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Results for “AIR POLLUTION, RADIOACTIVE”

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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

The discovery of an unusual cause of indoor radiation pollution.

The objective of our study is to investigate the reasons why 21 persons suffered erythema and other skin changes, and conjunctivae infection after staying in a closed room for three hours. A multi-disciplinary case study including interviews, building and ventilation inspections, was performed by a multidisciplinary team comprising a medical epidemiologist, and an industrial hygienist. A self-administered questionnaire was designed to determine the magnitude of the health problem of the affected students. By a process of investigative elimination, we deduced that the symptoms were caused by accidental exposure to ultraviolet C radiation where it was radiated from the germicidal ultraviolet lamps. The most common symptoms and signed presented were erythema of skin and conjunctivae infection. The erythema of skin and conjunctivae infection arose from exposure to ultraviolet C radiation and that safeguards are needed to ensure ultraviolet germicidal lamps are not accidentally switched on while a room is occupied.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Radon concentration in two largest cities in semitropical Taiwan.

Grab sampling either using the active charcoal method in combination with an ionization chamber or using a working level monitor was performed for the measurement of radon concentration in Taiwan's two largest cities Taipei and Kaohsiung. Long-term monitoring of radon concentration in dwellings and business buildings was also carried out with cellulose nitrate films as the alpha detectors. The average indoor radon concentration in these two cities is 17 +/- 6 Bq m-3. The outdoor radon concentration is about one-half of that on average. As assessed according to the model of UNSCEAR 1988, the induced effective dose equivalent is 0.67 mSv y-1. Radon concentration in coal mines showed an average of 88.5 +/- 9.5 Bq m-3.

Air Pollutants, Radioactive↗
PubMed1996

Growing pains.

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Air Pollutants, Radioactive↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A review of health-based comparative risk assessments in the United States.

Comparing the risks posed by specific environmental hazards has become attractive to policy makers and legislative bodies as an aid to budgeting and other policy decisions. This paper reviews the human health-based findings from the first federal comparative risk assessment project and subsequent reviews conducted by 15 states and local government agencies in the United States. Methods are described on conducting comparative risk assessments that include substantive involvement of the public and special interest organizations. A consolidation of the comparative risk assessments of 15 states revealed good agreement with federal health-based environmental hazard priorities and partial agreement with local-government health departments. In descending order of priority, indoor air pollutants (excluding radon), criteria air pollutants, hazardous air pollutants, indoor radon, lead contamination, inactive hazardous waste sites, and drinking water at the tap are the highest ranked environmental hazards to human health.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1995

Indoor air pollution.

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Air Pollutants, Radioactive↗
PubMed2000

Temperature calibration of Pico-Rad detectors for radon measurement.

A simple mathematical equation linking the activity of adsorbed radon in the vials to the time and temperature of its exposure is discussed. The calibration coefficient--Ks, defined as activity measured in cpm after saturation time, corresponding to radon air concentration of 1 Bq m-3, was determined for four temperatures: 284, 291, 294 and 298 K. A linear relationship of ln Ks values versus T-1 was found. The relatively high difference in Ks values: 2.12 and 1.24 cpm/Bq m-3 for the temperatures of 284 and 298 K, respectively, was observed. It indicates that temperature fluctuations during Pico-Rad vial exposure may lead to erroneous results if the constant average temperature of exposure is introduced into a commonly used computer programme for calculating Rn concentration.

Air Pollutants, Radioactive↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A discussion around Cohen's ecological research on the relationship between the radon content in dwellings and lung cancer mortality].

B. L. Cohen showed that lung cancer lethality in U.S. sharply contradicts linear no-threshold (LNT) dependence on lung dose. This conclusion undermines established theory and practice for estimation of the irradiation remote risk; therefore, an unusual discussion has risen. Cohen's opponents (LNT adherents) said that he substituted the mean risk in a county for the individual risk that resulted in inadmissible bias of results. However, his critics' conclusions contradict many results found by Cohen and investigations by other authors.

Air Pollutants, Radioactive↗
PubMed2003

Meta-analysis of residential exposure to radon gas and lung cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relation between residential exposure to radon and lung cancer. METHODS: A literature search was performed using Medline and other sources. The quality of studies was assessed. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the risk of lung cancer among categories of levels of exposure to radon were extracted. For each study, a weighted log-linear regression analysis of the adjusted odds ratios was performed according to radon concentration. The random effect model was used to combine values from single studies. Separate meta-analyses were performed on results from studies grouped with similar characteristics or with quality scores above or equal to the median. FINDINGS: Seventeen case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis. Quality scoring for individual studies ranged from 0.45 to 0.77 (median, 0.64). Meta-analysis based on exposure at 150 Bq/m3 gave a pooled odds ratio estimate of 1.24 (95% CI, 1.11-1.38), which indicated a potential effect of residential exposure to radon on the risk of lung cancer. Pooled estimates of fitted odds ratios at several levels of randon exposure were all significantly different from unity--ranging from 1.07 at 50 Bq/m3 to 1.43 at 250 Bq/m3. No remarkable differences from the baseline analysis were found for odds ratios from sensitivity analyses of studies in which > 75% of eligible cases were recruited (1.12, 1.00-1.25) and studies that included only women (1.29, 1.04-1.60). CONCLUSION: Although no definitive conclusions may be drawn, our results suggest a dose-response relation between residential exposure to radon and the risk of lung cancer. They support the need to develop strategies to reduce human exposure to radon.

Air Pollutants, Radioactive↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Radiation doses in children of the Tomsk region during inhalation of radon-222].

The paper presents the results of the studies of the levels of radon in the premises of 30 kindergartens and 36 schools of Tomsk and its region, which were conducted in 1989 to 2000. The volume activity of radon in the air of the premises was measured by using passive track detectors of gamma-radiation upon a long-term exposure of 1-3 months. In parallel with these measurements, statistical data required for a more accurate assessment of effective doses were collected. Analysis of the statistical processing of the data on the levels of radon has indicated that the arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and standard deviation are 60, 51, and 33 Bq/m3, respectively, for kindergartens and 50, 38, and 56 Bq/m3 for schools. The mean annual radiation doses obtained on inhalation exposure to radon-222 and its degradation products are 1.06 and 1.08 mZv for preschool and school children, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Factors determining the formation of radon levels inside buildings].

The theoretical and experimental investigation of radon levels inside dwellings of Tomsk was carried out. The statistical analysis of gathered results let us to reveal the significant factors, which define the formation of radon levels inside the buildings and dependencies of radon distribution. The significant factors are: building type (urban or rural), year season, floor level (is significant only for buildings of rural type), daytime and social factor includes habits and life stile of inhabitants. The distribution of mean radon levels in buildings obeys the log-normal law. The distribution of radon level among the floors for urban type of buildings obeys the normal law, for rural type of buildings--exponential law.

Air Pollutants, Radioactive↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Estimation of doses of irradiation with radon-222 and its degradation products in adults of Tomsk].

The paper presents the results of statistical processing of experimental data on the volumetric activity of radon within the premises of various buildings. The results were used to estimate internal radiation doses of inhaled radon and its short-lived degradation products in the population of Tomsk. The average annual population-weighed value of the effective dose was 1.24 mSv, which is 1.5-times higher than the estimated value for the Russian Federation.

Adult↗