PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Bone Substitutes”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed2007

Hollow bone cement filled with impacted cancellous bone as a substitute for bone grafts in cervical spine fusion.

Autogenous iliac crest bone is the gold standard for graft material in cervical spinal fusion, but a high incidence of donor site morbidity has been reported. Therefore, to achieve a better fusion rate and decrease the rate of donor site morbidity, we used a novel method whereby hollow bone cement filled with impacted cancellous bone is used as a substitute for bone graft in cervical interbody fusion. From 2003 to 2004, 21 patients with cervical spinal disorders who were treated using this method were included in this study. Fourteen patients underwent single-level grafts and seven underwent two-level grafts. Evaluation included a monthly clinical and X-ray examination for the first 3 months, and then follow-up every 3 months thereafter. Multiple-slice computed tomography (CT) scan with reconstruction to evaluate the viability of the bone graft was performed when evidence of bone fusion was found on X-ray. The mean age of the patients was 59 years (range 27-79). The mean follow-up period was 19 months (13-24 months). Evidence of impacted cancellous bone bridging the adjacent vertebral body was observed in all patients at the 6-month follow-up based on X-rays and reconstructive CT scans. No severe donor site morbidity occurred. One patient experienced hardware failure due to screw fracture, but a reconstructive CT scan revealed well-bridged cancellous bone between the vertebral bodies. Hollow bone cement filled with impacted cancellous bone could be an alternative material for cervical spine interbody fusion. Using this method, we found not only satisfactory growth of cancellous bone in the holes of the bone cement, but also low morbidity in the donor site. However, for this method, the long-term stability, potential complications, and the necessity of instrumentation all require further investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Functional outcomes of bone graft substitutes for benign bone tumors.

Benign bone tumors are frequently treated surgically by intralesional excision with grafting. Due to the significant morbidity associated with autogenous graft, there is interest in bone graft substitutes. Ninety-eight consecutive patients with benign bone tumors treated by intralesional excision with bone graft substitutes were retrospectively reviewed. Functional scores using the International Symposium of Limb Salvage (ISOLS) system were obtained at most recent follow-up. The mean functional score was 28.3 out of 30 (94%). Three patients suffered fractures that ultimately healed with management. There were no local recurrences. Based on results of this study, bone graft substitutes are a reasonable alternative to autogenous grafting with a successful functional outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Use of a calcium sulfate-based bone graft substitute for benign bone lesions.

Twenty-three patients with a benign bone lesion grafted with calcium sulfate, with and without demineralized bone matrix, were reviewed. At a minimum of 1 year postoperatively, 21 patients had achieved between 76% and 100% bone repair based on anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. Overall, the mean Enneking Functional Evaluation System score was 98%. Calcium sulfate is a well-tolerated, biodegradable, osteoconductive bone graft substitute. It is a reasonable alternative to autogenous bone graft for benign bone lesions.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed1996

Coralline hydroxyapatite bone graft substitutes. Evaluation of bone density with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The authors evaluate whether dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a reliable method to determine the density of natural coralline hydroxyapatite (HA) blocks used as bone graft substitutes. METHODS: To evaluate the basic density of HA blocks from the same coral heads with and without titanium meshes, densitometry of 12 HA-500 blocks (genus Goniopora) and 12 HA-200 blocks (genus Porites) was performed. In addition, density measurements of 30 HA blocks (HA-500, n = 15; HA-200, n = 15) from different coral heads were obtained to assess if the originating coral head influences the basic density of blocks within one coral genera. To assess standard deviation serial measurements on eight coralline HA blocks, four with titanium meshes and four without were performed. In the ex vivo study, densitometry of 12 HA blocks (HA-500, n = 4; HA-200, n = 8) used as bone graft substitutes in the mandibles and craniums of adult mongrel dogs was performed. Densities were measured after bone ingrowth for 2 and 4 months, respectively. All measurements were obtained with a Lunar DPX with scan mode "slow 750" in the spine program with the regions-of-interests selected manually. Bone ingrowth was assessed by computer-assisted histomorphometry, which was considered the gold standard. Statistical analysis was performed to correlate the densities of plain HA blocks with and without meshes to the specific weights of the blocks. RESULTS: Significant positive correlation was found between the density of each HA block (both coral species) with and without meshes and the calculated specific weights. Densitometry values showed no significant differences depending on the originating coral heads. Standard deviation ranged between +/- 3.8% and +/- 4.1% (HA-500) and between +/- 3.0% and +/- 3.8% (HA-200). Hydroxyapatite-500 blocks showed marked increased densities between 15% and 34% after 4 months in three specimens in which bone ingrowth between 16.9% and 21.1% was revealed by histomorphometry; no increase of density was observed in one specimen, which presented only minimal bone ingrowth and signs of infection. Despite bone invasion between 12% and 25.8%, no increased densities were observed for HA-200 implants. CONCLUSIONS: Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry is an accurate and reproducible modality to assess the densities of plain coralline HA blocks and to monitor bone ingrowth into coralline HA-500 but not into HA-200 block implants.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1995

Does xenogeneic demineralized bone matrix have clinical utility as a bone graft substitute?

Autologous bone harvested from the iliac crest is a commonly used grafting material for a number of surgical procedures; however, there is documented morbidity associated with secondary site harvesting. Because demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is inherently osteoinductive (i.e., it facilitates differentiation of uncommitted connective tissue cells into bone-forming cells), it has potential appeal as a bone-graft substitute. Allogeneic DBM usage has intrinsic shortcomings related to procuring, processing and characterizing bone from a human donor pool. Xenogeneic bone represents an unlimited supply of available material if it can be processed to render it safe for transplantation to the human host. It is hypothesized that reported immunogenicity and non-viability of xenogeneic DBM results from lipids and plasma proteins not removed during typical demineralization processes. The authors propose a rigorous examination of this hypothesis, followed by several pivotal studies to determine the effectiveness of xenogeneic DBM.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Clinical applications of bone graft substitutes.

Autogenous bone grafting remains the gold standard for osseous reconstruction in clinical practice. It is associated with several limitations. The search for an alternative bone graft substitute with combined osteoinductive, osteoconductive, and osteogenic properties continues. This article highlights the properties of the various bone grafting materials currently available and discusses their efficacy in clinical practice.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[The use of coral as a substitute for maxillofacial bone reconstruction].

A kind of coral, Porites, which was originated from the Madreporaria reef builders in Hainan Province, was studied as a bone substitute. It is almost composed of aragonite (CaCO(s)) and the structure shows interconnected micropores with a-mean diameter of 150-200 microns which is suitable for bone ingrowth. The coral was implanted successfully into the defects in inferior border of mandibles of 8 rabbits for 6 months. Then it was used clinically as a bone substitute in maxillofacial surgery for 22 patients who were followed up for 6-24 months. With X-ray, histological and clinical examination, the results showed that the coral had a good tolerance and elicited no deleterious host response. After implanted, the coral is acted as a bone conductor and can promote the bone repair of defects. It seems to be a useful bone substitute.

Animals↗