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PubMed1990

Ovarian follicular dynamics in the llama.

Ovarian follicular dynamics were determined in adult llamas by ultrasonography and palpation per rectum and hormone analysis (estradiol-17 beta and estrogen conjugates) of plasma and urine. The relationship of gonadotropin secretion to follicular development was determined by the analysis of plasma FSH and LH concentrations. Progesterone analysis of plasma was used to verify or deny the presence of CL. Final follicular development (from 3 mm) averaged 4.8 days, while the duration of the mature follicle (8-12 mm) averaged 5.0 days; regression of the follicle occurred over about 4 days. The development of a subsequent dominant follicle usually began within 2-3 days after onset of regression of the dominant follicle. While several follicles were present at the time of the demise of the dominant follicle, only one follicle continued to develop. The interval between ovarian follicle waves averaged 11.1 days. Dominant follicle activity alternated between ovaries in 81% of the cycles. The occurrence of dominant follicles was evenly distributed between ovaries. While plasma estradiol and estrogen conjugate concentrations were positively associated (p less than 0.05) with follicular activity, urinary estrogen conjugate concentrations best reflected ovarian follicular dynamics (p less than 0.001). Daily FSH concentrations in plasma were not correlated with follicular activity. LH concentrations in plasma were low in all animals throughout the study, indicating estrogen from developing ovarian follicles does not induce the release of LH. Progesterone values were low during the study, indicating that the llama does not spontaneously ovulate, at least under the conditions of this study. In summary, llamas have overlapping ovarian follicle waves that occur at about 11-day intervals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Gonadotrophin and alpha subunit secretion by human 'functionless' pituitary adenomas in cell culture: long term effects of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone and thyrotrophin releasing hormone.

The long-term effects of LHRH and TRH on gonadotrophin alpha subunit, FSH and LH secretion by cell cultures of four human chromophobic pituitary tumours have been examined. The tumours derived from one male and three female patients who presented because of visual disturbance but had no evident endocrine symptoms. Subsequent serum hormone analysis showed the FSH to be high in the male but low or normal in the post-menopausal females whereas LH levels were low in all patients. In culture, basal hormone secretion could be maintained for periods up to 63 d. All tumours secreted alpha subunit and FSH, but much lower amounts of LH. Addition of LHRH or TRH for a period of 12 to 41 d showed that alpha subunit, FSH and LH secretion were stimulated by LHRH from one tumour, by LHRH and TRH from two tumours. There was always a rapid decline in the LH secretion. The tumour which secreted FSH predominantly was stimulated by TRH. We conclude that human pituitary 'functionless' adenomas can secrete gonadotrophin alpha subunit and FSH in vitro and that secretion can be stimulated during long term releasing hormone experiments. LH secretion, however, cannot be maintained.

Adenoma, Chromophobe↗
PubMed1986

Testicular volume, semen profile and serum hormone levels in fertile Thai males.

The fertility profile of 307 Thai male volunteers whose wives were currently in early pregnancy was established by genital examination, semen analysis and serum hormone analysis. Ninety percent of the subjects had testicular volumes of 12-25 ml (mean 17.2 ml) which was found to relate to body weight, height and the ponderal index as well as to the sperm count. However, values for semen analysis were significantly below the recognised standard for Caucasian males. There was an inverse relationship between testicular volume and the serum concentration of FSH, LH and prolactin. It is suggested that a common protocol for male fertility assessment should be used to establish standard parameters for racially different male populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Hormonal response to electrocautery of the ovary in patients with polycystic ovarian disease.

Fifty-eight women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCO) were treated with electrocautery of the ovarian capsule and then studied by hormone analysis for 12 months. In 72% ovulation appeared to occur within 4 weeks and in this group mean serum LH and FSH levels showed a statistically significant increase the day after electrocautery, followed by a gradual decline in LH to a level significantly below the pretreatment value. No changes in LH and FSH were seen in those who did not ovulate. The mean levels of testosterone, androstenedione and dihydrotestosterone which were in the upper normal range or slightly above before treatment were significantly reduced after electrocautery. Serum oestradiol levels showed a significant increase after 1 week, when progesterone levels were still unchanged, suggesting that follicular development was already in progress. The mean serum level of sex hormone binding globulin was slightly below the normal range before treatment and then increased gradually. Endocrine responses to electrocautery were similar to those described previously after wedge resection. The simplicity of this treatment and the good response make it an attractive alternative for treating infertility associated with PCO.

Androstenedione↗
PubMed1991

Hormone studies in females with androgenic hairloss.

Reports on hormone analysis in androgenic hairloss in the female show partly contradicting results. Elevated as well as normal-range androgen levels have been found. The present study aimed at the investigation of a possibly more differentiated hormonal constellation by hormone analysis and additional determination of the hypophyseal level by the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) test. In 46 female patients with androgenic hairloss blood sampling for hormone analysis was performed. Determination of the androgens testosterone (T), androstenedione (A), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), 17-hydroxy-progesterone acetate (17-OHP) and free testosterone (FT), of sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), estradiol (E2), cortisol (F) and the hypophyseal luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was performed by standard radioimmunoassay methods. The TRH-test is based on feedback mechanisms between the hypothalamic TRH which stimulates hypophyseal TSH and PRL release. Thus, even mild forms of hypothyroidism or hyperprolactinaemia can be detected. The control group for the TRH test consisted of 45 volunteer females without hairloss or any other hormonal or menstrual disturbances. Statistical analysis was performed according to the Wilcoxon two-sample test. The results of the study show no significant elevation of androgens in females with androgenic hairloss, but a more complex condition with involvement of the glandula suprarenalis and the hypophyseal level. Significantly elevated TSH levels prior to and after TRH stimulation in the hairloss group indicate that hypothyroidism may be an important hormonal disturbance in androgenic hairloss. Interactions between hypothyroidism and androgen metabolism are possible at various links.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1985

Analysis of computer-generated hydropathy profiles for human glycoprotein and lactogenic hormones.

Analysis of hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions of human lactogenic (PRL, GH, and placental lactogen) and glycoprotein hormones (FSH, LH, TSH, and hCG) by the method of Kyte and Doolittle has been performed. A BASIC program, developed for the IBM personal computer, produces graphical and tabular results. The net hydropathy value, a new parameter based on the Kyte and Doolittle analysis which may be useful for comparing various polypeptides, was developed. This value is correlated with physical properties, such as solubility of the glycoprotein hormones. New (more hydrophilic) indices were assigned for glycosylated asparagine, serine, and threonine residues, and slightly more hydrophilic indices were assigned for half-cystines found in disulfide bonds. The results indicate that the so-called determinant loop of Ward and Moore is hydrophilic (accessible) and suggest that regions on either side of this loop should also be considered as potential effectors of hormone specificity. It is suggested that binding (protein-protein interaction) sites tend to be modestly hydrophilic, but also contain residues that could interact through the hydrophobic effect.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1978

Detection of ovulation by a radioreceptor assay for human luteinizing hormone.

A specific, sensitive, and rapid radioreceptor assay (RRA), employing membranes from bovine testes as receptor and [125I]hLH as radioligand, has been developed for measurement of human LH in serum. This RRA was used to determine the time of ovulation in seven women. For comparison, four hourly values around midcycle were measured by RIA. The sensitivity of the RRA was 0.78 ng/ml serum and could be increased by prolonged incubation. The coefficient of within and between assay variation at the 50% inhibition level was 7% and 13%, respectively. The mean index of discrimination (RRA/RIA) was 1.02, expressed by the slope of the regression curve. The coefficient of correlation was 0.97. In all women, the LH surge was detected by RRA, and the subsequent ovulation was verified within 30 h by endoscopic examination of the ovaries, as well as serum progesterone concentrations of more than 5 ng/ml on the fifth day after ovulation. As shown, prospective ovulation timing can be done by this simple and accurate method. The RRA can be useful in infertility therapy such as artificial insemination.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Plasma levels of adrenocorticotropin and cortisol in women receiving oral contraceptive steroid treatment.

The secretion rate and plasma concentration of the adrenocortical steroid cortisol is modified in subjects treated with estrogenic and/or progestational steroids. The effects of contraceptive steroids on the secretion of ACTH are poorly documented, however, In the current investigation, we found that concentrations of ACTH and cortisol in plasma obtained at 0800--0900 h from a group of women with normal cyclic menses (n = 4) ranged from 78--120 pg/ml and 77--137 ng/ml, respectively. Although significant cyclic changes in the plasma levels of LH, FSH, 17 beta-estradiol, and progesterone occurred during the ovarian cycle, no obvious cyclic fluctuations in plasma levels of ACTH or cortisol were observed. In women treated with Norinyl 1 + 80 (1.0 mg norethindrone plus 0.08 mg mestranol), plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, 17 beta-estradiol, and progesterone were significantly lower (P less than 0.001) than plasma levels of these hormones in normal women during the ovarian cycle. The mean daily plasma concentrations of ACTH were significantly lower (P less than 0.001), whereas plasma cortisol levels were significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in women treated with oral contraceptive steroids compared to the levels of these hormones in the untreated ovulatory women.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1983

Male sexual development in the monkey. I. Cross-sectional analysis of pulsatile hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular function.

Pulsatile secretion of serum gonadotropins and testosterone was studied in 46 monkeys of varying ages from 9 days of age through adult life. Although some of the hormonal analysis was longitudinal in nature, most comparisons were cross-sectional. On the basis of pulsatile secretory patterns, hCG and GnRH stimulation, skeletal age, testicular volume, and histology, we have arbitrarily defined four developmental age groups: postnatal (less than 7 months), prepubertal or juvenile (7-27 months), pubertal (28-59 months), and adult (greater than or equal to 60 months). In accomplishing the pulsatile studies, blood was withdrawn at 15-min intervals over 24 h without anesthesia using a mobile vest and tether assembly to support an indwelling cannula. GnRH and hCG challenge tests were done on one or more occasions on all animals. Plasma samples were analyzed for concentrations of FSH, LH, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and delta 4-androstenedione by established RIAs and an in vitro bioassay for LH. During the frequent sampling period of 24-h duration for all except postnatal animals, testosterone pulses of large amplitude (up to 8-fold) occurred in postnatal, pubertal, and adult animals. Pulsatile gonadotropin secretion was seen at all ages; however, the highest pulses (up to 15-fold) occurred in prepubertal animals even though this was an infrequent occurrence. Time series analysis techniques were applied for objective statistical characterization of cyclic patterns. Basic rhythms corresponding to 50- to 90-min frequency cycles in gonadotropin secretion were identified. Substantive differences between LH concentrations by bioassay and RIA were seen infrequently. Our findings illustrate that: 1) circulating gonadotropin and testosterone pulses change in amplitude but not necessarily frequency during pubertal development, and 2) primate models are a useful paradym for the longitudinal study of human male sexual development. We conclude that where direct human investigation may be limited, much can be learned by study of these primate surrogates.

Age Determination by Skeleton↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of danazol as an oral contraceptive.

The effect of Danazol as an oral contraceptive in doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg daily for 6 months was studied in 3 groups of 10 women. Both 50 and 100 mg Danazol daily were well tolerated, but one pregnancy occurred among the women receiving 50 mg daily, and 2 pregnancies occurred in women receiving 100 mg daily. There were no pregnancies in women taking 200 mg Danazol daily; however, the side effects were frequent and 5 of the 10 patients withdrew from the study prior to 6 months of therapy. Six patients in this study were followed intensively with blood hormone analysis, vaginal cytology, and pathologic evaluation, and these findings are detailed.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative characterization of radioimmunologic and non-isotopic methods of hormonal analysis].

Measurements of 8 hormones (prolactin, FSH, LH, thyrotropic hormone--TTH, estradiol, hydrocortisone, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine--T3) were carried out by the Amerleit system and radioimmunoassay. The hormones were measured in the same blood plasma samples of patients with various endocrine conditions, admitted for examinations to the Endocrinology Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. Employment of the Amerleit system for hormonal analysis helps obtain the results compatible with the results of RIA for the majority of the measured hormones. The methods for measuring LH, estradiol and T3 are to be improved. The Amerleit system is highly productive and permits getting the results within 3 hrs. A trained laboratory assistant can measure the hormonal levels in 120-160 blood samples within a day. High efficacy of the technology is indispensable in realization of the screening programs. The absence of radioactivity, safety, high productivity, reliability, accuracy and good storage of the kits (up to 6-8 months) are the principal advantages of the Amerleit system over the existent radioimmunologic systems.

Estradiol↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Therapeutic results with tamoxifen in oligospermia. II. Hormonal analysis and semen parameters].

During a five months lasting treatment with tamoxifen (2 X 10 resp. 2 X 20 mg daily) a significant increase of testosterone, LH, FSH, estradiol, free testosterone and SHBG was found. The prolactin levels diminished. In semen analysis the values of pH and fructose decreased within the normal range. The sperm density increased significantly, but we could not ascertain whether a dosage of 2 X 20 mg/die will provide better therapeutic results. Furthermore the hormonal and seminal investigations described in this paper did not allow to predict those patients who would be good responders on tamoxifen therapy. Tamoxifen seems to be effective in normo-, but also in hypo- and hypergonadotropic patients.

Estradiol↗
PubMed1977

Bovine cystic ovarian disease: plasma hormone concentrations and treatment.

Ovarian function in 91 dairy cows with cystic ovarian disease was assessed by rectal palpation and by plasma hormone analysis before and after treatment. Plasma analysis showed that 84% of the cysts were correctly classified clinically and only these cows are considered further. Luteinised cysts occurred in 59 cows whereas only 18 had non-luteinised cysts. The mean plasma concentrations of luteinising hormone (LH), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), progesterone, oestradiol and testosterone were not significantly different when compared with values at relevant stages of the oestrous cycle in normal cows. Success of treatment with progesterone, a synthetic prostaglandin, human gonadotrophin (HCG), or gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) was not dependent upon prior hormone concentrations, except for the prostaglandin which required active luteal tissue. LH and FSH concentrations in cows with luteinised cysts were not significantly different before and after successful treatment with GnRH or progesterone. Normal luteal function was not always established after treatment of non-luteinised cysts with GnRH.

Animals↗