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Results for “Contingent Negative Variation”

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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

The property of contingent negative variation (CNV) in psychiatric patients: schizophrenia and neurosis.

The CNV parameters (amplitude and morphology) and the relationship between CNV parameters and performances (motor response time) were studied on schizophrenics (15 subjects), neurotics (15 subjects) and normal controls (30 subjects divided into 2 groups) in order to clarify the property of CNV in psychiatric patients. Also, the relationship between CNV and personality traits was investigated in neurotics. Since it has been known that age, sex and psychoactive drugs influence the CNV genesis in normal subjects, the control group method was used for these factors in this study. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Mean amplitudes of CNV's for schizophrenics and neurotics in each session of control, nonresponse and recovery tended to be lower than those for normal controls. Significant differences were found between schizophrenics and normal controls. 2) Correlations between CNV amplitude and response time in schizophrenics tended to be positive, while normal controls showed significantly high negative correlations. These findings were discussed from the viewpoint of the arousal theory of CNV genesis. 3) For the neurotic patients, the personality variables appeared to influence CNV amplitude. 4) Type B-CNV was most frequently seen in all sessions for normal controls. Schizophrenics and neurotics tended to show the increment of type P-CNV in nonresponse sessions without a motor response. 5) "Field Dependency" type-CNV was not found in psychiatric patients. This result did not correspond with the data reported by other investigators. 6) Type III- and type IV-prolonged CNV's appeared almost especially in schizophrenics although type II-CNV was observed in all groups. The mechanism of genesis of the prolonged CNV's was discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The effect of motor-response-deprivation on contingent negative variation (CNV): the morphology.

Eighty-four healthy subjects (47 males and 37 females) ranging in age between 9 and 76 years were employed in a study of the relations of the CNV morphology with the CNV amplitude, the reaction time and the MPI score. The results were as follows: 1. We classified a new type of Plateau (P) in the negative-going limb (NGL) types. 2. There was no sex difference in the NGL types, but the positive-going limb (PGL) types were influenced by age, and the type II tended to increase between the ages of 40--59 years old. 3. As a whole, the type B in the NGL and the type I in the PGL were most prominent regardless of age, session or paradigm. The type FD was very rare and appeared only in the session N. The types III and IV failed to be found in any healthy subjects. 4. Using the matched control study, the relations of the morphology with the CNV amplitude, the reaction time and the MPI score were analyzed. The conventional CNV amplitude in the sessions C and R increased in the sequences of the types B-A-P and the types I-II, and the CNV amplitudes in the session N increased in the sequences of the types A-B-P and II-I. The reaction time in the sessions C and R tended to prolong in the sequences of the types P-B-A and II-I. With the MPI, as the N-score increased with a decrease of the E-score, the NGL types changed from the type P to A through B in the conventional CNV and from the type A to B or P in the session N, while the PGL types changed from the type I to II in the conventional CNV and from the type II to I in the session N. 5. We suggest that there is a twofold arousal process, specific (task-relevant) and general, behind these types and that the dynamic balance of this process may influence psychological manifestations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Age differences in contingent negative variation activity of healthy young adults and presenile subjects.

20 selected right-handed very healthy subjects (10 young adults and 10 presenile subjects mean age 28.3 and 59.6) were tested for CNV activity with a simple warned reaction time (RT) paradigm. EEG and CNV components (post-S1, N1, P2, P3; early CNV; N1200; late CNV; CNV resolution) were recorded from Fz, C3, Cz, C4, P3, Pz, and P4 referenced to linked mastoid electrodes. EOG, RT and stimuli were also recorded. The presenile group differed significantly from the younger group in the auditory post-S1 N1 and P3, and in the early (O-wave) and late (P-wave) CNV complex components. A progressive amplitude reduction only in frontal leads between O-wave and P-wave with the lowest point being reached in the P-wave was characteristic in the presenile group. Further, presenile subjects showed relatively flat CNV waveshapes of low amplitude and, as a whole, performed a little less well than young persons. This finding suggests that the statistically significant changes in post-S1 EPRs and CNV activity recorded in our presenile subjects, without appreciable deficits in behavioral and mental performance, could be alerting signs of early brain involutional processes related to minimal and subclinical decrement of orienting, attentiveness and response preparation capabilities. If such is the case and it could be confirmed in a larger sample of very healthy subjects, these age-related changes in the presenium could be of considerable practical importance for clinical and research applications.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

An independent components analysis (ICA) approach to the study of developmental differences in the saccadic contingent negative variation.

This study investigated the development of the saccadic CNV in 74 subjects aged 7-18 years, using pro- and anti-saccade tasks, and independent components analysis (ICA) for data analysis. Within the 2-stimulus paradigm, a central fixation point (S1) was followed 2.5s later by a peripheral cue (S2) presented at 4 degrees to the left or right of S1 in random order. The EEG was recorded from 40 electrodes applied over both hemispheres using a DC amplifier. With increasing age, pro- and anti-saccadic reaction times became faster, this effect being slightly more pronounced during childhood for the anti-saccade task. ICA revealed a lateral-posterior sCNV in younger children, and the known anterior-central sCNV in late adolescents. By contrast, the gaze maintenance negativity (GMNb), an anterior-central negativity accompanying the excursion of the eye, was present in all age groups. Our results underline the importance of topographical approaches in developmental ERP research and the usefulness of ICA. They suggest major task-dependent developmental differences in the spatial modulation of frontal-lobe sensitive ERP components.

Adolescent↗