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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum of cancer patients by microchemical luminescence].

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in blood of cancer patients were detected by microchemical luminescence. The results showed that SOD activity was closely related to the development of tumor. 151 cancer patients were divided into 5 groups: lung cancer, digestive tract cancer, breast cancer, gynecologic cancer and other cancers. The level of SOD in the blood in each group was higher than that in healthy adult controls. There was significant difference in the positive rate: 73.68% in breast cancer, 60.78% in digestive tract cancer, 60% in lung cancer, 51.52% in gynecologic cancer and 73.91% in other cancers. Thirty-one of these patients had low SOD due to radiotherapy or chemotherapy before determination. The important role of SOD in the development of cancer and its mechanism of preventing cancer are preliminarily analysed and discussed.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

[Is the measurement of carcinoembryonic antigen still indicated in digestive cancers?].

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is not useful for detecting asymptomatic cancer. Its sensitivity and specificity are not high. For some cancers, antigen levels at the time of diagnosis provide more precise prognosis than staging alone. Regular determination of CEA is useful as a method of surveillance after surgery for cancer in the colon and in the rectum. Unfortunately the clinical gain of detecting postoperative relapses is low since curative surgical treatment is usually impossible.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1989

[Mitoxantrone containing multi-drug chemotherapy in the management of malignancies. Collaborative Group for Clinical Trial of Mitoxantrone].

182 patients with various malignancies treated by mitoxantrone containing multi-drug chemotherapy are reported. Sixteen cancer patients treated with adriamycin or epirubicin combined with other drugs during the same period served as control. Of these 182 patients, there were 171 evaluable patients. Fourty-four had complete remission, 64 partial remission, 38 stable lesions, and 25 progressive lesions with response rate of 63.2%. Fifty-five breast cancer patients treated with mitoxantrone, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil gave a response rate of 52.7%; 82 malignant lymphoma patients who received cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, vincristine and prednisone regimen gave a response rate of 81.7%; 29 patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma as treated by UFT, mitoxantrone, mitomycin C lead to a response rate of 31.0% and 5 patients with other malignancies gave a response rate of 60.0%. Of the control group, there were 15 evaluable patients. 10 of 12 malignant lymphoma patients responded, while no effect was observed in 2 breast cancer and 1 gastric cancer patients. Acute and subacute toxicities in the two groups were observed and the factors influencing the therapeutic effects were analysed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Role of computerized tomography in the definition of the area to be irradiated in bone metastases].

In the Department of Radiology of the Catholic University S. Cuore in Rome, a review was made of 342 CT examinations with a view towards optimizing the therapeutic planning in patients affected by bone metastases. All patients were submitted to radiological positioning and then to CT evaluation in order to assess the volume to be treated. In 224 cases it was not necessary to perform wide CT examination (3-5 standard tomograms being enough, 2 of which at the superior and inferior margins of the planned field). In the second group of 118 patients it was necessary to perform CT (serial axial scans)--increasing by 1-1.5 cm--up to the superior and inferior margins of the lesion. The existence of 2 types of lesions was confirmed: those involving mainly bony structures and those infiltrating the soft tissues. CT evaluation allowed the definition of the target volume to the real extension of the lesion in 14% of the whole of cases, while in the group of 118 cases studied more thoroughly, the percentage went up to 41%. CT allowed a better assessment of secondary bone lesions, especially in kidney and lung neoplasms. The metastatic site that required a more frequent modification of the irradiation field was the chest. To conclude, the authors emphasize the importance of CT in assessing the target volume, especially in those cases in which conventional radiology does not allow a reliable evaluation of the lesion, possibly compromising the local monitoring of the disease.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

[Diagnosis by imaging of secondary neoplastic lesions of the digestive tract].

Secondary neoplasms involving the alimentary tract are not common. This work is aimed at evaluating their characteristic roentgenological features, providing, when possible, the criteria for discriminating secondary from primary lesions. Forty-five patients with secondary neoplasms of the alimentary tract were examined by conventional radiology, ultrasonography and CT. Both CT and US are highly accurate in such cases, since these lesions are displayed directly. However, double-contrast gastrointestinal examination must be performed, because it indirectly demonstrates both intrinsic and extrinsic lesions, thus providing all elements for a correct local staging.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Clinical evaluation of the tumor marker CA 19-9 in comparison with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in surgical pre- and postoperative diagnosis].

A new tumor marker (CA 19-9) was investigated. CA 19-9 is a tumor-associated antigen which is detected by a monoclonal antibody. CA 19-9 (CIS-Centocor) was compared simultaneously with CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) in 347 patients. 123 patients with gastrointestinal tumors showed a sensitivity of 31% for CA 19-9 (CEA 49%), combination increased sensitivity to 58%. The highest sensitivity was found in pancreas carcinoma (CA 19-9 75%, CEA 66%, combination 92%); it was lower in gastric, colon, and oesophagus carcinomas. In relapsed colorectal carcinomas sensitivity was 53% (CEA 78%, combination 85%). In cases of relapse, tumor markers may become positive even if they were not detectable before resection of the primary tumor. Specificity for CA 19-9 was 100% (CEA 84%) compared to a group of non-malignant diseases including patients with inflammations and patients with nicotin abuse (n = 102). Because of its high specificity and superior sensitivity to CEA in pancreas carcinomas CA 19-9 should be determined in primary and relapse diagnosis in combination with CEA.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1986

[Detection of DU-PAN-2 antigen (pancreatic cancer-associated antigen) in sera of patients with cancer of the digestive tract].

DU-PAN-2 is an antigen detected by a monoclonal antibody to pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In order to determine the clinical usefulness of DU-PAN-2 for diagnosis and monitoring in cancer patients, the DU-PAN-2 level (EIA, less than or equal to 300 U/ml) was measured in 238 patients with cancer of the digestive tract including 47 with pancreatic cancer, and in 57 with benign abdominal disease. The positive rate and maximum level for pancreatic cancer were 48.9% and 85,960 U/ml, respectively. However, DU-PAN-2 levels were also relatively high in hepatobiliary cancers. For stage II pancreatic cancer, the positive rate and maximum level of DU-PAN-2 were only 22.2% and 661 U/ml, respectively. On the other hand, these values were 0% and 196 U/ml (pancreatic cyst) in 15 benign pancreatic diseases. In postoperative monitoring of up to 35 months in 17 resected patients with pancreatic cancer, the DU-PAN-2 level decreased on resection of the tumor and increased on recurrence. This study suggested that DU-PAN-2 seems promising as a means for differentiating pancreatic cancer from benign pancreatic disease and for detecting the recurrence of pancreatic cancer. However, differentiation between pancreatic and hepatobiliary cancers appears difficult.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1985

Multiple cancer--an epidemiologic exercise in Finland.

The material of the Finnish Cancer Registry from 1953-79 (279,745 cancer patients, 774,518 person-yr at risk) was analyzed for the occurrence of multiple cancer. There were 5,871 new primary cancers in the series (excluding the first 12 mo from diagnosis of the first cancer). A positive association between cancers with similar etiology could be demonstrated, e.g., between cancers of the lip, larynx, and lung (smoking) and between cancers of the breast and endometrium (hormones, reproductive history). Clustering of different risk factors resulted, e.g., in an excess risk of colon cancer among female breast cancer patients (risk factors in both cancers are prevalent particularly in higher-social classes). Differences in the distribution of the risk factors resulted in risk deficits, e.g., low relative risk of lung cancer among male colon cancer patients (the prevalence of smoking was highest in the lower-social classes and the prevalence of risk factors in colon cancer was highest in the higher-social classes). The risk of leukemia was increased among patients with cancers of the breast, endometrium, and thyroid (possibly due to irradiation). There was a high relative risk of salivary gland cancer among patients with skin cancer other than melanoma or basal cell carcinoma in both sexes. The relative risk of a new primary cancer decreased with increasing age at diagnosis of the first cancer. The length of follow-up was positively associated with the relative risk of many cancers, although this finding was not as consistent as that with age.

Adolescent↗