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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Computer-assisted 3D reconstruction of the terminal branches of the cerebral arteries. I. Anterior cerebral artery.

We present a three-dimensional anatomical computer model of the terminal branches of the anterior cerebral artery, acquired from equidistant serial anatomical slices of three brains. The reconstructions provide a clear picture from all angles of the complicated course of the terminal branches of the cerebral arteries, which can help to identify them on conventional and magnetic resonance angiography. Our rendition of the cerebral arteries can also be matched with CT, MR or PET images to indicate the areas of extension of individual branches, allowing neuromorphological and functional correlations.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Computer-assisted 3D reconstruction of the terminal branches of the cerebral arteries. II. Middle cerebral artery.

We present a three-dimensional anatomical computer model of the terminal branches of the middle cerebral artery, acquired from equidistant serial anatomical slices of three brains. The reconstructions provide a clear picture from all angles of the complicated course of the terminal branches of the cerebral arteries, which can help to identify them on conventional angiography and magnetic resonance angiography. The arteries can also be matched with CT, MR or PET images to indicate the areas of extension of individual branches, allowing neuromorphological and functional correlations.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Image quality degradation by light scattering in display devices.

Veiling glare and ambient light reflection can significantly degrade the quality of an image on a display device. Veiling glare is primarily associated with the diffuse spread of image signal caused by multiple light scattering in the emissive structure of the device. The glare ratio associated with a test image with a 1-cm-diameter black spot is reported as 555 for film, 89 for a monochrome monitor, and 25 for a color monitor. Diffuse light reflection results from ambient light entering the display surface and returning at random emission angles. The diffuse reflection coefficient (luminance/illuminance, 1/sr) is reported as 0.026 for film, 0.058 for a monochrome monitor, and 0.025 for a color monitor with an antireflective surface coating. Both processes increase the luminance in black regions and cause contrast reduction. Specular reflections interfere with detail in the displayed scene. The specular reflection coefficient (luminance/luminance) is reported as 0.011 for film, 0.041 for a monochrome monitor, and 0.021 for a color monitor with an antireflective coating.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Construction of parametric model of operator and workstation.

The purpose of development of a parametric model and the construction and formulation of the parametric model are described. To validate the parametric model, the distribution of the difference between the preferred and theoretical seat height settings of a number of office workers was evaluated from the standpoint of the static posture that does not change with time. The results of precise measurements made for an engineering workstation and an operator were also evaluated. Finally, the theoretical seat height settings with dynamic posture were evaluated. The validity of the parametric model was verified under the experimental conditions.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2000

Clinical quality assessment using computer monitor photoimages of optic nerve head cupping.

BACKGROUND: Photo documentation (color slides) of abnormal optic nerve heads enable the clinician to accurately access or estimate the percentage of the optic nerve cupping to quantify the progression of glaucoma. The purpose of this study is to compare cupping estimations using digital images on a computer monitor to those using standard color slides. METHODS: Ten sets of stereo optic nerve head photos from six glaucoma suspects were used in this study. A set is two 35-mm pictures of one optic nerve head. The film was developed as standard color slides using Seattle Filmworks slide developing. The computer monitor photoimages used Seattle Photoworks software for photos on disk. Thirteen experienced examiners estimated cupping on the 10 sets of color slides and on the 10 sets of digital images. Standard criterion was used to estimate the C/D percentage. We used a three-way mixed model ANOVA experimental design to analyze the data. RESULTS: Examiner estimations of C/D differed slightly between color slides and computer monitor photoimages (mean C/D of 61.1% for slides to 63.7% for monitor). This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.033). The differences authors found were not clinically significant (10%) in 7 out of the 10 optic nerve head photos using the accepted standard of interexaminer reliability. The variations of the examiner estimations as well as interexaminer differences will be discussed. CONCLUSION: The use of a computer image photodisplay of an optic nerve head has a potential as an alternative to traditional slide photodocumentation. This study identifies problems which require more work to make these computer images the equivalent of color slides.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMed1997

A binocular fiberscope for presenting visual stimuli during fMRI.

A binocular pair of fiberscopes relays high-resolution images of CRT displays from an adjacent room to an observer lying in a scanner in functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies of visual function. We review the problems that must be overcome by any visual display for use in fMRI, present the specific solution we developed, and discuss its merits. Together, the fiberscope and CRT conveniently display accurately controlled high- and low-contrast wide-field images to an observer in an fMRI scanner.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMed2000

The Cave-let: a low-cost projective immersive display.

This paper describes the design and implementation of a low-cost projective immersive display (PID), called the Cave-let. A PID immerses the user in a computer-generated three-dimensional environment that responds to the user's movements. Current devices of this nature are very expensive, so that fewer than 100 units have been installed around the world. A low-cost PID will enable a wide range of applications in areas such as telehealth, visualization, education and collaborative systems. To produce a low-cost PID, we identified the components of the design that represented the major costs. These were then redesigned with the aim of reducing cost as much as possible while preserving most of the functionality. The resulting device is suitable for a wide range of applications and is an order of magnitude less expensive than similar devices.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMed1999

Designing an interface to optimize reading with small display windows.

The extent of electronic presentation of text in small display windows is mushrooming. In the present paper, 4 ways of presenting text in a small display window were examined and compared with a normal page condition: rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP), RSVP with a completion meter, sentence-by-sentence presentation, and sentence-by-sentence presentation with a completion meter. Dependent measures were reading efficiency (speed and comprehension) and preference. For designers of hardware or software with small display windows, the results suggest the following: (a) Though RSVP is disliked by readers, the present methods of allowing self-pacing and regressions in RSVP are efficient and feasible, unlike earlier tested methods; (b) slower reading in RSVP should be achieved by increasing pauses between sentences or by repeating sentences, not by decreasing the presentation rate within a sentence; (c) completion meters do not interfere with performance and are usually preferred; (d) the space-saving sentence-by-sentence format is as efficient and as preferred as the normal page format.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Visual design for the user interface, Part 2: Graphics in the interface.

Highly interactive multimedia electronic documents pose unique graphic information design problems. This paper is a discussion of some of the graphic design considerations that are unique to electronic documents, including the challenges of adapting existing graphic design skills to electronic documents that are displayed and read from computer screens.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed2000

Practical application of ergonomic settings of typical computerised workstations.

The goal of the study was to check, with regard to ergonomics, workstations equipped with visual display terminals in selected enterprises. Over 180 workstations were tested in 3 enterprises. Most workstations were equipped with computers. The ergonomics of both the parameters of the basic components of the workstation (i.e., a chair and a desk, and the position of the computer at the workstation and its screen with respect to windows) and lighting fittings were analysed. Typical mistakes in the layout of a workstation were chairs inappropriate for computer work, as well as broken chair adjustment mechanisms, which qualified chairs for repair or replacement. Wrong positioning of monitors on the desk and with regard to windows and lighting fittings was also noted.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMed1995

Preferred viewing distances for handheld and structurally fixed displays.

This research was conducted to define viewing distance characteristics of individuals engaged in ordinary reading tasks. Specific attention was directed to assessing the potential relationship between observed distance and individual resting point accommodation. Consistent, statistically significant differences were observed across variable handheld and structurally-fixed hardcopy display configuration conditions. Relationships between observed viewing distance and resting point accommodation were not apparent. These findings suggest that simple eye-to-display viewing distance is fundamentally different for handheld text presentations and for the same text presented in a configuration similar to that of a video display terminal.

Accommodation, Ocular↗