SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “DENTAL PULP TEST”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources

PubMed2005

Efficacy of articaine and lidocaine in a primary intraligamentary injection administered with a computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this prospective, randomized, double-blind study was to compare the anesthetic efficacy of the intraligamentary injection of 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine, administered with computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system, in mandibular posterior teeth. STUDY DESIGN: Using a crossover design, intraligamentary injections of 1.4 mL of 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and of 1.4 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine were randomly administered with a computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system, in a double-blind manner on the mesial and distal aspects of a mandibular first molar, at 2 separate appointments to 51 subjects. A pulp tester was used to test for anesthesia, in 2-minute cycles for 60 minutes, of the mandibular first and second molars and second premolar. Anesthesia was considered successful when 2 consecutive 80 readings (highest output) were obtained within 20 minutes. RESULTS: Successful pulpal anesthesia was obtained 86% of the time for the first molar using the articaine solution and 74% of the time using the lidocaine solution. There were no significant differences (P > .05) between the articaine and lidocaine solutions. The mean onset times of pulpal anesthesia for the first molar were 1.3 minutes with articaine solution and 2.2 minutes with lidocaine solution. Duration of pulpal anesthesia for the first molar was 34 minutes for the articaine solution and 31 minutes for the lidocaine solution. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine was similar to the efficacy of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine for intraligamentary injections.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Identifying acute pulpalgia as a factor in TMD pain.

An acute pulpalgia and temporomandibular disorders can produce many of the same symptoms. To illustrate identification of an acute pulpalgia as a component in TMD, the authors review the evaluation of 11 patients at a clinic that specializes in TMD treatment. During the evaluation, thermal testing and periodontal ligament anesthesia were used to identify the offending tooth. After receiving endodontic treatment or having the tooth extracted, patients reported either complete or partial relief of TMD symptoms. The authors provide questions that may help practitioners identify a tooth with an acute pulpalgia as a contributing factor to TMD symptoms and suggest a technique to confirm this diagnosis.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1997

Laser Doppler flowmetry: a clinical test of pulpal vitality.

PROBLEM: A rapid, accurate, noninvasive method of determining pulpal blood flow would be helpful in determining pulpal vitality. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine if laser Doppler flowmetry can measure induced changes in pulpal blood flow. STUDY DESIGN: Two percent lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000 was infiltrated into the labial vestibule to anesthetize five anterior teeth in healthy human volunteers. Stents were placed on the teeth to stabilize the laser Doppler probes. Measurements of pulpal blood flow were made along with electrocardiograms to record the cardiac cycle. RESULTS: Laser Doppler flowmetry demonstrated pulpal blood flow and pulse amplitude decreases under test conditions. These decreases were most significant at 10 minutes after the injection of anesthetic with vasoconstrictor. CONCLUSIONS: Laser Doppler flowmetry was able to measure pulpal blood flow and record changes in blood flow that occurred when epinephrine was used with infiltration anesthesia. The pulse width and the mean flow were dramatically affected as was synchronization with the cardiac cycle.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1997

Revascularization of traumatized teeth assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry: case report.

Infection of the pulp space in addition to the attachment damage of a traumatic injury to a tooth, results in serious complications and often tooth loss. Therefore, the prevention or treatment of root canal infection is a major consideration in these cases. In immature teeth, revascularization of a necrotic pulp is possible and highly desirable. Unfortunately, current sensitivity tests are poor indicators of revascularization, with the result that many pulps are removed unnecessarily. Laser Doppler flowmetry is an objective test of the presence of moving red blood cells within a tissue, which has been reported to be effective in the detection of tooth pulp vitality as well. A case is presented where an eight year old child severely luxated both maxillary central incisors. While only one of the incisors was weakly responsive to CO2 ice at 76 days after replantation, the laser Doppler flowmeter indicated that revascularization was occurring in both teeth at a much earlier time. Because of the laser Doppler readings, endodontic treatment was not initiated and the teeth developed normally.

Child↗

PubMed1994

Efficacy of laser Doppler flowmetry in determining pulp vitality of human teeth.

The aim of this study was to examine if laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) could aid in distinguishing teeth with necrotic pulps from vital teeth and if so, which configuration of 5 experimental probes would give the best results. Each probe had 3 fibers arranged in a triangle. One fiber carried the laser light to the pulp tissue and 2 fibers carried the back-scattered light to the detector giving the output signal. The distance between the 3 fibers in the triangular arrangement in each probe was 250, 500, 800, 1000, and 1500 microns. A special rubber-base splint was used to hold the probe in place on the buccal surface of the tested teeth. Eleven anterior teeth with clinically diagnosed necrotic pulp were measured with the LDF method and the results compared to contralateral teeth with vital pulp. For the sake of comparison, 10 pairs of anterior teeth with vital pulps in 10 patients were tested as well. The LDF signals were fed into an analog printer and a lap-top computer where all calculations were done. With the LDF method, the output signals from the teeth with necrotic pulps were significantly lower with all 5 probes than the output signals from the contralateral vital teeth. On average, the signal was 42.7% lower from the teeth with necrotic pulps than from the vital teeth. Four of 11 teeth with necrotic pulp gave a positive response to an electrical pulp tester (EPT). The results suggested that the probe with the smallest separation of fibers was the most sensitive in distinguishing necrotic pulps from vital ones.

Dental Pulp↗

PubMed2006

Articaine and lidocaine mandibular buccal infiltration anesthesia: a prospective randomized double-blind cross-over study.

This randomized crossover double-blind trial compared the efficacy of buccal infiltration with 4% articaine and 2% lidocaine (both with 1:100,000 epinephrine) in securing mandibular first molar pulp anesthesia. Injections were given at least 1 week apart in 31 healthy adult volunteers. Electronic pulp testing was undertaken at baseline and at 2 minute intervals until 30 minutes postinjection. A successful outcome was recorded in the absence of pulp sensation on two consecutive maximal pulp tester stimulations (80 muA). 64.5% of articaine and 38.7% of lidocaine infiltrations were successful (p = 0.008). Articaine infiltration produced significantly more episodes of no response to maximum stimulation in first molars than lidocaine (236 and 129, respectively, p < 0.001). Mandibular buccal infiltration is more effective with 4% articaine with epinephrine compared to 2% lidocaine with epinephrine. Both injections were associated with mild discomfort.

Administration, Buccal↗

PubMed1998

Advantages of a pulsed CO2 laser in direct pulp capping: a long-term in vivo study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A previous study [Moritz et al., Z Stomatol 1996; 93:451-454] had shown that favourable results in direct pulp capping could be achieved using a continuous wave CO2 laser in addition to the conventional calcium hydroxide dressing technique. In this study, these results are compared to those achieved using a CO2 laser working in superpulsed mode. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 260 direct pulp capping procedures were carried out; 130 were performed with a superpulsed CO2 laser, followed by a calcium hydroxide dressing, and 130 conventionally by applying only a calcium hydroxide preparation. Recall examinations were performed after 1 week and monthly for 18 months after treatment. A final examination was carried out 2 years after treatment. Thermal tests were used for vitality assessments and laser Doppler flowmetry for direct measurement of pulpal blood flow. RESULTS: In the group of pulps treated with the superpulsed CO2 laser, the last recall examination at 2 years revealed that 93% of the teeth had remained vital. In the control group, the success rate was considerably lower (66.6%). Exposure site sizes and average patient age were nearly identical in both groups. CONCLUSION: The CO2 laser seems to be a valuable aid in direct pulp capping; the efficiency of laser treatment can be increased by using a pulsed CO2 laser.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Analysis and comparison of pulp vitality after total and segmental LeFort I osteotomy].

A more systematic electrical testing of pulp vitality demonstrated that the recovery rate of pulp vitality was 89.5% after 12 months of total and segmental LeFort I osteotomy. Segmental LeFort I osteotomy only imposed an interference to the speed of pulp vitality recovery. In other words, the recovery rate of pulp vitality in segmental LeFort I osteotomy was comparable to that in total LeFort I osteotomy. Maxillary segmentation inflicted a minimum damage to its adjacent teeth if clinical manipulation was meticulous and skillful. Interdental osteotomy did not exert an apparent effect on the recovery of pulp vitality and the positive rate of pulp vitality in the teeth close to it was roughly similar with that of homonymous teeth on the opposite side or their adjacent teeth on the same side.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

Rationalization of electric pulp-testing methods.

A new electric pulp-testing system, the Testark, was developed in order to assess the potential of a different way of testing pulp sensitivity, thus making this electric pulp test more dependable than the conventional electric pulp-testing method. A study was conducted to evaluate the potential of the Testark system in comparison with a commercially available pulp tester. This pilot study consisted of application of three different desensitizing agents (sodium fluoride, test product. 'A', and test product 'B') to the cervical areas of hypersensitive teeth. The results were recorded with both the Testark and the conventional pulp tester simultaneously, and the sodium fluoride and test product 'B' proved to yield a beneficial effect by desensitizing the teeth after a single application. The level of desensitization with these agents was higher than the level obtained with the test product 'A' paste, which was utilized daily for 14 days. The results obtained with the conventional pulp tester differed by way of interpretation from those obtained with the Testark system. The Testark system proved to be easy to use and highly accurate in the data readings because of its high resolution. The Testark systemwas found to be more dependable than the commerical pulp tester, since it reduced the subjective errors which are inevitable when a commerical pulp tester is used. The Testark system is being developed further, and more studies are being conducted at the present time, in order to assess the full potential of the instrument.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Repeatability of 5 clinical neurosensory tests used in orthognathic surgery.

Many patients undergoing orthognathic surgery experience some degree of neurosensory impairment as a normal consequence of surgery. This may also occur as a complication after mandibular third molar surgery. The condition is usually reversible, but it may also be permanent. Neurosensory tests are essential in making decisions regarding the nature of the nerve injury, the potential for recovery, and the possible need for secondary microneurosurgical intervention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the repeatability of 5 clinical neurosensory tests assessing the neurosensory function of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). Twenty healthy subjects (9 males, 11 females) ranging in age from 21 years to 27 years participated in this study. The methods of assessment were light touch (LT), 2-point discrimination (2-P), pin tactile discrimination (PIN), thermal discrimination, and sensibility (ST) testing of the mandibular teeth with a vitality scanner. All the measurements were evaluated by 2 examiners and repeated at an interval of 6 months. In the statistical analysis, intraexaminer and interexaminer variability, as well as the variability between the 2 observations at a 6-month interval, were calculated. All the subjects reacted positively to LT and thermal discrimination in every observation. For the 2-P and PIN tests, intraexaminer variability was smaller than interexaminer variability, and repeatability of the 2 observations at 6 months was also good. Repeatability of ST was best at incisors, but it was not numerically very accurate at any site. However, all teeth that reacted positively to the vitality scanner in the first observation also reacted positively in the second observation; this instrument thus provides a more meaningful measurement of neurosensory function as a positive/negative assessment than as a numeric value.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Probe placement during electric pulp-testing procedures.

Electrode placement sites during electric pulp-testing procedures on the crown of a tooth were evaluated in a laboratory setting using thirty-one extracted teeth, an oscilloscope, and a new electric pulp tester (Digital Analytical Pulp Tester). This study showed that the lowest resistance occurred on the occlusal two-thirds electrode sites of the labial or buccal surfaces of maxillary incisors and premolars. More specifically, the middle-third electrode sites of the incisors and the occlusal-third electrode sites of the premolars were shown to have the least resistance. The electrode placement area on the crown where the pulp nerve is first excited to threshold must be identified to avoid false-positive stimulation of surrounding periodontal nerves. This will decrease nerve damage and ensure the patient's cooperation and acceptance.

Dental Pulp Test↗

PubMed1975

Repair characteristics of root fractures in permanent anterior teeth.

A follow-up study was made of repaired root fractures in 51 permanent anterior teeth, with a mean observation period of 6 years. The material was subdivided into three repair types (Figs. 1-3): Type 1 - invisible or hardly discernible fracture line (15 teeth), Type 2 - fragments separated by a narrow radiolucent line and peripheral rounding of the fracture edges (33 teeth), and Type 3 - fragments separated by a distinct bony bridge (3 teeth). The majority of repaired teeth gave a normal or slightly decreased response to electric pulp tests and the mobility was physiologic or slightly increased. Reduced transparency or slight yellowish discoloration was observed in 14 teeth. The most conspicuous radiographic finding was pulp obliteration which occurred in 86%. Two different patterns were observed: (1) partial obliteration located in the apical fragments and the fracture area, and extending 0.5-4 mm into the coronal fragment, and (2) progressive obliteration of the entire pulp cavity ending with almost total obliteration. Pulp necrosis did not develop as a sequel to progressive obliteration in any case. Several different characteristics of the fracture influenced the repair pattern, the most important being the degree of fragment dislocation and mobility, stage of root development and localization of the fracture. Correlation between type of repair and various treatment procedures was observed only with regard to reduction.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

The optimum placement-site of the electrode in electric pulp testing of the 12 anterior teeth.

The present study of 2,387 recordings of 12 anterior teeth in 53 patients indicates that the incisal edge is the optimal placement-site for the electric pulp tester to determine the lowest response threshold. The results show significant individual variations in the lowest threshold responses of the cervical-third, middle-third, incisal one-third, and incisal edge sites on a tooth, with a confidence level of 99%, according to the analysis of variance. The maxillary teeth gave a higher response threshold than the mandibular teeth and different types of teeth (canines and incisors) had statistically significant different response thresholds. The application of the electric pulp tester to the incisal-edge region with exposed dentin produced the most significant decrease in the threshold response.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Incidence of pulp necrosis subsequent to pulp canal obliteration from trauma of permanent incisors.

Little long-term data are available on the frequency by which pulp canal obliteration (PCO) subsequent to trauma leads to pulp necrosis (PN). In this study, 82 concussed, subluxated, extruded, laterally luxated, and intruded permanent incisors presenting with PCO were followed for a period of 7 to 22 yr (mean 16 yr). At final clinical examination, 51% of the observed teeth responded normally to electric pulp testing (EPT). An additional 40% of the teeth although not responding to EPT were clinically and radiographically within normal limits. Yellow discoloration was a frequent finding. During the observation period, periapical bone lesions suggesting PN developed in seven teeth (8.5%). Twenty-yr pulp survival rate was 84%, as determined from life-table calculations. There was no higher frequency of PN in obliterated teeth subjected to caries, new trauma, orthodontic treatment, or complete crown coverage than intact teeth. Although the incidence of PN in teeth displaying PCO seems to increase over the course of time, prophylactic endodontic intervention on a routine basis does not seem justified.

Chi-Square Distribution↗

PubMed1996

The reliability of electric pulp test after concussion injury.

Traumatic injuries to teeth present a difficult diagnostic problem with respect to determining the vitality of the affected teeth. Conventionally, a latency period of 4 to 6 weeks is proposed as the amount of time required for the return of a positive electric pulp test (EPT) response; however, this has been based on empirical data. The purpose of this study was to 1) determine a time frame during which a return of a reliable response to EPT may be measured, and 2) correlate this time frame with pulpal vascular changes that occur after traumatic injuries. Four canines from each of nine ferrets were used for this experiment (18 traumatized and 18 control teeth). A reproducible concussion injury was devised by releasing a known weight at a constant height above the facial surface of the experimental teeth. The EPT response was confirmed by the use of an EMG muscle recorder. Animals were killed at 24, 48 and 72 h and 6, 12 and 28 days after the injury and the teeth analyzed histologically. The histological sections showed an absence of inflammatory cells in both groups; however, according to the NIH image system, an increase in the number of vessels was detected in the experimental group when compared to the controls. In a majority of the cases, a positive response to the EPT returned within 12 days post concussion injury and as early as 10 days. In addition, a significant vascular change was accompanied with the loss of the EPT response. This study provided a reliable method by which concussion injuries may be studied using an animal model.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2005

[Chronobiology of pulp sensibility in young people].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the biological clock of pulp sensibility in young people so as to enrich the theory of pulp-chronobiology and conduce to clinical diagnosis and the treatment of pulposis. METHODS: 40 healthy young volunteers (20 males and 20 females) were examined. Pulp sensibility test was performed using the pulp sensibility tester produced in France. Pulp sensibility reading was obtained at each 4 hours from 8:00 a.m. till next 8:00 a.m., thus there were totally seven time-pints in 24 hours. And the readings were averaged. RESULTS: The pulp sensibility data of every volunteer were analyzed by methods for cosinor-rhythmometry, and significant difference (P<0.05) was found. The acrophase and bathyphase appeared at 0:00 and 12:00 separately. We did not find significant difference of the mesor, amplitude and phase between young males and females (P> 0.05). CONCLUSION: Circadian rhythm is demonstrated in thepulp sensibility data of young people; the highest pulp sensibility is at 12:00 while the lowest is at 0:00.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

The prognosis of traumatized permanent anterior teeth with fracture of the enamel and dentin.

The purpose of this study was to examine, in the light of a 2-year follow-up, the diagnostic and prognostic value of vitality tests in teeth which had suffered fracture of the enamel and dentin without pulp exposure, to assess the period in which late pathologic changes may occur, and to determine the recommended time intervals for follow-up examinations. Eighty-four childred, 6 to 14 years of age, with 123 traumatized teeth were included in the study. Of these teeth, 87 percent were "vital" at the initial examination, and most of these remained vital throughout the 2 years. Most pathologic changes occur within 6 months after trauma. It is recommended that follow-up examinations be performed 3 and 6 months after the trauma. Root canal treatment is usually necessary in teeth which have no vital response by the 3- and 6-month examinations.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

A long-term study of 370 autotransplanted premolars. Part II. Tooth survival and pulp healing subsequent to transplantation.

The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the long-term prognosis of autotransplanted premolars with respect to tooth survival and pulpal healing. The material consisted of 195 patients aged 7 to 35 years, with a total of 370 autotransplanted premolars with observation period ranged from 1 to 13 years. Teeth transplanted with incomplete and complete root formation showed 95 per cent and 98 per cent long-term survival respectively: Pulp healing as evaluated by sensibility testing and radiographic signs of partial pulp canal obliteration was usually verified 6 months after transplantation. The frequency of pulpal healing (versus pulp necrosis), appeared to be closely related to stage of root development at time of transplantation. Teeth transplanted with incomplete and complete root formation showed 96 per cent and 15 per cent pulp healing respectively. Another and associated factor which could equally well predict pulpal healing was the diameter of the apical foramen of the graft. Finally, in teeth with completed root formation, the use of bursa with internal cooling and no extra-alveolar storage prior to transplantation seemed to increase the chance for pulpal healing. The present study indicates, that the size of the apical foramen and possibly the avoidance of bacterial contamination during the surgical procedure are explanatory factors for pulpal healing.

Adolescent↗