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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Structural dependence of apatite formation on titania gels in a simulated body fluid.

The apatite-forming ability of titania gels with different structures has been investigated in a simulated body fluid with ion concentrations nearly equal to those of human blood plasma. Titania gels with an amorphous structure or with an anatase or rutile structure were prepared by the sol-gel process with a subsequent heat treatment at various temperatures. The titania gels with an amorphous structure did not induce apatite formation on their surfaces in the simulated body fluid, whereas gels with an anatase or rutile structure induced apatite formation on their surfaces. The deposition of apatite was more pronounced on the anatase gels than on the rutile gels. This indicates that a specific structure of titania is effective in inducing apatite formation in a body environment. Such a specific structure was assumed in this study to be the crystalline planar arrangement in the anatase structure, which facilitates epitaxy of the apatite crystal.

Apatites↗
PubMed1998

Quasi-biological apatite film induced by titanium in a simulated body fluid.

Commercially pure titanium (c.p.Ti) is capable of inducing the formation of a carbonated apatite onto its surface in a simulated body fluid (SBF) comprised of calcium ions, phosphate ions, and other inorganic species present in the body fluid. In addition to the incorporation of carbonate ions, such formed apatite has other important characteristics of the bone mineral phase, such as a small crystal size and ionic substitution by Mg2+ and Cl-. Thus, we call this apatite a quasi-biological apatite. The formation of the quasi-biological apatite is proposed to be related to TiOH groups that develop on the titanium surface through interaction with the SBF. The results suggest that titanium implants may be activated such that they can form a strong bond with bone tissue through the in vivo formation of apatite. Since the solution can reach any open space, the process discussed in this study is very suitable for coating porous titanium implants with a quasi-biological apatite film.

Apatites↗
PubMed1981

Body fluid composition in chronic renal failure.

Studies were performed to assess body fluid composition alterations occurring in 10 patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Red cell mass (RCM), plasma volume (PV), extracellular fluid volume (ECF), and total body water (TBW) were assessed 24 hours following hemodialysis to dry weight, following infusion of normal saline to increase body weight by approximately 2 kg, and following hemodialysis to decrease body weight by approximately 2 kg. Results demonstrate that TBW constituted from 48.5 to 51.0% of body weight. The ECF constituted from 41.8 to 46.3% of the total body water. The ratio of PV to interstitial fluid (ISF) volume (ISF = ECF - PV) approximated 1.1 to 1.2:3. Salt and water alterations (isotonic saline infusion and ultrafiltration) were restricted to the ECF component of the TBW. In the ECF, it was principally the ISF that buffered salt and water expansion or depletion. There was no evidence for volume alterations in the intracellular fluid (ICF = TBW - ECF). We conclude that the ISF is the buffer zone which maintains the proper balance and relationship between vascular capacity and volume.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Flehmen response in bull: role of vaginal mucus and other body fluids of bovine with special reference to estrus.

The present investigation was carried out with a view to evaluate the frequency of Flehmen behaviour in bull in response to body fluids of cows in various stages of the estrous cycle, in the context of estrus detection. The study was performed on free moving bulls under natural conditions. Samples of vaginal mucus, saliva, faeces and milk of pro-estrus, estrus and di-estrus stages collected from donor cows were rubbed individually onto the genital regions of non-estrus animals (dummy cows) and the bulls were observed for 30 min for assessment of Flehmen behaviour. The duration of Flehmen behaviour shown by bulls was maximum towards the dummy cows receiving estrus sample. Such Flehmen behaviour, however, did not occur in bulls in response to the cows receiving samples of other stages. The statistical significance was higher (P < 0.001) in exhibiting repeated Flehmen behaviour towards estrus as compared to those of pro-estrus and di-estrus. Among the various body fluids tested, the exhibition of Flehmen behaviour was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in response to estrus vaginal fluid. No response was observed on dummy cows (control) to which only water was applied on the genital region. The results suggest that vaginal mucus may act as an additional/secondary source along with urine in eliciting copulatary behaviour and executing coitus in bulls during estrus. The results further suggest that in addition to vaginal mucus, other body fluids like saliva, faeces and milk have estrus-related odours and are probably involved in bovine bio-communication.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Use of a thick-film capillary column for the analysis of organic acids in body fluids.

An improved method for the identification and quantification of organic acids in body fluids employing capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has been developed. A thick-film capillary column, that combines the properties of a capillary column with those of a megabore column, has been successfully introduced into an existing method. Analysis over a concentration range from 1 mumol/l to 500 mumol/l body fluid is possible. This permits the assay of samples that are usually obtained in small volumes, e.g. cerebrospinal fluid.

Acids↗
PubMed1997

Extracellular calmodulin-binding proteins in body fluids of animals.

The extracellular calmodulin-binding proteins (CaMBPs) were investigated in body fluids of animals by using the biotinylated calmodulin gel overlay method. Four major CaMBPs with molecular masses of 24, 31.5, 44/45 and 94 kDa were detected in serum, two of 24 and 63 kDa in bovine milk and three of 14, 24 and 52 kDa in human saliva. It suggested that extracellular CaMBPs exist commonly in body fluids of animals, and this result may provide a new clue for understanding the role of extracellular calmodulin.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Body fluid volume regulation in elasmobranch fish.

This review addresses an often overlooked aspect of elasmobranch osmoregulation, i.e., control of body fluid volume. More specifically the review addresses the impact of changes in blood volume in elasmobranchs exposed to different environmental salinities. Measurement of blood volume in the European lesser-spotted dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula, following acute and chronic exposure to 80% and 120% seawater (SW) is reported. In 80%, 100% and 120% SW-adapted S. canicula, blood volume was 6.3+/-0.2, 5.6+/-0.2 and 4.6+/-0.2 mL 100 g(-1) body mass, respectively. Blood volume was significantly higher and lower in 80% and 120% SW-acclimated animals compared to 100% SW controls. Comparisons are made between these results and previously published data. The role of drinking and volume regulation in elasmobranchs is discussed. For the first time measured water reabsorption rates and solute flux rates across the elasmobranch intestinal epithelia are presented. Water reabsorption rates did not differ between 100% SW-adapted bamboo shark, Chiloscyllium plagiosum, and fish acutely transferred to 140% SW. For the most part net solute flux rates and direction for both the 100% and 140% SW groups were the same with the exception of a net efflux of chloride and potassium in the 140% group and influx of these ions in the 100% adapted group. The significance of the intestine as part of the overall elasmobranch osmoregulatory strategy is discussed as is the role of the kidneys, rectal gland and gills in the regulation of body fluid volume in this class of vertebrates.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) on renal excretion of sodium and water, and on body fluid volume in rats.

Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) on urine volume and urinary sodium excretion, and on plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume were examined in conscious rats. The basal urine volume and urinary sodium excretion were decreased and the increased urine volume and urinary sodium excretion elicited by saline load (25 ml/kg) and by hydrochlorothiazide (10 mg/kg) were inhibited after oral administration of NSAID in doses which inhibited the rat carrageenin-induced hind paw edema (indomethacin, 1--10 mg/kg; tolmetin, 3--30 mg/kg; phenylbutazone, 3--30 mg/kg; aspirin, 30--300 mg/kg), but aminopyrine (30--300 mg/kg) did not show such an effect. The inhibitory activity on renal function was diminished gradually with repeated administration of NSAID. NSAID (indomethacin, 3 mg/kg; tolmetin, 10 mg/kg; phenoxybenzamin, 10 mg/kg; aspirin, 100 mg/kg) increased plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume of rats after repeated medication for 3 or 5 days, but the body fluid volume expansion disappeared with further repeated administration of NSAID. These results suggest that NSAID may inhibit the intrarenal role of prostaglandins and decrease sodium and water excretion in urine with resulting increased body fluid volume. Tolerance to these actions of NSAID developed after repeated administration.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Effects of simulated body fluid flowing rate on bone-like apatite formation on porous calcium phosphate ceramics].

Objective. Bone-like apatite formation on the surface of calcium phosphate ceramics was believed to be the necessary step that new bone grows on the ceramics and to be relative to the osteoinductivity of the material. This study aimed at investigating the influence of the flow rate of simulated body fluid (SBF) (2 ml/min) in skeletal muscle upon the formation of bone-like apatite on porous calcium phosphate ceramics. Method. The dynamic condition was realized by controlling the SBF flowing in/out of the sample chamber of 100 ml. The flow rate of 2 ml/min is close to that in human muscle environment. The pH and inorganic ionic composition of SBF are close to those of human body fluid. Result. Bone-like apatite formation was relatively easier to occur in static SBF than in dynamic SBF. Experiment with flowing SBF (dynamic SBF) is better in mimicking the living body fluid than static SBF. Conclusion. The results from dynamic SBF may more truly show the relation between apatite layer formation and osteoinduction in biomaterials than that from in vitro experiments before.

Apatites↗
PubMed1990

Concentration of placental protein 19 in body fluid and placental tissues.

Placental protein 19 (PP19) is one of the new placental tissue proteins identified in extracts from human term placenta by Bohn and Winkler. We measured the PP19 concentration in body fluids and placental tissue by radioimmunoassay; the minimum detectable dose of standard was 1.5 ng/ml. Although ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA-2K) inhibited the immunoreaction between PP19 (225/242) and anti-PP19 antibody (632 ZA), the PP19 concentration did not differ between serum and heparin and sodium citrate plasmas. The serum PP19 concentration was increased by hemolysis. In blood cell fractions separated by the Ficoll-Paque/Macrodex method, polymorphonuclear leukocyte fraction contained the highest PP19 concentration. The circulating serum PP19 concentration was 4.5 +/- 1.1 ng/ml (mean +/- standard deviation) in the proliferative phase (n = 8) and 5.1 +/- 1.6 ng/ml in the secretory phase (n = 7) for nonpregnant women, and 4.6 +/- 2.2 ng/ml from men (n = 12). Seminal plasma (n = 8) contained 212.2 +/- 99.7 ng/ml. The maternal serum PP19 concentration in 291 normal pregnancies increased from 6.2 ng/ml (median) at 6-7 weeks of gestation to 34.1 ng/ml at 38-39 weeks. The mean PP19 concentration was higher in amniotic fluid and retroplacental blood, but lower in umbilical cord blood than that in circulating maternal serum. In hydatidiform mole, vesicular fluid contained high PP19 concentration (1154.6 +/- 659.5 ng/ml), although these maternal serum concentration was not statistically higher than normal range. The chorionic villous trophoblast contained more PP19 than decidua, chorion, and amnion. These results suggest that PP19 has an extraplacental source, even though the chorionic villous trophoblast may be the main source throughout pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The supraoptic nucleus: afferents from areas involved in control of body fluid homeostasis.

Physiological evidence indicates that the supraoptic nucleus may be an important integrating region for information relating to body fluid homeostasis. It is known that the supraoptic nucleus receives neural influences from brain receptive zones for plasma osmolality and angiotensin II, as well as from relay centers for blood pressure and blood volume. It is also known that these influences interact to modulate vasopressin release from the supraoptic nucleus. Therefore, a detailed investigation of the neurochemical afferents to the supraoptic nucleus from regions of the lamina terminalis and the brainstem was undertaken. Injection of a fluorescent retrograde tracer, doxorubicin, into the supraoptic nucleus was combined with histochemistry of angiotensin II and catecholamines. Following supraoptic nucleus injection, retrograde label was found in forebrain neurons of the subfornical organ, median preoptic nucleus, and organum vasculosum of the lamina terminals. Some labeled cells in the subfornical organ and organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis were also found to contain angiotensin II immunoreactivity. In the brainstem, retrograde label was found in neurons of the A1, A2 and A6 cell groups. Many of these cells were also found to contain catecholamine fluorescence or tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity. Corroboration of the A2 projection was obtained by lesions of this nucleus, which reduced catecholamine fluorescence in the supraoptic nucleus. These findings provide an anatomical basis for the functional observations that the supraoptic nucleus plays a key integrative role in the maintenance of body fluid homeostasis.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1997

Accidental exposures to blood and body fluids among health care workers in dental teaching clinics: a prospective study.

The authors evaluated accidental exposures to blood and body fluids reported to a hotline or to health officials at four dental teaching clinics. The authors used a standard questionnaire to solicit and record data regarding each exposure. During a 63-month period, 428 parenteral exposures to blood or body fluids were documented. Dental students and dental assistants had the highest rates of exposure. Syringe needle injuries were the most common type of exposure, while giving injections, cleaning instruments after procedures and drilling were the activities most frequently associated with exposures.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1990

Sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the determination of eugenol in body fluids.

The high-performance liquid chromatographic assay described permitted a simple, rapid, sensitive, selective and precise quantitative determination of eugenol in body fluids (serum, urine and bile) without derivatization. Amounts in the range 0.02-100 micrograms of eugenol per millilitre of body fluid were determined with intra-assay coefficients of variation below 4% (3.72-1.13%). The short analysis time for each sample and the selectivity even at low concentrations made this assay suitable for pharmacokinetic studies. Eugenol undergoes a pronounced first-pass effect; in serum, unconjugated eugenol was not detected after an oral dose of 150 mg. The kinetics of eugenol conjugates were measured. More than 80% of the dose was excreted within 6 h after oral administration.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Persistence of antibodies in blood and body fluids in decaying fox carcasses, as exemplified by antibodies against Microsporum canis.

To assist in evaluating serological test results from dead animals, 10 silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and 10 blue foxes (Alopex lagopus), 6 of each species previously vaccinated against and all challenged with Microsporum canis, were blood sampled and euthanased. Fox carcasses were stored at +10 degrees C, and autopsy was performed on Days 0, 2, 4, 7, and 11 post mortem during which samples from blood and/or body fluid from the thoracic cavity were collected. Antibodies against M. canis were measured in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as absorbance values (optical density; OD). To assess the degradation of antibodies, the ratio between post mortem and ante mortem absorbance was calculated. The mean absorbance from samples collected during autopsy was generally lower than from samples from live animals. In blood samples, this difference increased significantly with time (P = 0.04), while in body fluid samples the difference decreased (not significant; P = 0.18). We suggest that a positive serological result from testing blood or body fluid of a dead animal may be regarded as valuable, although specific prevalences obtained by screening populations based on this type of material may represent an under-estimation of the true antibody prevalence. Negative serological test results based on material from carcasses may be less conclusive, taken into account the general degradation processes in decaying carcasses, also involving immunoglobulin proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Experimental studies on diffusion of gentamicin into body fluids (author's transl)].

For the purpose of measuring concentrations of gentamicin (GM) into body fluids (pancreatic juice, abdominal cavity, and bile) after intramuscular injection, the authors conducted experiments using adult mongrel dogs with following results. 1) The highest concentration in pancreatic juice was observed 1 approximately 1.5 hours after single intramuscular administration of 4 mg/kg. The highest concentration was 51.3% of that in blood. 2) The highest concentration in bile was observed 30 minutes approximately 1 hour after single intramuscular administration of GM. The concentration was about 50% of that in blood. 3) The diffusion of GM into the abdominal cavity was good after single intramuscular administration. 4) The rate of urinary excretion was high as is generally known.

Adolescent↗