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PubMed1977

Specific agglutination of Escherichia coli O128B12 by the mannose-binding proteins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The mannosephilic haemagglutinins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found to agglutinate cells of Escherichia coli O128B12, to be adsorbed onto them and to attach peroxidase to them. These reactions were specifically inhibited by D-mannose. No agglutination by this Pseudomonas haemagglutinin was obtained when several other enteropathogenic types of Escherichia coli and some other Gram-negative bacteria were examined. Concanavalin A, which also reacted with Escherichia coli O128B12 cells, interacted with some of the other bacteria examined, too. Escherichia coli O128B12 was not agglutinated by the Pseudomonas galactosephilic haemagglutinins and those of the plant Phaseolus vulgaris. Its maximal agglutination by the Pseudomonas mannosephilic haemagglutinins was obtained employing cells grown for 4-6 h in conventional media. The growth temperature, aeration and presence of certain amino acids, but not D-mannose, in the culture medium had some effect on the agglutination in tensity; pH 6-8 was optimal for it and only at pH 3.0-3.2 no agglutination was observed. Treatment of the bacteria by proteolytic enzymes, ethanol or formaldehyde did not alter their agglutinability by either the Pseudomonas lectin or by antibodies produced against them in rabbits. Heating of the bacteria to 100 degrees C prevented their agglutination by the Pseudomonas lectin and lowered their ability to adsorb it, but did not significantly affect their reactions with the rabbit antibodies.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1986

The agglutination of erythrocytes and Leishmania parasites by sandfly gut extracts: evidence for lectin activity.

Lysates of heads, hind- and midguts of male and female Phlebotomus papatasi were found to contain lectins or lectin-like molecules capable of agglutinating human red blood cell types of the ABO(H) system and promastigotes of Leishmania aethiopica, L. major and L. donovani but not L. hertigi hertigi promastigotes or Crithidia fasciculata choanomastigotes. The agglutination of erythrocytes from the human O Rhesus positive blood group by sandfly midgut extracts was inhibited by two disaccharides; trehalose and turanose. This is the first report of haemagglutinating and parasite agglutinating activity in sandflies (Psychodidae).

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1981

[Agglutinating antibodies against Listeria monocytogenes in healthy adult subjects].

The prevalence of antibodies to L. monocytogenes, type 1 and type 4b, in 334 healthy adults of Liguria land was determined by serological agglutination test. Agglutinins at low titer to L. monocytogenes are present in 22.45% of cases; in 88% of these the titer is 1:40. On the whole, the incidence of antibodies to L. monocytogenes type 1 increases with age and is higher (53.33%) than to 4b (22.66%). The incidence of agglutinins to O-antigens of L. monocytogenes is higher than to H-antigens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

["Clumping factor"-reactions using staphylococci after their extraction with guanidiniumchloride (author's transl)].

Staphylococci of strain K 807 (ATCC: 31243) have much "clumping factor" (CF) on their surface. Extraction of the staphylococci with 6 M guanidinium chloride, removed all soluble substances, including coagulase, without reduction in CF-activity. The extracted staphylococci proved to be most suitable for the quantitative determination of fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products in a microtiter procedure (fig. 2). The CF-test with staphylococci of strain K 807 was more sensitive compared with the hitherto used strain Newman D2C (table 1). After staining with "Astrazonrot (BBL)" no loss of CF occurred. With the stained staphylococci the CF-reactions became more distinctly visible and gave sharp endpoints.

Agglutination↗
PubMed2005

Directional selection for specific sheep cell antibody responses affects natural rabbit agglutinins of chickens.

Agglutination data from generations 8 through 19 indicate that bidirectional selection for specific SRBC antibody responses was successful in a line cross of ISA x Warren medium heavy layers. After 11 generations titers of the high SRBC selected line (H line) were nearly 1:32,000; those of the low SRBC selected line (L line) were less than 1:2, but titers of the randombred control line remained stable at 1:32. Directional SRBC selection also affected levels of a naturally occurring rabbit cell agglutinating antibody (RRBC), presumably the avian form of alpha-galactose antibody (anti-Gal). This indirect response was biphasic and opposite in direction to the SRBC responses through generation 14 after which anti-Gal titers of all 3 lines increased. At generation 19, line H had the highest agglutinin titers; of both types, control line was intermediate, and line L was lowest. The correlation between SRBC and RRBC titers was 0.43 (P = 0.0). Females had higher titers than males, but the difference was only significant for the SRBC antibody (P = 0.028). Qualitative changes in anti-Gal accompanied SRBC selection. Rabbit agglutinins of 4 types were recognizable: classic, granular, annular, and one negative or very weak reaction. The score type means in line L were highest, in the control line were intermediate, and in line H were lowest, suggesting avidity differences now exist among these lines. The results show integration of natural and acquired immune systems because selection for one temporarily affected the other. Given the importance of anti-Gal in primates, our results should stimulate further study of this antibody in poultry species.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1994

Isolation and partial purification of mannose-specific agglutinin from brewer's yeast involved in flocculation.

Yeast cell-agglutinating activity, designated agglutinin (possible lectin), was isolated from cell walls of both non-flocculent and flocculent brewer's yeast cells. Agglutinin-mediated aggregation of yeast cells in a manner similar to flocculation with respect to specific mannose-sensitivity, pH-dependence and calcium-dependence. Agglutinating activity was found to be heat-stable and protease-insensitive. Furthermore, addition of agglutinin to flocculent cells strongly stimulated the flocculation ability of the cells, whereas addition to non-flocculent cells rendered these cells weakly flocculent. Agglutinin was found to be released from flocculent cells during the course of a flocculation assay, but not from non-flocculent cells. Presence of mannose during the assay inhibited release of agglutinin. Our results suggest that (i) mannose-specific agglutinin is continuously synthesized during growth of brewer's yeast cells, (ii) agglutinin is present in cell walls of non-flocculent cells but is unable to bind its ligand on other cells, and (iii) the ability of yeast cells to flocculate in a flocculation assay depends, among other factors, on release of agglutinin from the cells. A 10-kDa polypeptide might represent one form of agglutinin.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed2004

Role of capsule in serotypic differences and complement fixation by Lactococcus garvieae.

Seventeen geographically distinct isolates of Lactococcus garvieae, isolated from diseased fish, were compared serologically using antiserum raised against the various isolates in rainbow trout. Sera raised against a capsule deficient isolate did not agglutinate capsulated isolates, regardless of origin. In contrast, all antisera raised against capsulated isolates cross reacted strongly with non-capsulated isolates. Antisera raised against capsulated Japanese isolates cross reacted with other capsulated Japanese isolates including isolates from geographically distinct prefectures within Japan (Ehime and Oita). However, antisera against these virulent capsulated isolates did not cross react with European capsulated isolates. Antisera raised against European capsulated isolates cross reacted with other European isolates, regardless of origin within Europe (UK, Italy, Spain), but did not cross-react with Japanese capsulated isolates. Agglutination assays performed with a range of fifteen lectins revealed differences in surface carbohydrate structure: capsule deficient isolates agglutinated with concanavalin A, Ricinis communis agglutinin, Pisum sativum agglutinin, Lens culinaris agglutinin, wheat germ agglutinin and succinylated wheat germ agglutinin. European capsulated isolates agglutinated with concanavalin A only. The Japanese capsulated isolates were not agglutinated by any of the lectins used in this study. Representative isolates from each group (Japanese capsulated and non-capsulated, European capsulated and non-capsulated) were investigated for their ability to fix complement. Non-capsulated isolates fixed complement regardless of origin, and antibody did not markedly enhance complement fixation. In contrast, the capsulated isolates were less efficient at fixing complement, but complement fixation was markedly increased by homologous antibody.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1977

Serologic studies on porcine strains of Haemophilus parahaemolyticus (pleuropneumoniae): agglutination reactions.

Fifteen strains of Haemophilus parahaemolyticus (pleuropneumoniae) represented by 6 American isolates, 6 Swedish isolates, and 3 reference strains of Nicolet's serotype 1, 2 and 3, were used in serologic studies by agglutination and agglutinin-adsorption tests. By whole cell-agglutination tests in rabbit antiserums, 3 additional serotypes, 4, 5, and 6, were identified. All strains had strong serotype-specific agglutinating properties. Occasional weak cross reactions could be eliminated by appropriate adsorptions without effect upon type-specific reactivity. The Swedish isolates were assigned to serotypes 2, 3, 4, and 6, and the American isolates, to serotypes 4 and 5. All European isolates were distinct from 5 of the 6 American strains. An American culture isolated from a steer and another from a lamb were identical in their agglutination reactions with the porcine isolates of serotype 5. The serotyping of isolated strains is important in the epizootiologic and immunologic studies of H parahaemolyticus infections.

Adsorption↗