SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Developability”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources

PubMed2006

Developing a facilitation model to promote organisational development in primary care practices.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between effective organisation of general practices and health improvement is widely accepted. The Maturity Matrix is an instrument designed to assess organisational development in general practice settings and to stimulate quality improvement. It is undertaken by a practice team with the aid of a facilitator. There is a tradition in the primary care systems in many countries of using practice visitors to educate practice teams about how to improve. However the role of practice visitors as facilitators who enable teams to plan practice-led organisational development using quality improvement instruments is less well understood. The objectives of the study were to develop and explore a facilitation model to support practice teams in stimulating organisational development using a quality improvement instrument called the Maturity Matrix. A qualitative study based on transcript analysis was adopted. METHOD: A model of facilitation was constructed based on a review of relevant literature. Audio tapes of Maturity Matrix assessment sessions with general practices were transcribed and facilitator skills were compared to the model. The sample consisted of two facilitators working with twelve general practices based in UK primary care. RESULTS: The facilitation model suggested that four areas describing eighteen skills were important. The four areas are structuring the session, obtaining consensus, handling group dynamics and enabling team learning. Facilitators effectively employed skills associated with the first three areas, but less able to consistently stimulate team learning. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that facilitators need careful preparation for their role and practices need protected time in order to make best use of practice-led quality improvement instruments. The role of practice visitor as a facilitator is becoming important as the need to engender ownership of the quality improvement process by practices increases.

Consultants↗

PubMed2003

Development and implementation of an objective structured teaching exercise (OSTE) to evaluate improvement in feedback skills following a faculty development workshop.

BACKGROUND: Faculty development programs focusing on teaching have become widespread. PURPOSE: Despite the popularity of such programs, evidence as to their effectiveness is limited. This article reports on the development of an objective structured teaching exercise (OSTE) and its pilot implementation in an evaluation of a faculty development program module. A written test intended to measure feedback skills was also developed and pilot tested. METHODS: A separate-sample, pretest-posttest design was used to pilot test both instruments. RESULTS: The results showed some evidence of significant differences between groups tested preworkshop and postworkshop. Higher scores were observed for the posttest group compared to the pretest group only for OSTE items focusing on prioritizing and limiting the amount of feedback given at one time and on action planning. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that an OSTE may be sensitive to changes in preceptor skill level for skills that are relatively easy to incorporate immediately into practice. Lack of differences in other skill areas may be due to lack of sensitivity of the measure or to need for practice and reflection before changes in performance on other feedback skills are evident.

Education, Medical↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Positive identity as a positive youth development construct: conceptual bases and implications for curriculum development.

According to the theories of Erikson, Marcia, and Higgins, adolescents who can cultivate a clear and positive identity after their developmental struggles in adolescence often advance more smoothly into adulthood. Identity is organized, learned, and dynamic, and subjective evaluation of an individual's identity has emotional consequences for that individual. This paper discusses literature on the nature and importance of identity and presents strategies such as self-esteem enhancement, management of exploration and commitment, as well as reduction of self-discrepancies to help adolescents develop functional identity. Significant determinants of a person's identity development, namely gender and cultural issues, are also addressed as they are important in designing the "Positive Identity Development" package of Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programmes (P.A.T.H.S.), supported by the Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust, to help adolescents develop a positive identity.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Development and validation of a positive youth development scale in Hong Kong.

The development of the Chinese Positive Youth Development Scale (CPYDS) is outlined in this paper. The CPYDS assesses 15 aspects of positive youth development, including bonding, resilience, social competence, emotional competence, cognitive competence, moral competence, behavioral competence, self-determination, self-efficacy, spirituality, positive view of the future, positive self-identity, prosocial involvement, prosocial norms, and recognition for positive behavior. Based on a Well Adjustment Group (N=162) and a Poor Adjustment Group (N=264), the present findings showed that the CPYDS and its subscales possess acceptable internal consistency. Except the Self-Efficacy Subscale, the CPYDS total and subscale scores were able to discriminate the two groups. While the CPYDS total and subscale scores were positively related to thriving, wellness assessment and life satisfaction measures, they were negatively related to substance abuse, delinquency, and behavioral intention to engage in problem behavior. The present findings provide support for the reliability and validity of the CPYDS to assess positive youth development in the Chinese culture.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

The Zn(II)2Cys6 putative Aspergillus nidulans transcription factor repressor of sexual development inhibits sexual development under low-carbon conditions and in submersed culture.

Here we have characterized the putative Zn(II)2Cys6 transcription factor RosA from the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. The rosA gene encodes a protein of 713 aa, which shares 38% sequence similarity to Pro1 from Sordaria macrospora. In contrast to Pro1, which promotes the transition from protoperithecia to perithecia, RosA is a negative regulator of sexual development in A. nidulans. Transcript levels of rosA were usually very low and were only transiently upregulated upon carbon starvation and at 12 hr of asexual development. Deletion of rosA only slightly induced fruiting-body formation under standard culture conditions, but enabled sexual development under low-glucose and high-osmolarity conditions and the production of Hulle cells under submersed growth conditions. Stimulation of fruiting-body formation on agar surfaces was dependent on veA. In delta rosA strains, transcript levels of the sexual developmental regulators nsdD, veA, and stuA were increased. Overexpression of rosA led to a reduction of hyphal growth and to a fluffy phenotype. Post-transcriptional regulation of RosA, with a regulated accumulation in the nucleus, was shown using a RosA-GFP fusion protein. We propose that RosA represses sexual development upon integration of several environmental signals.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1994

Facial growth and development in unilateral cleft lip and palate during the period of puberty: comparison of the development after periosteoplasty and after primary bone grafting.

X-ray cephalometry was used in studies of facial growth and development carried out in 32 males with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. They underwent primary periosteoplasty and were examined at the ages of 10 and 15 years. The results were compared with the development of the face in a longitudinal study of 20 males with the same type of cleft who were operated with a primary bone graft. The series with periosteoplasty showed a more marked proclination of the upper dentoalveolar component with the restoration of a positive overjet, as compared to a persistent anterior crossbite in the males with bone grafts. The lower jaw showed a larger protrusion, while individuals with bone grafts were characterized at the ages of 10 and 15 years by a larger posterior rotation of the mandible. The growth of the maxilla did not differ between series. In both series, there was a marked reduction in the growth of maxillary depth and of upper lip height, while the highest growth rate showed parameters of nasal prominence. An increasing mandibular protrusion and maxillary retrusion resulted in an impairment of sagittal jaw relations and in the flattening of the face, both of which occurred in almost all patients. The rotation of the lower jaw was not correlated with either the convexity of the face, sagittal jaw relations, or an overjet. The independence of developmental changes of selected characteristics at their initial state documented the impossibility of predicting the development of the face on the basis of a single x-ray examination at a given stage of development. Fixed appliances promoted a more marked proclination of upper incisors and the alveolar process than removable appliances, but they exerted no direct action on the other facial parameters studied.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

The Tohoku Study of Child Development: A cohort study of effects of perinatal exposures to methylmercury and environmentally persistent organic pollutants on neurobehavioral development in Japanese children.

Several birth cohort studies have shown adverse effects of perinatal exposures to methylmercury (MeHg) and environmentally persistent organic pollutants (POPs). These chemicals are ingested mainly through fish consumption, but little is known about the hazardous effects in Japanese, whose fish consumption is high. The present study, the Tohoku Study of Child Development, was designed to examine the effects of perinatal exposures to MeHg, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), dioxins, pesticides, and other chemicals in Japanese children. Six hundred eighty-seven pregnant women were participated in this study with their written informed consent. Maternal peripheral blood, cord blood, cord tissue, placenta, and breast milk samples were collected for chemical analysis. Maternal hair was also taken for MeHg analysis. Infants born at full term were assessed by neurobehavioral tests: the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale at three days old, the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 7 and 18 months old, and the Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence at 7 months old. The children will be continuously followed up to ages 6-7 years. Maternal food intake frequency, maternal IQ, socioeconomic status, and home environment were assessed as covariates. The results of this cohort study will allow us to evaluate associations between the neurobehavioral development of children and perinatal exposures to MeHg and environmentally POPs in Japan.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Development and quality of life: a critique of Amartya Sen's Development as freedom.

Presented here is a critical analysis of some of the major theses of Amartya Sen, as presented in his seminal work Development As Freedom. The author suggests that Sen's work, while representing a major break with the dominant neoliberal position reproduced in most national and international development agencies, is insufficient to explain the key relationship between freedom and development. The absence of an analysis of the power relations that cause and reproduce underdevelopment through national and international political institutions leaves Sen's work wanting. The author shows how Sen's interpretation of events and the conclusions derived from them, such as an explanation of famine in Bangladesh, are insufficient--when not faulty. The author also critically analyzes the United Nations Development Program reports, which, while documenting the nature and consequences of underdevelopment, barely touch on the political context in which underdevelopment occurs.

Communism↗

PubMed1999

Psychosocial development and moral development: an exploratory comparison of adolescents in Japan and America.

Building on previous cross-cultural research, this exploratory study examined the comparative psychosocial and sociomoral development of 46 adolescents--22 Japanese in Japan, 10 Japanese in the United States, and 14 Euro-Americans in the United States. Euro-American participants obtained more positive scores than Japanese in the United States and Japanese in Japan on six psychosocial stages and the total psychosocial score as measured by the Measures of Psychosocial Development. Except in the Contract/Truth domain, all groups scored at a comparable level in sociomoral development as measured by the Sociomoral Reflection Measure-Short Form. Results are discussed in terms of cultural differences affecting adolescent development with implications for research and professional practice.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Meeting the challenge of developing courses for distance delivery: two different models for course development.

Nursing education is increasingly challenged to convert traditional course offerings to distance delivery modalities to accommodate practicing RNs who wish to pursue continuing education. There is a lack of understanding regarding the experiences of faculty and staff from other departments within the university in the development of distance education courses. The purpose of this descriptive study was to uncover the experiences of nursing faculty and members of a university support unit involved in interdisciplinary development of distance delivery courses. Interviews were conducted with 11 participants. Two organizational models were identified. Other issues that emerged in the development of distance delivery courses were: faculty ownership of distance courses; workload implications for faculty; clinical practice by distance; and faculty expertise in new technologies. Implications for incorporating the challenges facing nursing faculty in the 21st century in the development of distance delivery courses are discussed.

Education, Distance↗

PubMed2005

Self-directed learning and portfolio development for nurses: developing workbooks as a facilitative tool.

Workbooks are often used for discipline-specific learning in academic institutions but there is growing recognition of their potential usefulness in the clinical setting to promote learning and professional development. The purpose of this paper is to share some tips/guidelines for those clinical staff interested in developing self-directed learning programs using a workbook approach. Combined with skilled facilitation, custom designed workbooks based on adult learning theories can enhance skills and encourage portfolio development in the clinical setting. This cost and time effective approach utilises existing resources to cater to diverse needs and topics, building sustainable collaborations. This paper will argue that the proposed program has the potential to contribute to healthcare improvement by promoting skill development amongst staff and contributing to evidence-based practice.

Clinical Competence↗

PubMed2003

[Developing the brain--proposal to child neurologists: how to nurture and stimulate brain development].

Infants achieve remarkable functions during the first year of life. Dendrites and synaptic connections grow and subcortical myclination takes place. In recent years, we have witnessed remarkable progress in the field of neuroscience. It has become clear that the human brain shows maximal plasticity in infancy and early childhood. This plasticity provides a golden window of opportunity to maximize human development. Excess synaptic connections are eliminated during late childhood, a phenomenon that appears to be influenced at least to some extent by the environment. In many years of clinical practice as a pediatrician, I have observed the growth and development of both normal children and those challenged with developmental disabilities. Parents need to spend time responding to and playing with their young children. The plasticity of the human brain in early life is not only an opportunity; it is also responsibility. We must provide all children with the optimal environment for both intellectual and psychological development. It seems that sensitive and sympathetic responses from caretakers are of critical importance. Physicians and basic investigators have the responsibility of further elucidating brain function, as means of discovering how to optimize the environment for development of the human brain.

Brain↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Emotional competence as a positive youth development construct: conceptual bases and implications for curriculum development.

This paper outlines the conceptual bases of 'emotional competence' as a positive youth development construct and the implications for curriculum development in junior secondary schools. In essence, 'emotional competence' includes (i) identifying personal feelings and those of others; (ii) managing emotional reactions and communication; and (iii) building self-managing strategies to cope with negative emotions and adversities. By considering adolescents' developmental progression, gender and cultural issues, eight units of positive youth development are designed in the P.A.T.H.S. Project, supported by the Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust, to promote 'emotional competence' in Secondary 1 to 3 students in Hong Kong. In the Secondary I curriculum, the goals of the units are to develop student's awareness of their emotions and proper expression of them. In the Secondary 2 curriculum, the goals of the units are to enhance students' understanding of others' emotions and the importance of communicating emotions in relationships. In the Secondary 3 curriculum, the goal is to enhance students' adaptive coping strategies in the face of adversities.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Moral competence as a positive youth development construct: conceptual bases and implications for curriculum development.

Moral competence refers to the orientation to perform altruistic behavior and the ability to judge moral issues logically, consistently and at an advanced level of development. A brief review of the concepts of altruism and justice is presented. The gender and cultural issues are also discussed. The contents of moral competence program units include four major topics: (1) Fairness, (2) Proper conduct (mainly altruistic and prosocial orientation), (3) Responsibility and altruistic orientation, and (4) Integrity and fairness. The general goal is to help students to develop an altruistic orientation and a judgment structure of a high level of justice. This paper is part of the development of the positive youth development program in Hong Kong.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Prosocial norms as a positive youth development construct: conceptual bases and implications for curriculum development.

Prosocial norms are clear, healthy, ethical standards, beliefs, and behavior guidelines that promote prosocial behavior and minimize health risks. The promotion of prosocial norms like altruism, solidarity, and volunteerism is an important aspect of positive youth development programs. From the literature, it is evident that a prosocial orientation is encouraged in traditional Chinese philosophy. Longitudinal studies have shown that prosocial behavior increases gradually over adolescence, and that the development of prosocial behavior is closely linked to the development of moral reasoning, perspective taking, and regulation of personal distress. It is noteworthy that females have a higher prosocial orientation than males, and peer influence could be a major mediating factor of interventions to foster prosocial norms and behavior during adolescence. This review also analyzes the mechanism underlying prosocial behavior using the cost-reward model, social cognitive theory, and stages of moral development. Role modeling, social reinforcements and evaluations, discussion of moral dilemmas, empathy skills training, and foot-in-the-door procedures are identified as useful strategies for fostering prosocial norms and behavior.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Resilience as a positive youth development construct: conceptual bases and implications for curriculum development.

Literature and research studies indicate that resilience is crucial for the healthy development of the adolescent. With the objective to enhance the level of resilience among Secondary 1 to 3 students in Hong Kong, a curriculum was designed to strengthen both the internal and external protective factors basing on the literature and practitioners' practice wisdom. Internal protective factors focus on problem-solving skills, emotional control and divergent thinking. One aspect of students' personal competence, i.e., the sense of humor and optimism, will also be targeted. This curriculum also aims to develop students' future-driven orientation so as to strengthen their ability to overcome everyday obstacles. Moreover, activities are included to help students recognize and improve two major external protective factors, i.e., family and school relationships. This article contributes to the formulation of a service construct and provides a direction for curriculum planning that assists adolescents to develop resilience through a change in individual and structural conditions. It has to be noted that other components of the Positive Youth Development Program would also benefit the students with increasing their level of resilience.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Canada's International Development Research Centre's eco-health projects with Latin Americans: origins, development and challenges.

BACKGROUND: Since its founding in 1970, Canada's International Development Research Centre (IDRC) has supported research by concerned Latin American researchers on environments and human health relationships. Framing of such relationships has changed through different periods. METHODS: Participant observation, bibliographic searches, document review, and interviews with key IDRC staff. FINDINGS: From the early years of multiple different projects, IDRC developed more focussed interest in tropical diseases, pesticides, agriculture and human health in the 1980s. The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development in the early 1990s gave impetus to examination of links between ecosystems and human health or "EcoHealth". Projects in Latin America built on earlier work but extended it in methods (transdisciplinarity, community participation, gendered approach) and scope (broader land use and development paradigm issues tackled). A key IDRC-funded activity in Latin America was "EcoSalud", an Ecuadorian effort, which has worked with farming communities, agricultural researchers, health practitioners and local politicians to advance integrated pest management, better recognize and treat poisonings and improve pesticide-related policies. ONGOING CHALLENGES INCLUDE: mobilizing sufficient resources for the primary prevention focus of EcoHealth activities when primary care infrastructure remains stretched, promoting micro-level change in diverse communities and ecosystems, and addressing power structures at the global level that profoundly affect environmental change.

Agriculture↗

PubMed1986

L-thyroxine, cortisol, and diet affect the postnatal development of the facial part of the skull in developing rats.

In rats, the effects of L-thyroxine (T4; 0.2 micrograms/g body weight), hydrocortisone (HC; 5 micrograms/g body weight) and mastication on the postnatal development of the facial part of the skull were examined. Administration of T4 and/or HC to rats for 5 consecutive days from day 5 after birth induced a precocious increase in the ratio of the facial length to the head length. The effects of these hormones decreased with the progression of weaning, and after the 20th postnatal day, the hormones had no effects on the postnatal development of either (facial and head) part of the skull. Moreover, these hormones played an additive role in the growth of facial part. On the other hand, continuous suckling from birth to the 30th postnatal day caused a significant decrease in the ratio of the facial length to the head length. These results suggest that increases in the circulating levels of T4 and HC in suckling rats and mastication in the weaning period are involved in development of the postnatal development of the facial part of the skull.

Aging↗