival rate (53 and 59%). Whole blood had more deleterious effect on survival than packed red cells (48 versus 61%), but the difference didn't reach the statistical significance level. The 5 year survival rate of patients without transfusion was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those received > 800 ml of blood (59 v.s. 33%). The tumor recurrence wasn't associated with transfusion. Neither the quality, nor the amount of blood seems to influence on the recurrence rate significantly. In the group of patients with > 800 ml of transfusion the lower preoperative hematocrit, the higher rate of abdominoperineal resection of the rectum and the longer duration of surgery than those of patients nontransfused reflect the unfavorable tumor stage and the difficulties in removing the tumor. Authors believe these circumstances necessitating the transfusion may be responsible for worse outcome of rectal cancer but the immunosuppressive effect of the blood can't be excluded. CONCLUSIONS: stricter indication than earlier is necessary for administration of blood transfusion to patients with rectal cancer to decrease the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections and to avoid the possible immunosuppressive effect of the blood. Packed red cells is preferable. Decreasing volume of perioperative homologous transfusion by improving surgical technique and clinical application of autologous transfusion should be considered.

Blood Transfusion, Autologous↗

PubMed1997

The evolving role of blood and marrow transplantation for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

With over 4 decades of seminal contributions to the development and application of BMT, Dr. Thomas stresses the importance of collaboration between rheumatologists and transplant clinicians in developing this evolving area of treatment. While the debate concerning the value of TBI in the conditioning regimen and the use of autologous or allogeneic stem cells will continue, he states there is simply no other way to answer these questions than to begin well designed clinical studies. As pointed out by Dr. Hahn, unexpected post-transplant complications may arise in patients with SSc and SLE and possibly require modifications to the transplant procedure similar to the experience in patients with other specific diseases. Other difficulties may be encountered, including restricted funding of the transplant procedure by insurance carriers. The emergence of managed care contracts and payer limitations in the United States described by Dr. Appelbaum could hinder the development of innovative, curative therapies. As initial clinical data are being collected, it is vital to actively support patient referral and participation in clinical studies that will ultimately establish the indications, risks, costs, and benefits of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for autoimmune disease.

Autoimmune Diseases↗

PubMedDate not supplied

How many lymph nodes are needed for an accurate pN classification in esophageal cancer? Evidence for a new threshold value.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The UICC recommends a number of at least six lymph nodes to be examined in the surgical therapy of esophageal cancer for a reliable pN classification. The aim of this study was to evaluate this threshold by means of the data from our patients. METHODOLOGY: Following curative resection (R0) of esophageal cancer the numbers of examined tumor-free and tumor-involved lymph nodes were compared. Different statistical models of logistic regression were fitted to the data and checked for plausibility (Hosmer Lemeshow test). The sensitivity of a correct pN classification was then calculated and correlated to the total number of examined lymph nodes. RESULTS: A maximum increase of the sensitivity in classifying pN occurred from 0 to 6 examined lymph nodes. Nevertheless an additional improvement of sensitivity was continuously shown up to 100 examined nodes. An over 90% sensitivity of a correct lymph node classification was reached when more than twelve nodes were examined. Thus the results demonstrate in the case of esophageal cancer, that the suggestion by the UICC to examine at least 6 nodes for defining pN appears too low and may not represent the clinical situation. A ninety percent confidence level of a correct lymph node classification can be expected above 12 examined nodes similarly to the current recommended threshold in colorectal carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest a new threshold for the number of examined lymph nodes of at least 12 instead of 6 nodes for accurately defining the pN category in esophageal cancer.

Abdomen↗

PubMed2006

Overall prognosis in younger patients with colorectal carcinoma.

AIM: Prognosis of colorectal cancer in younger patients is a controversial issue. While survival after curative resection seems not worse than in older patients, few data are available about the overall survival of younger patient with colorectal cancer irrespective of receiving a curative treatment or not. In this study we have reviewed our experience with patients under 45 years of age affected by colorectal cancer. METHODS: A total of 358 patients with colorectal cancer were operated on between 2001 and 2005. Nineteen patients were younger than 45. Schedules were reviewed as to palliative vs curative resection, Duke's classification, tumor grading, and compared with data from patients older than 45. RESULTS: Though no significant difference in survival can be detected after curative resection, fewer patients less than 45 years are eligible to be treated curatively. Significantly worse tumor grading and rates of curative resection make for a poorer prognosis in younger patients when compared with older ones. CONCLUSIONS: Prognosis for colorectal cancer in the overall group of patients less than 45 years is worse than in older patients. Younger patients more frequently present with distant metastases or peritoneal carcinosis which preclude the possibility of a curative treatment.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The demand for child curative care in two rural thanas of Bangladesh: effect of income and women's employment.

This paper seeks to investigate the determinants of child health care seeking behaviours in rural Bangladesh. In particular, the effects of income, women's access to income, and the prices of obtaining child health care are examined. Data on the use of child curative care were collected in two rural areas of Bangladesh--Abhoynagar Thana of Jessore District and Mirsarai Thana of Chittagong District--in March 1997. In estimating the use of child curative care, the nested multinomial logit specification was used. The results of the analysis indicate that a woman's involvement in a credit union or income generation affected the likelihood that curative child care was used. Household wealth decreased the likelihood that the child had an illness episode and affected the likelihood that curative child care was sought. Among facility characteristics, travel time was statistically significant and was negatively associated with the use of a provider.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Monitoring cancer incidence and risk factors in Singapore.

In the development of a national cancer control programme, the cancer registry can play a pivotal role by providing useful data for planning and evaluation of curative and preventive services. Having produced information on cancer incidence patterns, the Singapore registry is now able to analyse incidence trends among the Chinese population based on the first 15 years of data (1968-1982). Increases in incidence are reported for all sites (at average annual rate of 0.4%), lung (2.2%), colon (3.0%), rectum (3.1%), skin (3.2%), prostate (4.9%) and bladder (2.3%) in males; for all sites (1.3%), lung (2.4%), colon (5.0%), rectum (4.1%), skin (3.9%), breast (3.2%) and ovary (3.4%) in females. Marked decreases are reported for oesophagus (3.9% in males, 5.8% in females) and stomach (2.2%) in males and 1.4% in females). No significant changes are seen in nasopharynx, liver (both sexes) and cervix. Some of the associated changes in risk factor prevalence are discussed in relation to the main cancer sites.

China↗

PubMed1996

Surgical experience in treating T4 lung cancer: its resectability, morbidity, mortality and prognosis.

Extensive experience in the treatment of locally advanced lung cancers is rare. The aim of this study is to show the rationality and effectiveness of an aggressive surgical approach in T4 lung cancers. Between 1984 and 1994, 111 consecutive cases of T4 lung cancers were operated on. The patients included 91 males and 20 females, with mean ages of 61.8 years and 55.3 years, respectively. The cell types included 57 squamous cell carcinomas, 42 adenocarcinomas, and 12 miscellaneous malignancies. Fifty-three (47.7%) procedures were non-resectional. The remaining 58 (52.3%) procedures had various extents of pulmonary resection. These surgical procedures included 24 (21.6%) pulmonary resections with gross residual tumour (R2), nine (8.1%) pulmonary resections with microscopic residual tumour (R1), and 25 (22.5%) curative pulmonary resections without residual tumour (R0). Post-operative adjuvant therapy included radiotherapy ( > or = 3000 rads) in 53 patients (47.7%), and cisplatin-based chemotherapy in 15 patients (13.5%). The overall median survival time of these 111 patients was 9.1 months. The overall cumulative survival rates at 1, 2, 3 and 5 years were 38.0%, 20.4%, 15.3%, and 5.5%, respectively. There were 24 (21.6%) complications and eight (7.2%) hospital mortalities. Most of the pleural seedings were caused by adenocarcinomas, while most of the curatively resected tumours were squamous cell carcinomas. Our data demonstrate that: (1) Almost a quarter (22.5%) of T4 lung cancers could be curatively resected, and the cumulative 5-year survival rate was 23.4%; (2) squamous cell carcinoma had a higher curative resection rate (P = 0.0381), while adenocarcinoma showed higher possibility of pleural seeding (P = 0.0000); (3) the prognosis of T4 lung cancers did not relate to their nodal status (P = 0.7978), and cell type (P = 0.4169); (4) complete surgical resection provided the best rates for long-term survival (P = 0.0263); (5) the complication rate was higher in the resectional group (P = 0.0221); (6) post-operative irradiation did not lengthen survival times (P = 0.1720); and (7) post-operative chemotherapy did not improve survival (P = 0.1577). We conclude that surgery to T4 lung cancers should only be performed in highly selected patients due to their poor prognosis, and the associated high complication and mortality rates.

Adult↗