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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Clinical course of pneumoconiosis after exposure to dust evaluated by the results of ambulatory follow-up].

Results of follow-up and treatment of different pneumoconiosis types in 749 patients are represented. Rational employment combined with individualized treatment stabilize pneumoconiosis in 80.5% of cases with interstitial silicosis, in those with silico - silicosis --85.5% the nodular form in 70.5% and 77.8% of cases respectively. In the patients with the first symptoms of silicotuberculosisis the interstitial and nodular forms of the process stabilized in more than 50% of cases and in more than 60% of silico - silicatosis cases. Active interstitial tuberculosis was revealed in 7.3% of cases, nodular one--in 16.2%. The course of the macronodular pneumoconiosis in 50.2% of cases was unfavourable. 23.2% of patients with pneumoconiosis caused by electric-welding aerosol showed regress of pneumoconiosis in afterdust period.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1991

[Biological attestation of the fibrogenic effect of dust from selected coal mines on the lung tissue].

The studies aimed at determining the changes in respiratory system of animals after intratracheal administration of settled dusts sampled from seams 116 and 188 in Janina colliery and seams 314 and 317 in Victoria colliery. For comparison, dusts sampled gravimetrically from a/m seams in Janina and Victoria collieries were intratracheally administered to animals. Crystalline silica concentrations determined by Polezajew method in dusts from Janina and Victoria collieries were 2.4% to 8.1% and 1.6% to 2.8%, respectively. Biological aggressiveness of mine dusts was examined using intraperitoneal, pulmonary and hemolytic tests. Hydroxyproline concentration was determined by Stegemann method using the modification of Hurych and Chvapil (2). The results of biochemical analysis were subjected to a statistical analysis by t-Student's test. Specimens from lungs for histopathological examination were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, while collagen fibres were stained by Van Gieson method. A single intratracheal administration of dust collected gravimetrically from 116 seam and settled dust from seam 118 in Janina colciery caused, after six months, a hypro-increase by more than three times comparing with the control group. No correlations were found between higher hypro-levels in lungs and histological changes. It seems probable that higher hypro-levels in lungs can be caused mainly by SiO2 whose concentration in dusts was 8%. Similar concentrations of aluminium and ferrous compounds may suggest that their influence on the biological activity of silica is mutually eliminated. After a six-month intratracheal administration of dusts from Victoria colliery in Wałbrzych, a hypro-decrease was observed compared to a three-month period of administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed2006

A 45-year-old man with a lung mass and history of charcoal aspiration.

A 45-year-old man was seen in consultation for evaluation of a spiculated right-lower-lobe mass that enlarged over 1 year. The patient had suffered accidental instillation of activated charcoal into the right lung via nasogastric tube 2 years prior to this consultation, with resultant respiratory failure, pneumonia, and pneumothorax. Biopsy of the mass showed anthracosis and granulomatous inflammation. A positron emission tomogram was strongly positive at the lesion, and right-lower-lobectomy with partial diaphragmatic resection was performed. On gross examination of the mass, a charcoal concretion was evident. Histologic examination showed intrinsic and surrounding granulomatous inflammation, but without tumor. The patient recovered uneventfully, and after 1 year had not experienced further complications.

Anthracosilicosis↗
PubMed1991

[Supplementary criteria of evaluation of health status in selecting the personnel for work in coal mines].

200 newly-engaged young miners were medically examined in an outpatient department. The routine examination techniques were supplemented with studies of the changes after 2 minute-long inhalations of 0.6% acetylcholine chloride and mine dust (78 mg/m3), hemodynamics and electrocardiography indices, as well as the indices of the immunologic and hormonal state. Established was diversified manifestations of the respiratory tract's response to the aerogenic irritations, combined with deviations in the immunologic state indices. The studies provide basis for further improvements in the preventive examination techniques for workers in coal-mining industries.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1991

[Evaluation of the effect of the detergent Rokafenol N-8 on the development and course of experimental pneumoconiosis caused by coal mine dust].

Experimental investigation was conducted in order to evaluate the impact of the Rokafenol N-8 detergent upon the development and course of experimental pneumoconiosis caused by mine dusts. albino rats were used for the experiment. Methodological assumptions were elaborated based on the analogy with the conditions observed at the workplaces, where means of dustiness control are used. Following experiments constituted the basis for the evaluation of the influence of Rokafenol N-8 detergent upon the development of pneumoconiotic and reactive changes in the lungs of experimental animals: following the introduction of the dust suspended in Rokafenol N-8 solution into the lungs, and following the intratracheal dust introduction--the animals were exposed to Rokafenol N-8 aerosol. After the close of the experimental period (3 and 6 months respectively), histopathological investigation of the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes, and the hydroxyproline (collagen) levels in the pulmonary tissue were determined. On the basis of the investigation results obtained it has been established that Rokafenol N-8 does not eliminate coniotic changes caused by mine dusts, and additionally, it presents an impact detrimental for the organism. Rokafenol N-8 administered both intratracheally and through inhalation causes a significant increase in the hydroxyproline (collagen) level in the pulmonary tissue.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1991

[Pathological study of 16 cases of lung cancer with long-term exposure to dusts in coal mine].

16 cases of lung cancer with long-term exposed to dusts in coal mine were studied by autopsies. This group of lung cancer's pathologic characteristics were: The mean of the age of death of the patients were 51.3 yrs, 10 years younger than that of the general population. In addition to the main tumor, multiple origin of bronchial mucosa with epithelial hyperplasia, metaplasia, and carcinoma in situ were seen. Dusts smear were seen under polar-microscope and identification by EDAX in H-800 electronic microscope. According to EDAX analysis, on the surface of some particles, Co, Cr, ions were detected.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[Occupational morbidity among coal miners in the RSFSR].

Analysis of occupational morbidity for 1982-1989 in coal extraction industry workers in the Russian Federation showed its high-level detection in coal-miners. Revealed was a decrease in dust-induced occupational diseases and a greater detection of vibration disease cases, which accounted for 50% in the occupational diseases' structure. In miners, vibration disease cases occurred equally often in coal mine face-workers and driving team workers. The face-workers also exhibited dust-induced diseases and locomotor system disorders. In open pit mines and coal-refining plants, occupational pathology cases were only sporadic. Detectability of occupational morbidity cases was highest in the Rostov Region, Kemerovo, Far-East and Komi coal mines. The performed analysis revealed factors which influence most of all the prevalent forms of occupational pathology, thus laying the basis for the elaboration of health improvement measures.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1991

[Occupational hygiene and miners' health status in the main coal mining areas of the RSFSR].

The article deals with the methological issues of preventive measures in the process of technological restructuring of mines in the Russian Federation, with due account of the hygienic stratification of different mines as to the degrees of the labour conditions' potential hazardness, regularities in and prognostics of occupational pathologies decreases and morbidity with temporary disability rates.

Anthracosilicosis↗
PubMed1991

[Epidemiology of pneumoconiosis and dust bronchitis in machine-building industry workers].

The article provides a study of pneumoconiosis morbidity rate in machine-building industry workers in 1967-1986. The pneumoconiosis prevalence was ranging from 3.9 to 0.8 cases per 1000 medical examinations performed. The disease's initial forms were predominantly diagnosed through considerably frequent (30%) cases of anthraco-tuberculosis. More complicated forms of dust bronchitis were studied in 1971-1988 and registered at approximately 1 case per 1000 medical examinations. A vivid trend towards pneumoconiosis morbidity decrease and respective age and duration of work indices' growth was found in the latter decade, which was explained by more persistent measures taken towards working conditions improvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Does the average dust concentration modify the critical dust dose leading to silicosis?].

This article is based on the established fact that there is a relationship between the probability of the occurrence of silicosis and the inhaled amount of dust, the latter being represented by the concept of "dust dose" which is a product of dust concentration multiplied by the period of exposure. On investigating the "dust dose" values in 179 former coal miners in the East German town of Zwickau, however, we found that the "dust dose" principle does not apply to low to medium dust concentrations. We can now outline our idea of the origin and development of silicosis as follows: Below an initial threshold value of the "dust dose" it is improbable that silicosis will develop. Beyond that value, i.e. at medium dust concentrations, the time that elapses between the beginning of exposure and the onset of the disease is constant, namely, 20 years. However, the "dust dose" values that trigger the disease vary greatly. For dust concentrations beyond a second threshold value matters are as originally expected: the dust dose being constant, the disease will set in the earlier, the higher the dust concentration. To visualize these effects, a smoothing mathematical evaluation method was combined with a variant of the t test.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Reference values for spirometry exemplified by FVC and FEV1 parameters--comparison of normal values of the Pathophysiology of Respiration Section and the European Society for Coal and Steel].

Reference values published by the Section Pathophysiology of Breathing in the Society for Pulmology and Tuberculosis of the GDR and reference values of European Community for Coal and Steel (EGKS) were compared on example of FVC and FEV1. It was found a relative well accordance of reference values of FVC and FEV1 in younger and middle-aged men of a height from 160-200 cm (between -5 to +15%). In women with a body height of 150 to 200 cm a well correlation for FVC and FEV1 is also given (-10 to +10%). Reference values are showing a more important difference with increasing age and independent of sex. There are problems concerning the reference values in male and female lower than 155 cm body height.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Pulmonary arteriolar muscularization in coal workers' pneumoconiosis and its correlation with right ventricular hypertrophy.

The relationship between the thickness of the walls of small pulmonary arteries (the medial wall thickness as a percentage of external diameter, percentage of medial thickness) in coal miners and control subjects were studied using morphometric techniques and correlated with the degree of right ventricular hypertrophy, severity of coal workers' pneumoconiosis, emphysema, and other chronic lung diseases. Pulmonary arteries less than 100 microns in external diameter were identified and the external diameter, medial thickness, and intimal thickness were quantitatively measured in the lung tissues of 57 coal miners and 15 control subjects with and without other chronic lung diseases. Coal workers' pneumoconiosis, emphysema, and right ventricular hypertrophy were assessed uniformly in all cases. The arterial wall thickness correlated with right ventricular hypertrophy, progressive massive fibrosis, and other chronic lung diseases. Severity of emphysema also showed a weak correlation. Although the functional significance of these findings is not known, we conclude that the muscularization of pulmonary arterioles provides a structural basis for the development of right ventricular hypertrophy in coal miners.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Biological testing of fibrogenic effect of dust from the "Gliwice" mine on the lung tissue].

Animal study was carried out to determine biological aggressiveness of mining dust by means of pulmonary tests. Dust samples, 50 mg settled dust, a mixture from 3 different mine layers (sample A) and 50 mg dust collected by the gravimetric method from different mine layers (sample B) were administered in two respective test groups by a single intratracheal injection. Silica content, determined according to Polezhayev, was found to range from 4.6% (sample A) to 12.7% (sample B). In months 3 and 6 of the experiment lung content of hydroxyproline was determined following Stegemann. Biochemical tests for hydroxyproline content revealed highest increase in the lungs of Group 2 animals 6 months after the onset of the experiment (10.312 mg). Very similar result was obtained in Group 1, with injected settled dust mixture: hydroxyproline level amounted to 10.214 mg. Both sample A and sample B induced elevated level of lung hydroxyproline although silica content in dust sample differed considerably. The study revealed that the biological aggressiveness of settled dust was not proportionate to the content of pure silica. It is thought that increased fibrogenic potentials of the settled dust may have resulted from defected crystalline structure of silica due to the grinding of the mineral in a hand-mill.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗