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Results for “Cumulative Trauma Disorders”

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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Repetitive movement of the upper limbs: results of exposure evaluation and clinical investigation during jar packaging of preserved vegetables].

In order to assess the prevalence of work-related musculo-skeletal disorders of the upper limbs, a total population of 29 female workers in an industrial vegetable preserving plant were examined. The average age of the workers was 41.3 years (SD = 9.2), and their average length of service was 16.7 years (SD = 7.2). Only 20% of the workers were anamnestically negative, whilst 80% had one or more disorders attributable to repetitive trauma of the upper limbs. The disorders showed no prevalence for the right side, a finding in line with the risk analysis which indicated that both limbs were equally used. The results of the risk analysis and clinical assessment confirm that high-frequency actions, combined with improper posture and a shortage of suitable recovery times, play a causal role in determining the onset of the disorders studied.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Exposure assessment of upper limb repetitive movements: a consensus document developed by the Technical Committee on Musculoskeletal Disorders of International Ergonomics Association (IEA) endorsed by International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH).

This consensus document intends to supply a set of definitions, criteria and procedures useful to describe and, wherever possible, to assess the work conditions that can represent a physical overload for the upper limbs. The document is aimed at all the operators, i.e. occupational doctors but mainly technicians, who are, involved in risk exposure assessment and management. The document intends to provide methods and procedures easily applicable in the field, possibly not requiring sophisticated instrumentation and when possible based on observation procedures. The proposed methods shall be based as far as possible on knowledge and data from scientific literature: should they be contradictory or deficient, reference will be made to standards or pre-standards issued by national and international agencies and bodies, with the experience of researchers involved and common sense. In this regard, it is to be emphasized that the potential users increasingly demand an easily applicable method for description and assessment of work with repetitive movements. The group intends to give a response even if there are still uncertainties from a strictly scientific standpoint: however the group commits itself to perform subsequent validations especially of as yet unconsolidated issues. This document focuses specifically on identification of risk factors and describes some of the methods that have been developed for evaluating them. There is a rapidly developing body of literature on job analysis and not yet agreement on a single best way to analyze jobs. Professional judgement is required to select the appropriate methods. Analysis and design of jobs should to be integrated into an ongoing ergonomics program that includes management commitment, training, health surveillance, and medical case management. In summing up this report, space must be given to the check lists that are so often seen in the medical press, although this is not the occasion to propose a detailed analytical review.

Arm↗
PubMed1990

Common disorders of the elbow in athletes and musicians.

This article discusses the importance of the elbow in both sports and performing arts. Functional, painless motion of the elbow is essential to achieve this end because although most objects of play are controlled by the hand, freedom of movement at the elbow allows one to place the hand in space. Anatomy and biomechanics of the wrist as well as common sports-related injuries are highlighted. In addition, wrist disorders affecting musicians are reviewed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Poor posture subjects a worker's body to muscle imbalance, nerve compression.

Forward head and shoulder postures and associated muscle imbalances are prevalent among today's workers, according to ongoing research in the physical therapy field. Information on proper posture should be used proactively to educate employees as part of injury prevention training. Maintaining muscle strength in the desirable posture will require ongoing exercise and attention from the worker. The self-direct approach will not eliminate all cases of tendonitis, epicondylitis and other disorders, but it will have a significant positive impact.

Cumulative Trauma Disorders↗
PubMed1996

Upper-arm elevation during office work.

The present aim was to measure and quantify upper-arm elevation and to find how changed work organization and work tasks influence arm movement during a working day. Sixteen female office workers participated in the study. Their main work was statistical data entry. Upper-arm elevation was measured on two occasions separated by 18 months, i.e., before and after a change of work organization. The measurements were performed during the whole of one ordinary working day. The differences between the two measurements were mostly non-significant. Arm elevation remained essentially below 30 degrees during the main time of the working day, and the subjects worked with limited arm movements. Despite new alternative office tasks, they did not achieve a change in their habitual arm postures, or in their neck-and-shoulder disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Occult cartilage and bone injuries of the knee: detection, classification, and assessment with MR imaging.

Scant attention has been paid to the role of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the assessment of posttraumatic disorders of bone and cartilage at the knee. The authors reviewed 66 cases and identified four types of injuries that were not clearly evident on plain radiographs. A bone bruise was the most common lesion, having a high association with anterior cruciate ligament tears. Osteochondral fractures, stress fractures, and supracondylar femoral and tibial plateau fractures were also identified. MR imaging appears extremely useful in the detection and assessment of bone and cartilage disorders around the knee.

Cartilage, Articular↗
PubMed2002

An invisible disability: Qualitative research on upper extremity disorders in a university community.

OBJECTIVES: To understand how upper extremity disorders related to computer use affect graduate and undergraduate university students; and, to develop hypotheses for prevention and management of these disorders. METHODS: Focus group discussions concerning upper extremity disorders were conducted among sixteen symptomatic undergraduate and graduate students at a private university in the US. Discussions were tape recorded, transcribed, coded for themes, and analyzed qualitatively. RESULTS: The findings point to four main themes: 1). the essential role of computers in academic, social, and personal activities; 2). the negative impact of upper extremity disorders on students' physical and emotional well-being, including their career aspirations; 3). students' expectations and perceptions of medical care providers; and 4). recommendations for interventions. CONCLUSION: Students with upper extremity disorders experience numerous adverse consequences on a college campus. Effective strategies for prevention, and treatment of upper extremity disorders in young adults in universities are needed. Based on this research, an educational and skills development intervention would appear to be appropriate for preventing disability due to upper extremity disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Detection of stress fractures in athletes and nonathletes.

Stress fractures are considered a relatively common athletic injury. Some authors also feel this disorder may be overlooked in many nonathletic patients. Three cases of stress fractures are presented. All had classical clinical pictures; however, two were athletes and one was not. The athletes' stress fractures were suspected early in the disease evolution, confirmed with a bone scan and proper care instituted to prevent extended morbidity. The nonathlete's case was misdiagnosed by another practitioner and allowed to progress to the level of a true fracture. Extended morbidity followed this case. The infrequent report of nonathlete stress fractures in the literature may have played a major role in this oversight. Stress fractures do occur in athletes and nonathletes. The history is the key to making an early diagnosis. Scintigraphy (bone scan) or plain films may be used to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Frequency-dependent changes in neuromuscular responses to cyclic lumbar flexion.

Repetitive lifting in the workplace has been identified to be a cause of low back disorders. Epidemiologic data further supports an hypothesis that higher repetition rate (i.e. frequency) is an added risk factor. The objective of this study was to provide experimental data testing the above hypothesis. An in vivo feline model was subjected to 20-min of cyclic lumbar loading at frequencies of 0.1 Hz and 0.5 Hz while monitoring the EMG from the L-3/4-L-5/6 multifidus muscles and the creep at the L-4/5 level. Seven hours of rest were allowed after the cyclic flexion/extension was terminated. During this rest period, a single test cycle was performed every hour to assess recovery of EMG and lumbar creep. The results demonstrate that cyclic lumbar flexion elicits a transient neuromuscular disorder consisting of EMG spasms during the cyclic loading and initial and delayed muscular hyperexcitabilities during the rest period. Cyclic loading at 0.5 Hz resulted in significant (p<0.05) increase in the hyperexcitability magnitude and duration during the recovery period. It was concluded that repetitive lumbar loading at fast rates is indeed a risk factor as it induces larger creep in the lumbar viscoelastic tissues which in turn intensify the resulting neuromuscular disorder.

Animals↗