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Results for “Distance Perception”

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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Apparent distance in actual, three-dimensional video-recorded, and virtual reality.

This study examined how well reality was reproduced in several conditions of virtual reality, by mutually comparing the perception of distance in actual 3-dimensional space and 3-dimensional video-recorded space. Apparent distances in both indoor and outdoor situations were estimated by 10 adolescents. Analysis showed that relations between apparent distance and physical distance in the actual spaces both in indoor and outdoor situations are described by 0.95 and 1.01 power exponents, respectively. On the other hand, the underestimations of the apparent distance are shown in the 3-dimensional video-recorded and the virtual reality spaces both in indoor and outdoor situations whose exponents ranged from .53 to .80.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Petter's effect in patterns formed by outlined surfaces.

In patterns formed by two equally colored or by two transparent overlapping surfaces of different size that alternately appear in front of one another, the larger surface has a greater probability of appearing in front of the smaller surface. This effect is known as Petter's effect. The present study found that Petter's effect also occurred in patterns formed by colorless outlined surfaces. In these patterns Petter's effect was smaller than in chromatically homogeneous patterns. The results agree with the possibility that Petter's effect occurred in patterns formed by outlined surfaces because relative size was a cue to visually perceived distance.

Anisotropy↗
PubMed1999

Increasing confidence in vergence as a cue to distance.

Multiple cues contribute to the visual perception of an object's distance from the observer. The manner in which the nervous system combines these various cues is of considerable interest. Although it is accepted that image cues play a significant role in distance perception, controversy exists regarding the use of kinaesthetic information about the eyes' state of convergence. We used a perturbation technique to explore the contribution of vergence to visually based distance estimates as a function of both fixation distance and the availability of retinal information. Our results show that the nervous system increases the weighting given to vergence as (i) fixation distance becomes closer; and (ii) the available retinal image cues decrease. We also identified the presence of a strong contraction bias when distance cues were studied in isolation, but we argue that such biases do not suggest that vergence provides an ineffectual signal for near-space perception.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Sex differences on Bartel's task: an investigation into perception of real and depicted distances.

A new method derived from Bartel's (1958) studies was used to investigate sex differences in spatial perception. Bartel employed two related tasks; one of these tasks called for responses to a pictorial stimulus representing spatial arrangement in perspective and the other for responses to an analogous task presented in three dimensions. Modified forms of both these tasks were used. Consistent differences between men and women were found, the men showing greater distance constancy in relation both to real and to depicted distances. In addition a decline of such constancy with age was observed. The pictorial task was also used to test two groups of students of architecture: one relatively inexperienced and the other more experienced with the discipline, on the assumption that experience of spatial judgments might influence performance on this task. It was found that whilst familiarity did not affect responses there was a consistent difference between responses of men and women.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Effects of illumination, viewing distance, and lighting color on perception time.

A laboratory study was carried out to investigate the effects of illumination, viewing distance, and lighting color on perception time with center high-mounted stop lamps comprised of light-emitting diodes. Analysis indicated that illumination, viewing distance, and lighting color are significant factors in perception time. Low illumination resulted in shorter perception time than high illumination. A viewing distance of 20 m resulted in shorter perception time than 40 m. The perception time was shorter for blue than for red or yellow light. The interaction of illumination and lighting color was significant. Mean difference in perception time among lighting colors was not significant under low illumination, but was significantly shorter for blue light under high illumination. Based on the results, blue light seemed to be the optimal lighting color for center high-mounted stop lamps comprised of light-emitting diodes.

Color Perception↗
PubMed1991

Effect of geometric parameters of perspective on judgements of spatial information.

15 university students performed an exocentric judgement task in which they estimated the azimuth and elevation separating two computer-generated cubes, using a perspective display. The perspective displays were created by varying two geometric parameters of perspective, the geometric field of view and station-point distance. Further, the radial distance separating the computer-generated images was varied. Analysis indicated that azimuth errors varied as a function of geometric field of view, radial distance, and station-point distance, while elevation errors varied as a function of geometric field of view and radial distance.

Adult↗