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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

TV-image analysis based quantification of the proliferative activity and the apoptotic rate in thyroid tumors and thyroiditis.

To analyze the impact of cellular proliferative activity and apoptosis, MIB-1 immunopositivity and the apoptotic rate of normal tissue (n = 20), follicular adenoma (n = 30), follicular carcinoma (n = 32), papillary carcinoma (n = 40), Hashimoto thyroiditis (n = 17) and de Quervain thyroiditis (n = 12) was investigated by means of TV-image analysis. Three-micron sections from paraffin-embedded surgical specimens were investigated. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed using an indirect peroxidase method. For determination of apoptosis the in situ DNA nick-end labeling method (TUNEL) was used. The rate of positive cells was determined using the CM-2 TV-image analysis system (Hund, Wetzlar, Federal Republic of Germany). Forty viewing fields (1.94 mm2) were measured with 20:1 objective mangnification. An average of > 4,400 cells were assessed in each case. The mean MIB-1 immunopositivity was higher in follicular carcinoma (average, 2.30%) than in de Quervain thyroiditis (1.48%), papillary carcinoma (1.26%), Hashimoto thyroiditis (0.97%), follicular adenoma (0.58%) and normal thyroid tissue (0.14%). The apoptotic rates were higher in Hashimoto thyroiditis (4.54%) and de Quervain thyroiditis (3.55%) than in thyroid tumors (0.31%-0.49%) and normal thyroid tissue (0.10%). Calculating the ratio of MIB-1 expression and apoptotic rate, thyroid tumors (12.1-14.6) revealed higher values than normal thyroid tissue (3.6), indicating cell gain. In Hashimoto thyroiditis (1.7) and de Quervain thyroiditis (0.7) the ratio was lower than in normal tissue indicating cell loss. MIB-1 immunohistometry and apoptotic rate quantification present new insights into the proliferative and apoptotic potential of thyroid lesions based on a high number of cells investigated per case. The impact of both methods could be used for the interpretation of diagnostically difficult and inconclusive fine-needle aspirates. However, as there was an overlap of the single values, the results have to be interpreted carefully for diagnostic purposes.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2005

Genetic analysis of mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated in Ural region, Russian Federation, by MIRU-VNTR genotyping.

SETTING: The Ural region in Russia is one of the areas most affected by a high incidence of tuberculosis (TB). Molecular epidemiological studies able to trace Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission are of particular significance. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the population of M. tuberculosis strains circulating in the Ural region, to detect the predominant genotypes and to evaluate their phylogenetic relationship and epidemiological significance. DESIGN: Ninety-two M. tuberculosis clinical samples originating from the Ural region were genotyped using the MIRU-VNTR method. RESULTS: Two major phylogenetically distinct groups of isolates were identified: the W-Beijing family (54.3%) and a previously unreported cluster, named the Ural group (15.2%). Forty-seven different MIRU profiles were identified, including 38 unique (41.3%) and 54 isolates grouped into nine clusters (from 2 to 28 isolates in each cluster). Genetic diversity within the clusters was shown by additional sub-typing of M. tuberculosis isolates in nine additional QUB-VNTR loci. CONCLUSION: W-Beijing family isolates are associated with multiresistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs. It is possible that the strains of this family play a significant role in the spread of multidrug-resistant TB over the Ural region.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Causes of differences in emergency care utilization in municipalities of Sverdlovskaya Oblast].

Quantitative evaluation of impact of such groups of factors as health care system potential, demographic structure, degree of social economic development and emergency care services potential on the level of emergency care appealability in municipalities of subject of Russian Federation is discussed. Multivariate analysis was applied as research tool. Compound complex of causes impacts development of emergency care appealability. Degree of municipal health care system development is the most important of them. Mathematical forecast of effectiveness of certain managerial options targeting decrease of emergency care appealability is given.

Catchment Area, Health↗
PubMed1990

The aging of America. Impact on health care costs.

The rapid growth of the oldest age groups will have a major impact on future health care costs. We use current US Census Bureau projections for the growth of our oldest age groups to project future costs for Medicare, nursing homes, dementia, and hip fractures. Without major changes in the health of our older population, these health care costs will escalate enormously, in large part as a result of the projected growth of the "oldest old," those aged 85 years and above. Medicare costs for the oldest old may increase sixfold by the year 2040 (in constant 1987 dollars). It is unlikely that these projected increases in health care costs will be restrained solely by cost-containment strategies. Successful containment of these health care costs will be related to our ability to prevent and/or cure those age-dependent diseases and disorders that will produce the greatest needs for long-term care.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Bioethics in the public forum.

Public policy is, and ought to be, concerned with the welfare of human beings across a broad spectrum of circumstances and conditions. A Catholic moral theologian analyzes his involvement as a public policy consultant on in vitro fertilization. Evaluative judgements made by the Ethics Advisory Board are not edicts; they leave matters open for reconsideration and revision, while providing a basis for policy decisions for the present.

Advisory Committees↗
PubMed1993

Ethical issues in the allocation and reimbursement of bone marrow transplantation.

At its best, today's conference might be an attempt to limit the premature dissemination of poorly studied, toxic, expensive therapies to desperate patients by accepting limitations to BMT, especially outside of a well-designed experimental study; and, at the same time, an acknowledgment that, in certain circumstances, the patient's best interests are served by receiving experimental therapy (never mind the interests of society) and that our current patchwork system of reimbursement is inherently unfair in its inconsistency. If we can agree on this, there is some small hope that we can reach a fair consensus regarding cases like Mrs. Washburn's. If experimental therapy is distinguished from standard therapy not only in terms of efficacy, but in terms of method and intent, it becomes apparent that experimental therapy is not a monolithic entity, and has a large and sometimes predictable range of probabilities of benefiting the individual patient. Consideration ought to be given to bypassing the experimental vs. standard debate altogether, working toward consensus regarding reimbursement decisions using alternative methods for assessing efficacy and allocating medical care.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗