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Results for “AORTA, ABDOMINAL”

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PubMed2000

Accumulation of calcium and phosphorus in the mitral valve in comparison with the abdominal aorta and the scaphoid bone.

To clarify why calcification of the mitral valve occurred, the authors chose the abdominal aorta and the scaphoid bone among many arteries and bones, and they studied both relationships in element contents between the mitral valve and the abdominal aorta and between the mitral valve and the scaphoid bone. The subjects consisted of 11 men and 8 women, ranging in age from 52 to 96 yr. The accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred progressively with aging in the mitral valve, whereas it became the highest in the sixties in the abdominal aorta and did not increase thereafter. The accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the abdominal aorta earlier than the thoracic aorta, in which it became remarkable in the seventies. It should be noted that in regard to the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus, no significant correlations were found between the mitral valve and the abdominal aorta. It is suggested that calcification of the abdominal aorta is not essentially accompanied by calcification of the mitral valve. The scaphoid bone was chosen among many bones consisting mainly of spongy bone and the relationship was examined between the calcium content in the mitral valve and the bone mineral density of the scaphoid bone. It was found that there was a low relationship between them. Therefore, it is suggested that a part of the surplus calcium released from bones is deposited in the mitral valve.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

Hypoplasia of the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta: a report of two cases and review of the literature.

Hypoplasia of the thoracic and abdominal aorta, referred to as atypical, elongated, or diffuse coarctation, is an exceedingly rare cardiovascular anomaly. Congenital, acquired, inflammatory, and infectious etiologies have been described. Symptoms typically occur within the first three decades of life and include hypertension, lower extremity claudication, and mesenteric ischemia. The condition is considered a life-threatening emergency as a result of the complications associated with severe hypertension. Diagnosis is best made with angiography. Surgical bypass grafting is the optimal method of treatment and must be tailored depending on the distribution of disease. We report two cases of diffuse hypoplasia involving the thoracic and abdominal aorta treated with thoracic aorta to abdominal aorta bypass.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Mobile thrombi in the abdominal aorta in cases of lower extremity embolic arterial occlusion: value of extended transthoracic echocardiography.

BACKGROUND: Lower extremity embolic arterial occlusion is often associated with proximal atherosclerotic and/or aneurysmal disease. Fixed atherosclerotic disease of the abdominal aorta has been demonstrated by ultrasonography, tomographic studies, and aortography, but mobile debris has not previously been described. We report detection of mobile thrombi in the abdominal aorta during transthoracic echocardiography screening in 6 patients with lower extremity embolic arterial occlusion. METHODS: Six patients were referred to the echocardiography laboratory for evaluation of a source of peripheral arterial embolism. The transthoracic echocardiogram was extended to include longitudinal and transverse images of the abdominal aorta. Additional investigations included abdominal ultrasound (6 patients), computed tomography (2 patients), angiography (2 patients), and transesophageal echocardiography (4 patients). RESULTS: Six patients (4 men, 2 women, aged 46 to 79 years) presented with a blue toe syndrome consistent with atheroembolism. During transthoracic echocardiography with examination of the abdominal aorta, all were found to have significant atherosclerotic disease of the abdominal aorta with one or more mobile components. This finding had a significant impact on treatment of each patient. Surgical resection of the involved portion of the abdominal aorta in one patient demonstrated an ulcerated atheroma with overlying thrombus. CONCLUSION: In patients with lower extremity embolic arterial occlusion, evaluation of the abdominal aorta during transthoracic echocardiography should be a routine extension of the echocardiographic examination. The finding of mobile thrombi in the abdominal aorta identifies a potential source of embolism for which effective treatment exists.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

Use of Palmaz stents in a newborn with congenital aneurysms and coarctation of the abdominal aorta.

Anomalies of the abdominal aorta are rare in the pediatric population limiting the reported knowledge base from which management decisions can be made. A 3-week-old male with congenital abdominal aortic coarctation and multiple aneurysms presented with malignant hypertension. We report the safe deployment of overlapping Palmaz stents using a 4-French catheter delivery system with significant relief of the coarctation gradient and restoration of adequate renal perfusion.

Angiography↗

PubMed2001

Anomalies of the abdominal aorta in Williams-Beuren syndrome--another cause of arterial hypertension.

UNLABELLED: Vascular disease in Williams-Beuren syndrome is based on an elastin arteriopathy which may cause stenoses in small and great vessels. This study presents the pattern of stenotic lesions of the abdominal aorta and the incidence of arterial hypertension. From 112 patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome followed since 1975, 25 patients were studied by aortography. The diameter of the thoracic aorta and the change in diameter to the iliac bifurcation were compared with normal data. Renal artery stenosis was suspected when the proximal vessel diameter was less than 50% of the distal diameter. Of the 25 patients, 20 had vascular stenosis of whom 19 patients were affected by segmental narrowing either of the thoracic aorta (n=9) or the abdominal aorta (n = 7) or both (n = 3). Hypoplasia of the abdominal aorta was characterised by the smallest diameters at the renal artery level and an increased diameter of the infrarenal abdominal aorta. A total of 11 patients had renal arterial stenosis, associated with narrowing of other aortic segments in 10 cases. Only one patient had a solitary stenosis of the renal artery. Arterial hypertension was diagnosed in 17 patients, 2 of them had no vascular lesions; in the remaining 15 patients stenosis was present in more than one segment (aorta 6, renal artery stenosis 1, both 8). CONCLUSION: Narrowing of the abdominal aorta in patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome is a frequent morphological manifestation of the arteriopathy. Isolated renal arterial stenosis was rare, since it was more frequently combined with a narrowed aorta. Hypertension is a common symptom in the affected group and must be regarded as a manifestation of generalised arteriopathy rather than renal hypoperfusion.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

[Conventional surgery versus endovascular surgery in a patient who undergoes an abdominal aorta aneurism. Nursing treatment].

Patients diagnosed with an Abdominal Aorta Aneurism who undergo an operation using either conventional surgery or endovascular surgery require a series of different nursing treatment. The authors comparatively analyze nursing treatment applied to patients who have undergone an abdominal aorta aneurism according to the technique used; their study is retrospective, observational and comparative for all 61 patients who underwent an abdominal aorta aneurism in the Navarre Hospital in 2004. The authors describe both techniques, their advantages and inconveniences, and in a well-developed comparative manner, point out the differences in nursing treatment during post-operative care. Part of this study was presented in a poster format at the XVII National Congress on Vascular Nursing.

Analgesia, Patient-Controlled↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The evaluation of the abdominal aorta: a "how-to" for cardiac sonographers.

A thorough evaluation of the abdominal aorta can be readily achieved by use of the standard views of the echocardiographic examination. The ultrasound evaluation of the abdominal aorta represents a logical extension of the standard echocardiographic examination of the adult patient. This article provides the information needed to carry out a complete ultrasound examination of the abdominal aorta including the anatomy, the vascular disease, and the steps involved in accomplishing the ultrasound examination of the abdominal aorta.

Aortic Dissection↗

PubMed1980

Surgical treatment of chronic occlusive disease of the enteric visceral branches of the abdominal aorta. Experience with 119 operations.

Whenever abdominal circulatory disorders are caused by obstruction of the abdominal aortic visceral branches, adequate blood flow may be restored only by surgical intervention. With the development of symptoms suggesting inadequate collateral circulation and disturbance of splanchnic blood supply, operation is indicated. The choice of operation depends on the nature and the cause of the disease and the type of occlusion. With intravascular obstruction, correction of blood flow may be achieved by a reconstructive procedure. In many patients with extravascular compression of the celiac artery, adequate flow is restored by simple external decompression. The present communication is based on experience with 119 operations, 102 reconstructive and 17 decompressive. Of the 102 reconstructive procedures, 94 were complex with one-stage revascularization of several arteries. Transaortic endarterectomy as described in our method of choice although with widespread lesions resection and replacement is preferred. A thoracolumbar approach is the most expedient incision for reconstruction. The results obtained provide evidence for the effectiveness of surgical treatment of chronic occlusive disease of the visceral branches of the abdominal aorta.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Aortoazygos fistula from gunshot wound to the suprarenal abdominal aorta.

Missile injury to the suprarenal abdominal aorta is particularly morbid. Most patients with this injury succumb before arrival in the emergency room. The reported case is unique in that the aortic injury spontaneously decompressed into the azygos vein system, allowing early hemodynamic stability. Diagnostic and therapeutic problems included the lack of evidence of azygos dilatation on the early X-ray and difficulty in achieving control of the false aneurysm and fistula. We recommend exploration of all periaortic hematomas.

Aorta, Abdominal↗

PubMed1983

Acute dissection confined to the abdominal aorta.

Acute dissection confined to the abdominal aorta is extremely rare. A case is presented in which the condition was lethal. Although the patient had a history of pituitary insufficiency, the etiology was shown to be atherosclerosis.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1986

Arylamidase activity in the rabbit spinal cord after ligation of the abdominal aorta.

Effect of ischaemia, induced by abdominal aorta occlusion, and subsequent survival on the activity of arylamidases was studied in the lumbar and cervical spinal cord of the rabbit. No effect of 40 min ischaemia on the activity of arylamidases was found either in homogenates or in subcellular fractions of the spinal cord. In the lumbar spinal cord a moderate decrease in arylamidase activity was observed after 1 day of survival and a marked decrease was found after 4 days. The decrease were localized in the microsomal and, particularly, in the cytosole fraction. No changes were found in the cervical spinal cord at the corresponding intervals.

Aminopeptidases↗

PubMed1982

[Quantitative-histomorphological study of the abdominal aorta in children and adolescents].

127 abdominal aortas of children and adolescents aged 0-20 years were examined histomorphologically. The quantitative analysis gave the following results: (1) The intimal thickness increases continuously with age. The maximal intimal growth can be observed between the 1st and 3rd and the 12th and 19th year of age, respectively. (2) The media exhibits a similar increase in thickness with a maximal growth between the 1st and 3rd and in the 12th year. (3) The intima-media index rises rapidly from birth until the 3rd year, with a plateau thereafter, and then increases again between the 14th and 18th year. (4) The mean values for these measurements were higher in males than in females in all the age groups except for the 1st year.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Effect of hemodynamic factors on atherosclerosis in the abdominal aorta.

The distribution pattern of atherosclerotic plaques in the human abdominal aorta is examined using autopsy specimens. The location of the plaques is found to be dominant where flow separation may occur in the abdominal aorta based on hemodynamic theory. This observation provides strong support for the role of flow separation with subsequent platelet aggregation in atherogenesis. The severity of plaque formed in the anterior inferior wall of the abdominal aorta is found to be affected by the branching angles of the renal arteries as deduced from experimental results using glass tube models.

Aorta, Abdominal↗

PubMed1997

Pseudocoarctation of the abdominal aorta.

The case of an asymptomatic pseudocoarctation of the abdominal aorta is reported. Pronounced kinking of the abdominal aorta was seen on angiograms, without stenosis or collateral circulation. Angiography revealed normal renal arteries originating from the malformated aortal segment. The possible etiology and the need for the therapeutical intervention are discussed.

Aged↗

PubMed1975

[Surgical treatment of aneurysm of the abdominal aorta and its branches].

A total of 168 patients with aneurysms of the abdominal aorta and of its branches were examined, 117 of them were operated on. The leading method of surgery for abdominal aorta aneurysms consists in a resection of the aneurysm and its subsequent prosthetic repair. The choice of the operative technique for the aneurysms of the visceral branches and renal arteries depends on the localization and size of the aneurysm, on the importance of the diseased vessel in the blood supply to the digestive organs, as well as the organ which blood supply is impaired. The improvement of the operative technique and of the postoperative care of patients with abdominal aorta aneurysms helped to decrease the number of postoperative complications and the mortality in the recent years. Further improvement of the results of surgery for aneurysms of the abdominal aorta and its branches requires timely hospitalization of such patients in specialized vascular departments and further perfection of the operative technique.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

Natural history of ascending thrombosis of the abdominal aorta.

During 1980, 30 patients underwent successful operations for ascending thrombosis of the abdominal aorta in its three forms: low (below the inferior mesenteric artery, 11 patients); middle (above the inferior mesenteric artery, 6 patients); and high (at the level of the renal arteries, 13 patients). An angiogram that reveals high ascending thrombosis of the abdominal aorta is paradoxically more favorable than one that reveals middle or low ascending thrombosis of the abdominal aorta. In fact, the patient with a juxtarenal thrombosis has already overcome two of the three phases that constitute the critical moments of potential failure of the collateral circulation. Progressive ascending thrombosis with a poor prognosis and a rapidly downward course can cause acute ischemia with paraplegia of the legs and intestinal infarction. Most patients die suddenly in the emergency or intensive care unit from paraplegia, acute abdomen, or anuria; the latter is due to further progressive thrombosis with obstruction of the orifice of the renal arteries. On the basis of the angiogram only (apart from subjective symptoms), ascending thrombosis of the abdominal aorta constitutes an absolute indication for surgical treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Coarctation of the abdominal aorta.

Coarctation of the abdominal aorta represents an unusual but surgically treatable form of hypertension. The cause is somewhat controversial but generally can be traced to congenital or acquired origins. A case is presented in which the anomaly appears to be congenital. The variability in anatomy and subsequent treatment are discussed along with appropriate evaluation of the problem.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1988

Coarctation of the abdominal aorta.

Coarctation of the abdominal aorta remains a surgically treatable cause of hypertension in children and young adults. Average age of the patients is 21 years at the time of diagnosis and a second peak in the fourth to fifth decade. If left untreated, most patients die as a result of complications from untreated hypertension by the age of 35 years. Aortography remains the diagnostic test of choice with associated visceral and renal artery stenoses occurring in 26% of cases. Of the 146 cases reported, 109 had surgical treatment with an operative mortality rate of 6.9%. Of those patients having surgery 96% were normotensive or were easily controlled postoperatively with antihypertensive medications. Because claudication is a minor problem in most cases, surgical correction of the hypertension by hepatorenal or splenic-renal bypasses may be the preferred initial surgical treatment in patients without significant visceral artery involvement or severe symptomatic lower extremity ischemia.

Adolescent↗