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PubMedDate not supplied

A sweep VEP test for color vision deficits in infants and young children.

PURPOSE: Color vision testing in young children typically is precluded by the motor and cognitive skills required by standard tests; yet this information can be useful for diagnosis and counseling in many conditions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a visual evoked potential (VEP) method for assessing red-green color vision anomalies in pediatric patients. METHOD: The relative chromatic luminance (C = R/R + G) of a rapidly reversing red-green checkerboard was varied across a wide range within a short viewing period (10 sec). Swept-parameter VEP methods were used to measure the cortical response to the range of C presented. RESULTS: Individuals with normal color vision exhibit a VEP response that exceeds noise levels across all values of C, often with an amplitude minima near the photopic equiluminant point (C = 0.5). Results from children with established protan and deutan color vision anomalies show loss of VEP amplitude and phase at values of C consistent with the respective color defect. A patient with achromatopsia showed a generalized depression of VEP response across all values of C tested. CONCLUSION: Color sweep VEP techniques appear promising for the clinical assessment of color status in pediatric patients.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of six colour vision tests for occupational screening.

Screening of red-green colour vision defects was done for 52 school children (22 boys and 30 girls) and 231 trade school students (226 boys and 5 girls) with three different kinds of pseudo-isochromatic plates: Ishihara (1983), Boström-Kugelberg (1972), and Standard Pseudoisochromatic Plates part 1 (SPP 1) 1978, and with three different kinds of vision screeners: Keystone View Model DVS 2, Bausch and Lomb Vision Tester, and Rodenstock Farbentestscheibe 3040.173. After these tests, each subject was examined with the Nagel Anomaloscope; this revealed 26 red-green defectives in the study group. Ishihara found 20/26 (76.9%), Boström-Kugelberg 24/26 (92.3%), and SPP 1 17/26 (65.4%) of the defectives. None of the normals were diagnosed as defectives with Ishihara or SPP 1. With Boström-Kugelberg four normals were diagnosed as defectives. Keystone found 24/26 (92.3%), Bausch and Lomb 26/26 (100%), and Rodenstock 25/26 (96.2%) of the defectives. But 9, 21, and 112 normals, respectively, were diagnosed as defective. In the present study, the Boström-Kugelberg and Ishihara plates as well as Keystone Vision Screener and Bausch and Lomb Vision tester came close to an effective screening test and could be recommended for screening red-green colour vision defects in occupational health care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Eight cases of congenital achromatopsia with amblyopia in two pedigrees from Northern Sweden.

Two families from northern Sweden with a total of 8 patients with typical symptoms of congenital achromatopsia with amblyopia were studied. In one of the families 4 affected children (3 brothers and 1 sister) also showed pallor of the optic discs and marked astigmatism. The transmission of the disease was consistent with an autosomal recessive inheritance in both families. The study confirmed that complete and incomplete achromatopsia might be different expressions of the same gene. Six out or 13 near relatives of the achromatic patients showed minor colour vision defects, suggesting a tendency towards heterozygotic manifestation of the gene.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The status of color fields today.

Pathology of the visual system can alter perception in the central and peripheral visual field. Pseudoisochromatic plates and pigment panel tests can be used to study macular color vision. Perimetric techniques using color targets extends testing to the peripheral field. This facilitates detection of early, sometimes subtle defects that are missed with conventional white-target perimetry. The stimulus conditions and methods of color perimetry are reviewed in this paper, particularly recent methodological advancements which offer a potential for increased sensitivity in detection of pathology.

Color Perception↗
PubMed1999

Colour vision disturbances in chronic smokers.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to test the influence of smoking on colour perception. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: At the University Eye Hospital Tübingen, 76 generally healthy smokers with inconspicuous ophthalmological findings (visual acuity, refraction, intraocular pressure, morphology) were examined by the cap-sorting test, Roth 28-hue desaturated. Group 1 was comprised of smokers (n = 20; M 9, F 11; mean age 28.1+/-10.3 years) with a smoking consumption of less than one packet of cigarettes per day (8.4+/-5.3 cigarettes/day) for 9.1+/-8.3 years. Group 2 consisted of smokers (n = 32; M 22, F 10; mean age 28.6+/-9.7 years) with a smoking consumption of one or more than one packet per day (30+/-8.4 cigarettes/ day) for 9.5+/-8.3 years. Generally healthy and ophthalmologically normal non-smokers served as a control group (n = 76; M 41, F 35; mean age 30+/-9 years). RESULTS: The average error score of the control group was (median +/- mean absolute deviation) 42+/-18. Group 1 showed no difference to the control group (51+/-27; P = 0.42). On the other hand, group 2 had a significantly higher error score than the control group (102+/-45; P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Otherwise healthy smokers with a cigarette consumption of less than 20 cigarettes per day do not show any disturbances in colour vision. Smokers who consume more than 20 cigarettes per day may suffer colour vision defects as a result.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A new colour vision test for clinical use.

Several tests are available for assessing colour vision but they can be expensive, complicated or too time consuming to perform. We have produced a new plate test based on pseudoisochromatic principles. The test, using an error score, examines both the red-green and blue-yellow axes, with four levels of difficulty for each axis. Results from a pilot study show that error scores from congenital red-green blind subjects are significantly higher than those of age-matched controls (p < 0.01) only when using the red-green plates and not the blue-yellow plates. In optic neuritis patients, error scores using both the red-green and blue-yellow plates were significantly higher than those of controls throughout the 6 month follow-up. The test, including scoring, takes 6 minutes to complete. These preliminary results suggest that the new test is effective for screening congenital red-green blindness and monitoring colour vision defects in acquired diseases such as optic neuritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Colour contrast thresholds in congenital colour defectives.

The influence of congenital colour defects on a clinical computer test for equiluminous colour discrimination is studied. Differences in relative spectral sensitivity and changes in colour contrast discrimination are two distinct manifestations of the abnormal genes responsible for congenital red-green defects. The very simple and rapid method of the heterochromatic flicker brightness test acts like an anomaloscope and can be used to distinguish protan and deuteran defectives. The depth of the congenital colour defect can be quantified by the colour contrast threshold measured in equiluminous conditions along a single red-green axis identical for all types of red-green colour defectives. Colour contrast thresholds in tritan colour axes are not influenced by congenital red-green defects and therefore they are of extreme clinical interest to detect and quantify acquired colour defects, even in the presence of a previously unknown congenital red-green defect.

Color Perception Tests↗