PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “ESTONIA”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Patient education in Estonia.

Following the developments in Health Promotion in Estonian Health Care during the past 5-6 years, it is possible to observe remarkable progress in this field. The fundamental achievement is the shifting of a patient into the attention centre of the health care system. The patient-oriented approach means: to increase the involvement of the patient and his/her family in valuing and maintaining their health and modelling healthy behaviour; coping with chronic disease in relation to everyday activities; patient satisfaction; psycho-social support and counselling. The patient education is a multiprofessional teamwork and interdisciplinary co-operation that should be carried out in two levels mainly: primary health care and hospital levels. The key-persons in patient education are family doctors, nurses and trained hospital staff. It is essential for the development of health promotion in hospitals to incorporate the idea of health promotion as an integrated part of everyday work in addition to the traditional curative function.

Education, Nursing↗
PubMed2000

Hepatitis C virus genotypes in Estonia.

Distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) geno(sub)types among 215 Estonian patients hospitalized with acute or chronic hepatitis and with HCV RNA-positive sera was investigated. For genotyping, both multiplex PCR with subtype-specific primers of the core region and RFLP analysis of cDNA of the 5' NCR region were used. These two methods permitted a correct characterization of genotypes, a more truthful characterization of mixed infections, and combined use of single-tube performances. They revealed, respectively, 200 and 202 (93.0% and 93.9%) HCV-positive samples of sera, subtype 1a- 0.9% and 0.9%, 1b- 56.3% and 64.2%, 3a- 13.9% and 22.3%, 2a- 6.5% and 5.6%, type 4 0.5% and 0%, mixed infections- 13.5% and 0%, and unidentified- 1.4% and 0.9%. In the majority of cases (84.7%) both methods gave completely or partially concordant results; in mixed infections, as determined by subtype-specific PCR, only one subtype was revealed by the RFLP method. In the remaining 15.3% of the cases (Ohno- 7.0%, RFLP- 8.3%) only one of the methods was positive. The epidemiological analysis of the dynamics of the subtypes' relative participation may indicate increasing 3a and decreasing 1b subtype infection during recent years.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

Low cereal intake in Estonian infants: the possible explanation for the low frequency of coeliac disease in Estonia.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyse the intake of coeliac disease (CD) inducing, gluten containing cereals (wheat, rye, barley and oats) in Estonian infants diet and compare these results with neighbouring countries with different CD incidence rate. DESIGN: Study group consisted of 32 healthy full term infants of Estonian origin. SETTINGS: Study was carried out in Tartu University Women's Hospital and in Tartu University Children's Hospital. These are both primary care facilities. SUBJECTS: Infants were recruited to the study group according to their health parameters and parents agreement to take part of this study. Material of this article is based on one part of Estonian infants dietary habits investigation. RESULTS: The total amount of gluten containing cereals in Estonian infants diet was lower than in Sweden and Finland. We found that there is a certain parallelism between CD incidence and cereal intake. Wheat intake of Estonian infants was very close to Finnish infants, but almost twice lower than in Swedish infants. CONCLUSION: Data from the study is consistent with the hypothesis that gluten intake during infancy play role in development of CD. The quality of gluten-containing cereals may have important part in the development of the disease.

Celiac Disease↗
PubMed2005

Pertussis outbreak in a basic school in Estonia: description, contributing factors and vaccine effectiveness.

The aim of the current study was to assess the epidemiological situation concerning the emergence of a pertussis outbreak, as well as potential contributing factors and vaccine effectiveness. A retrospective epidemiological description and an analysis of the outbreak among students were performed. The basic school in Adavere had a total of 150 students in 2003. Of these, 54 cases of pertussis, with median age 12 y, all corresponding to clinical case definition, were identified with an attack rate of 36%. Regarding confirmation of the diagnosis, out of all clinical cases, 18 were confirmed by laboratory testing (2 by isolation of B. pertussis and 16 serologically based on single sera) and 36 with epidemiological linkage only. Of all the students with pertussis, 35 (65%) had received 4 doses and 6 (11%) 3 doses of DTwP vaccine; 13 (24%) students had received fewer than 3 doses or were unvaccinated. The contributing factors in generating this outbreak were close epidemiological contacts, late identification of pertussis diagnosis in the primary, secondary and later cases, as well as a too late initiated active surveillance. In this outbreak, low vaccine effectiveness and low vaccination coverage also played an important role.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

CagA protein seropositivity in a random sample of adult population and gastric cancer patients in Estonia.

OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of antibodies to CagA protein, associated with the risk of developing gastric cancer (GC), was studied in an Estonian adult population with a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and in a group of GC patients. DESIGN: In a representative sample of a random adult population from the South Estonian town of Karksi-Nuia, containing 199 subjects (86 M, 113 F, mean age 42.4) and in 45 (22 M, 23 F, mean age 64.5) consecutive patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, recruited during the periods 1986-87 and 1995-96 in the Hospital of Oncology, University of Tartu, anti-CagA IgG antibodies were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a recombinant fragment of CagA protein. The occurrence of anti-CagA IgG in ELISA was compared with immunoblot results for 141 subjects. RESULTS: Seropositivity to acid glycine extracted cell surface proteins of HP was 85% in the population and 91% in GC patients (p = 0.39). Anti-CagA IgG antibodies were present in 63% of the population and in 87% of GC patients (p = 0.004). The highest prevalence of anti-CagA IgG in the population sample occurred in the age group 20-29 (76%). A comparison of anti-CagA positivity evaluated by using ELISA and immunoblot showed an agreement of results in 80% of cases. CONCLUSION: HP seropositivity was similarly high in the Estonian random adult population sample and in GC patients, however, the prevalence of anti-CagA IgG was significantly higher in GC patients. Moreover, persons aged 20-29 years in the population possess the highest prevalence of anti-CagA IgG and should be given further attention with respect to the development of GC later in life.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2006

Use of antiepileptic drugs in Estonia: an epidemiologic study of adult epilepsy.

An evaluation of general antiepileptic treatment patterns and utilization of particular drugs was carried out based on the prevalence study of adult active epilepsy in a sample of the Estonian population. The antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) used, and their doses were recorded and compared with clinical characteristics. Nineteen per cent of the subjects did not take any AED on the prevalence day; 83% of those on medication were taking a single drug, 15% two, and 2% three AEDs. Localization-related symptomatic epilepsies were most frequently treated with AEDs and were also the largest group receiving polytherapy. The most common agent was carbamazepine (68%), followed by barbiturates. Valproate and phenytoin were used much less. The study design and its impact on the interpretation of results is discussed. The percentage of sodium-channel blockers is generally comparable with that reported from other European countries. The small share of valproate is probably a result of the extensive utilization of barbiturates, and is partially related to the age distribution in the study. The high figure of AED-free cases, and small percentage of polytherapy indicates a tendency for undertreatment. Some points for improvement in AED therapy are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Suicide in Estonia.

Data on the suicide rate from 1922 to 1935 and from 1965 to 1988 are obtained from annual journals and original documents compiled by the Estonian State Committee for Statistics. During the period of Estonian independence (1922-1935 under consideration), the suicide rate was 16.7 per 100,000 inhabitants at the beginning of the period. During the Great Depression, this figure temporarily rose to 30 and declined to 20.6 in the year 1935. From 1965 to 1985 the suicide rate remained constantly high: on average 33 per 100,000 inhabitants. A decline in the male suicide rate from 55.2 to 36.8 has occurred since 1986. The effects of sociopolitical changes and of limitations on the sale of alcohol on suicide rates are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Treatment of children with Osteogenesis imperfecta in Estonia.

AIM: To analyse the changes in fracture rate, bone density and histology in children with Osteogenesis imperfecta receiving treatment with alendronate (oral bisphosphonate) and calcitriol. METHODS: Children treated at Tartu University Hospital from 1995 to 2001 were examined for Osteogenesis imperfecta. Radiographs and bone density measurements were obtained for all patients at the beginning of the study. Four patients also had bone biopsies prior to and one year after beginning treatment. The children were then given alendronate in weight-dependent dosages and also calcitriol. The number of fractures during the treatment period was recorded and follow-up bone density measurements were made. RESULTS: Fifteen patients were treated during the 6-y period; mean follow-up approximately 3 y. It was found that the number of bone fractures had decreased significantly (p < 0.0001). Bone density improved in all 15 patients. Histologic studies revealed an increased number of osteoblasts and thickness of bone trabeculae as well as a more regular bone lamellar structure at the time of the second operation. CONCLUSION: The complex treatment of Osteogenesis imperfecta should include alendronate and calcitriol to decrease fractures and improve bone mineral density.

Administration, Oral↗