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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Embryo transfer: techniques and variables affecting success.

OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on the variables affecting embryo transfer success or failure and to define technical factors associated with optimal outcome. DESIGN: Literature review. RESULTS: Avoidance of blood, mucus, bacterial contamination, excessive uterine contractions, and trauma to the endometrium is associated with optimal pregnancy and implantation rates after transcervical embryo transfer. A trial transfer, ultrasonographic guidance, and use of "soft" catheters appear to facilitate successful embryo transfer. CONCLUSION: An understanding of the variables associated with embryo transfer success together with adherence to techniques shown to facilitate atraumatic embryo transfer will enhance the efficiency of IVF by maximizing embryo implantation.

Blastocyst↗
PubMed1989

Establishment of pregnancy related to embryo transfer techniques after in-vitro fertilization.

The success rate of embryo transfers is not influenced by the choice of the catheter or the position of the patient during embryo transfer. The quality of embryos seems to be the crucial factor for the establishment of pregnancy and the transfer of more than one embryo (so-called multiple transfer) increases the pregnancy rate. Embryo transfer under general anaesthesia does not improve the pregnancy rate significantly. Intratubal embryo transfer in patients with normal Fallopian tubes seems to be promising, especially in cases of andrological infertility.

Embryo Transfer↗
PubMed1987

Pregnancies following in vitro fertilization and ultrasound-directed surgical embryo transfer by perurethral and transvaginal techniques.

Ultrasound-directed surgical ET is useful in patients with a history of difficult cervical (nonsurgical) transfer, and was performed without complications in the small group reported here. The technique is straightforward, and requires no greater expertise than that necessary for ultrasound-guided oocyte collection. However, further studies are necessary to assess its role in the routine transfer of embryos following IVF.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of maternal environment on the number of transferable embryos obtained in response to superovulatory FSH treatments in ewes.

In a first experiment, embryo viability was estimated after recovery in the uterus or the oviduct of 70 Manchega ewes following a treatment of superovulation with decreasing doses of OVAGEN. Fewer viable embryos (5.6 +/- 0.9 vs. 8.3 +/- 0.8, P < 0.05) and more degenerative embryos (31.3% vs. 6.8%, P < 0.005) were obtained from the uterus than from the oviduct respectively. In a second experiment performed on 14 ewes, embryo viability was analyzed in relation to the follicular population estimated by ultrasonography (follicles > or = 2 mm) at the first FSH administration. Progesterone (P4) and oestradiol 17beta (E2) concentrations were also determined from the beginning of the superovulation treatment to the recovery of the embryos. The number of viable embryos (4.3 +/- 1.4) was positively correlated (r = 0.824) with of 2-4 mm diameter follicles (P < 0.05), and with E2 concentrations at -12 h (r = 0.891, P < 0.01) , 0 h (r = 0.943, P < 0.0001) and +24 h (r = 0.948, P < 0.05) from estrus detection. Prolonged high levels of E2 up to 72 h with low levels of P4 on days 3 and 4 after estrus had a negative (P < 0.05) effect on embryo viability. These results indicate that ovarian response to superovulatory protocols is related to the individual variations in the number of follicles of 2-4 mm at the start of FSH treatment, and that embryo viability is conditioned by the steroid patterns during the time spent in the genital tract of the super-ovulated ewes.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

An embryo transfer study of reciprocal cross differences in growth and carcass traits of Duroc and Landrace pigs.

Reciprocal cross differences have been reported for growth rate and carcass traits in F1 pigs with the Duroc (D) as a parent breed. Such differences are synonymous with maternal effects if effects of sex linkage and genomic imprinting are negligible. In the present study, transfer of embryos (ET) to paternal breed recipients partitioned effects occurring at or before fertilization from postfertilization effects for growth and carcass traits in F1 D-Landrace (L) pigs. Fifteen boars sired 115 F1 litters, 49 produced by ET. Growth rate of 349 barrows and 361 gilts and carcass measurements on 256 barrows and 159 gilts were analyzed assuming mixed linear models with animal and litter as random effects. Contrasts among genotype (D x L, L x D)- treatment (ET, non-ET) means were tested. Reciprocal cross differences were not detected for growth rate or for carcass weight, length, average backfat thickness, estimated carcass lean, or lean per day of age. Reciprocal cross differences for 10th rib backfat thickness (BF) and longissimus muscle area (LMA) were detected only in barrows. The sexual dichotomy for reciprocal cross differences followed expectations for a Y-linked gene(s), consistent with the fact that reciprocal D-L crossbred barrows exhibited a paternal effect, with responses more like the sire breed than the dam breed. Barrows that were non-ET from D sires and L dams had 3.9 cm2 larger LMA and 5.8 mm less BF than barrows from L sires and D dams (P less than .001). Barrows from ET sired by D boars had 3.8 cm2 larger LMA than did barrows from ET sired by L boars (P less than .001), although no difference was detected for BF. Barrows sired by D boars reared in a D postfertilization environment (ET) had 6.2 cm2 greater LMA and 4.1 mm less BF (P less than .05) than barrows sired by L boars gestated and reared by D dams (non-ET). Barrows sired by D boars reared by L dams (non-ET) had 1.5 cm2 greater LMA and 2.3 mm less BF (P greater than .10) than barrows sired by L boars reared by L dams (ET). In conclusion, reciprocal cross differences detected for BF and LMA in barrows were established before or at fertilization and seemed to be Y-linked.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2004

Effect of corporal fibroids on outcome following embryo transfer in donor-oocyte recipients.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of intramural or subserosal fibroids in the uterine fundus or corpus on pregnancy outcome following transfer of embryos formed from donated oocytes methods. METHODS: Leiomyomata were measured in three dimensions by transvaginal sonography. Scanning was performed in two planes (sagittal and coronal) at the level of maximal width. The location was categorized by depth in the uterus. RESULTS: There was no difference in pregnancy rates in those with or without fibroids. However, there was a significantly higher miscarriage rate in the former group. CONCLUSION: Women with fibroids are generally older. Thus conclusions about the effect on miscarriage rates are complicated by the effect of the aging oocyte on miscarriages. This study eliminated the oocyte factor by using only younger donated oocytes.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed2006

Serum oestradiol and beta-HCG measurements after day 3 or 5 embryo transfers in interpreting pregnancy outcome.

The aim of this study was to assess the clinical value of serum oestradiol concentration 8 days after embryo transfer (D8E2) and beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG-beta) concentration 12 days after embryo transfer (D12HCG-beta) in the prediction of pregnancy and the outcome of pregnancy following assisted reproduction, taking into account the day of transfer, which was either day 3 (D3) or day 5 (D5). The objective was to improve patient counselling by giving quantitative and reliable predictive information instead of non-specific uncertainties. A total of 2035 embryo transfer cycles performed between January 2003 and June 2005 were analysed retrospectively. Biochemical pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy and first-trimester abortions were classified as non-viable pregnancies; pregnancies beyond 12 weeks gestation were classified as ongoing pregnancies (OP). Significantly higher D8E2 and D12HCG-beta were obtained in D5 transfers compared with D3 transfers with regard to pregnancy and OP (P<or=0.001). For D3 embryo transfers, the cut-off value of D8E2 in predicting OP was 130 pg/ml (sensitivity 80%, specificity 72%), compared with 98 mIU/ml (sensitivity 89%, specificity 69%) for D12HCG-beta. For D5 embryo transfers, the values were 179 pg/ml (sensitivity 79%, specificity 84%) and 257 mIU/ml (sensitivity 78%, specificity 81%) respectively. It appears that serum post-embryo transfer D8E2 and D12HCG-beta concentrations provided clear information regarding pregnancy and the outcome of pregnancy following IVF-embryo transfer.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Difficult embryo transfers: contribution of echography].

The aim of this retrospective study is to compare the results of embryo transfer in IVF without or after cervical dilatation, and trans-myometrial trans-vaginal transfer and after ultrasound-guided transfer. From 1989 to 1996 we have performed 4,355 embryo transfers to obtain 1,115 pregnancies. The results were 25.6% pregnancy by transfer and 10.9 embryos to start a pregnancy. During this time 281 transfers were appreciated as difficult or impossible and a cervical dilatation was done. We obtain 17.4% pregnancies by transfer with 16.5 embryos per pregnancy. We also practiced for the same indication 50 transmyometrial-transvaginal transfers. The result was 18% pregnancy by transfer and 16 embryos to start a pregnancy. In 1997 we have stopped cervical dilatations to prefer in these indications ultrasound-guided embryo transfer. 74 transfer were performed with this method to obtain 28.4% pregnancies per transfer and 9.9 embryos to start one pregnancy. This results are compared to a subgroup of women 38 years old or less, with a normal partner's sperm and in witch two embryos or more were transferred. At the end we think that the use of ultrasonography for embryo transfer is benefit in IVF program.

Embryo Transfer↗
PubMed2006

Impact of physician performing embryo transfer on pregnancy rates in an assisted reproductive program.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of the individual physician performing embryo transfer, on clinical pregnancy rates. METHOD: Data from a total of 485 consecutive embryo transfers performed on 485 women aged 23-37 years were prospectively collected for this study. All patients underwent a standard downregulation long protocol for ovarian stimulation. Oocyte recovery was performed at 36 h after hCG administration. Embryo transfer took place at 48 h after insemination. The patients were matched in two groups that have been linked to two different ET providers (A and B). The same method of loading embryos into the embryo transfer catheter was used. RESULTS: Clinical pregnancy rates varied significantly (p< or =0.01) between the two providers: 36.1% in group A and 20.6% in group B. The number and quality of embryos transferred did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the physician factor may be an important variable in embryo transfer technique.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The rate at which serum total beta-subunit human chorionic gonadotropin increases after embryo transfer is a predictor of the viability of pregnancy and an identifier of determinants of pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether elements of treatment associated with faster doubling times of total beta-hCG in serum (beta-t2) in pregnant patients are also associated with a higher likelihood of pregnancy in all patients. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of beta-t2 values, elements of ovarian stimulation (COH), and outcomes. SETTING: Private assisted reproductive technology (ART) center. PATIENT(S): Initial analysis of data from 432 cycles in which conception occurred after COH and embryo transfer, followed by analysis of pregnancy outcomes after 1,287 cycles of COH/ embryo transfer. INTERVENTION(S): No interventions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The beta-t2 values initially computed from consecutive serum beta-hCG levels in ongoing pregnancies were correlated with multiple properties of the patients and their treatment cycles. RESULT(S): The beta-t2 values during early pregnancy increased exponentially from about 1.6 days at 12 days to about 3.0 days at 24 days after embryo transfer. In those pregnancies which spontaneously aborted, early average beta-t2 values were higher than those for ongoing pregnancies; absolute beta-hCG levels did not differ. Positive correlations were established between beta-t2 values, the number of days of stimulation, and the number of ampules of drug administered per oocyte retrieved. The beta-t2 values were inversely related to average numbers of blastomeres in transferred embryos. Ongoing pregnancy rates (PR) were higher for cycles with lower gonadotropin dosages per oocyte retrieved, and when the average number of blastomeres in transferred embryos was higher. CONCLUSION(S): Steeper beta-hCG doubling times in early pregnancy were associated with lower gonadotropin dosages during ovarian stimulation and with higher numbers of blastomeres in transferred embryos. The latter variables were, in turn, associated with a higher likelihood of pregnancy after embryo transfer.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of the mechanism for higher pregnancy rates in donor oocyte recipients by comparison of fresh with frozen embryo transfer pregnancy rates in a shared oocyte programme.

The objective of this study was to determine the mechanism for higher pregnancy rates in oocyte recipients by comparing the pregnancy rates following fresh and frozen embryo transfers in a shared oocyte programme. A prospective study was carried out of 135 matched pairs of donors and recipients who equally share the donors' pool of oocytes. Recipients were subclassified by ovarian function: 69 were in ovarian failure and 66 retained ovarian function. A total of 474 standard in-vitro fertilization cycles using the same ovarian stimulation protocol as the donors were also evaluated. The main outcome measures were the clinical pregnancy and implantation rates for donors and recipients following fresh and frozen embryo transfers. The clinical pregnancy rates per transfer for fresh embryo transfers were 17.5% for donors, 20.4% for recipients with ovarian function and 46.3% for recipients in ovarian failure (P < 0.05). The pregnancy rates for frozen embryo transfers were 15.3% for donors, 17.2% for recipients with ovarian function and 23.8% for recipients in ovarian failure (not significantly different). The implantation rates for fresh transfers were 7.5% for donors, 8.6% for recipients with ovarian function and 15.6% for recipients in ovarian failure (P < 0.05); for frozen cycles, the implantation rates were 5.1, 5.2 and 7.1% respectively (not significantly different). When classified by age and ovarian function, the clinical pregnancy rates per transfer for recipients with ovarian function were 14.0% for those aged > or = 40 and 22.2% for those aged < 40 years. For recipients in ovarian failure, the pregnancy rates were 33.3% for the older group of women and 39.4% for the younger group. A logistic regression analysis found that ovarian function was the only factor to have an independent effect on outcome. The demonstration of higher pregnancy and implantation rates in recipients versus donors following fresh embryo transfer, despite the use of a common pool of oocytes, strongly suggests that the well-known higher fecundity found in recipients is not predominantly related to the use of better quality oocytes. The demonstration of an implantation rate twice as high following fresh versus frozen embryo transfer in recipients with ovarian failure suggests that the frozen embryo is not as hardy as the fresh embryo. Thus, the fact that both the pregnancy and implantation rates in donors were the same with fresh versus frozen embryo transfer suggests that the ovarian stimulation regimen has a negative effect on outcome. However, the clear demonstration of higher pregnancy rates in recipients with ovarian failure compared with those with ovarian function suggests that, in addition, these higher rates may be linked to a superior uterine environment in patients with ovarian failure. Alternatively, the use of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists may have a negative effect on implantation in patients with ovarian function.

Cryopreservation↗
PubMed2005

Twin pregnancy in the horns of a bicornuate uterus after in vitro fertilization and split embryo transfer: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Twin pregnancies located in the separate horns of a bicornuate uterus following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer have been rarely reported. CASE: A 32-year-old woman presented with primary infertility and was diagnosed as having a bicornuate uterus. Because of severe male factor infertility, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer were recommended. Embryo transfer resulted in a twin pregnancy with a fetus in each horn. CONCLUSION: Embryo transfer into separate uterine cavities resulted in a twin pregnancy, with a fetus in each horn, and term delivery. Split embryo transfer into each uterine cavity of an uncorrected bicornuate uterus is a feasible treatment option in selected patients, provided that the couple is counseled about the risks involved.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Increased endometrial thickness is associated with improved treatment outcome for selected patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.

OBJECTIVE: To examine possible relationships between endometrial thickness and treatment outcome after IVF and embryo transfer, and to explore the role of potential confounding factors that may influence such relationships. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: A university-affiliated clinical IVF center. PATIENT(S): Patients undergoing IVF-embryo transfer with their own oocytes. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Endometrial thickness was determined on the day of hCG administration, 2 days before oocyte retrieval. Clinical pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasound observation of fetal heart activity. RESULT(S): The study analyzed 897 IVF-embryo transfer cycles. Treatment outcome (clinical pregnancy) after IVF-embryo transfer was positively associated with increased endometrial thickness and peak E(2) concentrations in serum, and negatively associated with advanced age. Endometrial thickness was dependent on peak E(2) concentrations in serum, but was independent of patient age or duration of ovarian stimulation. Thin endometrium reduced PRs in relatively young patients (<38 years old), in patients who required more than 10 days of gonadotropin stimulation, or in patients whose embryo transfers consisted of poor quality embryos. CONCLUSION(S): Increased endometrial thickness was associated with improved treatment outcome, but this association was dependent on patient age, duration of ovarian stimulation, and embryo quality.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Estrous synchronization and establishment of pregnancy in bovine embryo transfer recipients.

Characteristics of donors, embryos, recipients, and transfer procedures were examined for relationships with establishment of pregnancy. Data were from records of 1202 embryos transferred by the professional staff of a large embryo transfer company. Average pregnancy rate was 74.6%. Variables affecting establishment of pregnancy were service sire, embryo quality, stage of estrous cycle in recipient, quadratic effect of synchrony, and transfer quality. Because the direct or indirect effect of sire must be established at conception, these data demonstrate a latent effect of sire on pregnancy. One would expect the highest pregnancy rate among excellent quality embryos transferred with no delays or complications into recipients that had displayed estrus at the same time or prior to the donor yet were relatively early in their estrous cycles. There also was a tendency for pregnancy rate to decrease with advancing maturity of the embryo.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

The developmental competence of bovine nuclear transfer embryos derived from cow versus heifer cytoplasts.

Due to its economic importance, the production of cattle by nuclear transfer has been a primary research focus for many researchers during the past few years. While many groups have successfully produced cattle by nuclear transfer, and progress in this area continues, nuclear transfer remains a very inefficient technology. This study evaluates the effect of the oocyte source (cow and heifer) on the developmental competence of nuclear transfer embryos. In order for nuclear transfer to be successful, a differentiated donor cell must be reprogrammed and restored to a totipotent state. This reprogramming is probably accomplished by factors within the oocyte cytoplasm. This study indicates that oocytes derived from cows have a greater capacity to reprogram donor cell DNA following nuclear transfer as compared to heifer oocytes based on in vitro development to the 2-cell stage and to the compacted morula/blastocyst stages. Nuclear transfer embryos derived from cow oocytes resulted in significantly higher rates of pregnancy establishment than embryos derived from heifer oocytes and resulted in higher pregnancy retention at 90 and 180 days and a greater number of term deliveries. Following delivery more calves derived from cow oocytes tended to be healthy and normal than those derived from heifer oocytes. The differences in developmental efficiency between nuclear transfer embryos derived from cow and heifer cytoplasts demonstrate that subtle differences in oocyte biology can have significant effects on subsequent development of nuclear transfer embryos.

Aging↗
PubMed2000

Comparing two embryo transfer catheters. Use of a trial transfer to determine the catheter applied.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the performance of two different embryo transfer catheters (Wallace and Frydman) in an in vitro fertilization (IVF)-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) program. STUDY DESIGN: Four hundred twenty-eight IVF or ICSI embryo transfer cycles were analyzed. A trial transfer was performed before the initiation of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation to determine the choice of embryo transfer catheter, Wallace or Frydman. Actual transfer was undertaken with the catheter chosen from the trial transfer. RESULTS: During actual embryo transfer, 214 (93.5%) of the intended 229 Wallace transfers were successful, and in 15 transfers the Frydman catheter was used. Of the intended 199 Frydman transfers, all were successful. Clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate per embryo and ectopic pregnancy rate per transfer for the Wallace catheter were 41.6%, 16% and 0.9%, respectively. Respective rates for the Frydman catheter were 36.0%, 14.4% and 0.9% (P > .05 for all variables). Trial catheterization prevented most of the unanticipated procedural difficulties during the actual transfer. CONCLUSION: Both Wallace and Frydman catheters performed similarly, although there was a slight but nonsignificant increase in clinical pregnancy rates with the Wallace catheter.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Studies on factors affecting superovulation and embryo transfer in Hungarian merino ewes.

The objectives of this study were (a) to assess the ovulatory response and embryo production of Hungarian Merino ewes after superovulation, (b) to investigate the factors influencing the efficiency of embryo transfer (ET) in Hungarian Merino ewes, (c) to compare the results of two ovarian stimulation protocols (PMSG and PMSG + FSH treatment) in Hungarian Merino ewes, and (d) to study how superovulation, laparoscopic insemination and surgical embryo retrieval (ER) affect the subsequent reproduction of Hungarian Merino donor females after an ET programme. There was no significant difference between the ovarian stimulation protocols in the ratio of donor ewes responding to superovulation nor in the average number of corpora lutea. However, the number of transferable embryos recovered per donor ewe was higher in the PMSG + FSH group. The proportion of transferable embryos, unfertilized oocytes and degenerated embryos did not differ between the treatment protocols. The total pregnancy rate was 53.4% (179/335). Neither the developmental stage of the embryo nor the number of transferred embryos affect the implantation of embryos. However, the increased number of transferred embryos positively influenced the pregnancy rate. No difference was found in the pregnancy rate between synchronised and non-synchronised groups of recipients. Thirty-six out of 45 donor ewes (80%) became pregnant within one year after the ET programme, indicating that ovarian stimulation and surgical ER did not affect adversely their reproduction.

Animals↗