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PubMed1982

Animal models for the study of Chlamydial infections of the urogenital tract.

Various experimental animal models have been used for the study of chlamydial infections of the urogenital tract. Experimental urethral and vaginal inoculation of guinea pigs with the guinea-pig inclusion conjunctivitis agent provoke urogenital infection. Direct inoculation of this agent into the uterine horns of guinea pigs induced an acute self-limiting salpingitis. In cats, urethritis and vaginitis have been produced with the feline keratoconjunctivitis agent. The results obtained by using the grivet monkey as an animal model for the study of chlamydial infections of the urogenital tract indicate that Chlamydia trachomatis is able to cause inflammation of the urethra, the spermatic cord, and the epididymis of male grivet monkeys. In female grivet monkeys, the organism can cause inflammation of the cervix, the endometrium, and the fallopian tubes. In some cases, tubal occlusion can be demonstrated several weeks after the inoculation.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Unusual manifestations of Chlamydia trachomatis infections.

Systemic infections with Chlamydia trachomatis are known to occur with the agents of lymphogranuloma venereum but are not generally recognized to occur with the trachoma and inclusion conjunctivitis (TRIC) agents, i.e., immunotypes A-K. The clinical spectrum of TRIC agent infections has expanded, however, and now includes deep-seated genital infections such as epididymitis and salpingitis, as well as infections in neonates. Endocarditis, pneumonia in adults, otitis media, choroiditis and erythema nodosum are unusual manifestations of C. trachomatis infections that may be seen. Meningoencephalitis, chronic palmoplantar pustulosis, and pituriasis rosea also might be associated with C. trachomatis infection. Finally, lymphogranuloma venereum may have systemic manifestations, and Chlamydia psittaci infections may be characterized by extrapulmonary involvement.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

[Human chlamydial infections (author's transl)].

Due either to Chlamydia psittaci or to Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydial infections are transmitted to man directly or indirectly via birds or mammals. Directly transmitted chlamydial infections may be located in the eye (trachoma, inclusion body conjunctivitis), the urogenital tract (above all urethritis but other sites are possible) or in the ENT or respiratory systems (giving rise in particular to atypical pneumonias). Reiter's syndrome (urethritis, conjunctivitis, polyarthritis, enterocolitis) and lymphogmauloma venereum are two more examples. Combinations of them are not rare. Indirectly transmitted chlamydial infections rarely affect man with the exception of psittacosis. Treatment is dominated by cyclines, erythromycin and for chlamydia trachomatis by sulphonamides.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Resolution of murine chlamydial genital infection by the adoptive transfer of a biovar-specific, Th1 lymphocyte clone.

MoPn-specific T-cell clones were isolated from a T-cell line that was capable of curing chlamydial genital infection by the Chlamydia trachomatis agent of mouse pneumonitis (MoPn) after adoptive transfer. Two clones (designated as 2.14-0 and 2.14-3) were characterized by flow cytometry techniques to be homogenous for L3T4, CD3, and alpha/beta T cell receptor (TcR) T-helper cell markers. The two clones were biovar specific, because they reacted to MoPn but not the Chlamydia psittaci agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis (GPIC) or C. trachomatis, serovar type E. Cytokine profile analysis, by a combination of bioassays, ELISA, and slot/Northern blotting for specific cytokine messenger RNAs, further revealed that cultures of antigen-stimulated clone 2.14-0 contained interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and gamma interferon (a T helper 1 cell [Th1] profile). Clone 2.14-3 was also positive for gamma interferon, a level much lower than that of clone 2.14-0, and negative for IL-4 secretion, suggesting a Th1 profile as well. The ability of these clones to bring about the resolution of the chronic genital chlamydial infection of nude mice was tested by the adoptive transfer of 10(7) cells of each clone into the mice. By 4 weeks after cell transfer of clone 2.14-0, 81% of recipient nude mice (30 of 37) resolved the disease. In contrast, clone 2.14-3 or a control T-cell clone specific for a heterologous antigen were unable to resolve the infection in 20 recipients in each case, even after 100 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Influence of the estrous cycle on the development of upper genital tract pathology as a result of chlamydial infection in the guinea pig model of pelvic inflammatory disease.

Guinea pigs were infected intravaginally with the chlamydial agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis at varying times during the estrous cycle. Genital tract tissues were collected 30 days after infection and processed for histopathological analysis. No difference was seen in the course of lower genital tract infection. However, a significantly greater percentage of tissues from animals infected on day 11 of the cycle were found to have chronic inflammation and fibrosis in the mesosalpinx compared to those from animals infected on day 6 or day 16. In addition, a significantly greater percentage of oviduct tissues from day 11-infected guinea pigs had marked tubal dilatation when compared to oviducts from day 6-or day 16-infected animals. The increased incidence of pathological changes was also noted in the endocervix, uterine fundus, and uterine horns but not the exocervix. These data indicate that the time of the estrous cycle and the corresponding hormonal influences may be an important influence on the development of upper genital tract disease.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Assessing the efficacy of DNA hybridization for diagnosis of adenoviral and chlamydial diseases of eyes].

Analysis of scrapings off the conjunctiva of patients with suspected adenoviral infection (n = 60) and ophthalmochlamydiasis (n = 132) by different diagnostic tests showed good prospects of using DNA hybridization: the efficacy of detecting adenoviral diseases of the eyes was 35% improved in comparison with the fluorescent antibody method with polyclonal serum and the diagnosis of ophthalmochlamydiasis was 22.8% improved in comparison with enzyme immunoassay.

Adenoviridae Infections↗

PubMed1980

Plasmacytic conjunctivitis with crystalline inclusions. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies.

A 17-year-old girl had bilateral papillary conjunctivitis. Histologically, the lesion showed mature plasmacytes, plasmacytoid cells, and large mononuclear cells that exhibited myriad intracytoplasmic crystals. Electron microscopic studies disclosed that the large mononuclear cells, which showed plasmacytic differentiation, contained numerous crystalline inclusions. The crystals were formed within the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and exhibited a regular periodicity (8 nm). Histochemical methods disclosed that the composition of the crystals was mainly protein (immunoglobulin crystals). Immunoperoxidase techniques for demonstration of immunoglobulins showed that the crystalline inclusions contained IgG. The results of immunohistochemical findings correlated with the results of immunoelectrophoresis of the patient's serum.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1963