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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

A comparative study of electroporation and iontophoresis for percutaneous penetration of naproxen.

Using side-by-side compartment diffusion cell and rat skin, the in vitro percutaneous penetration of naproxen by electroporation and iontophoresis with different energy was investigated and compared. Both electroporation and iontophoresis could obviously increase the penetration of naproxen through rat skin. The enhancing effect of electroporation was not always better than that of iontophoresis. The enhancing effect was dependent on the energy of the electrical field.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Iontophoresis of vinblastine into normal skin and for treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. The Military Medical Consortium for Applied Retroviral Research.

BACKGROUND: Patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and who have disfiguring and/or painful cutaneous lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) may not be candidates for systemic chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy. Intralesional vinblastine sulfate, as a single-agent chemotherapeutic drug, has been used with some success to treat KS in patients who are HIV-1 positive. However, some patients may not tolerate the pain associated with injection of vinblastine. Transcutaneous iontophoresis of vinblastine was evaluated for therapy of KS in HIV-1-infected patients. Prior to therapy of patients, we iontophoresed vinblastine into the normal skin of volunteers who were not infected with HIV-1 to document the clinical and histologic features that occurred. OBSERVATIONS: Iontophoresis produced a localized erythematous papular eruption in non-HIV-infected volunteers but not in HIV-1-infected patients. Histologic changes in the biopsy specimens taken from non-HIV-infected volunteers consisted primarily of scattered necrotic keratinocytes and a mild to moderate superficial lymphohistiocytic infiltrate. Thirty-one lesions of KS were treated with partial to complete clearing and symptomatic improvement. CONCLUSION: Clinical and histologic features of iontophoresed normal skin suggest an immunologic mechanism of action. Iontophoresis of vinblastine for KS is well tolerated and results in symptomatic improvement as well as varying degrees of clearing of the lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Iontophoresis in Peyronie's disease. Our experience].

UNLABELLED: Peyronie's disease is a type of acquired penile incurvation of unknown origin yet, which generates from the difficulty of symmetric expansion of the corpora cavernosum produced by fibrous plaques in the middle line of the albuginea. OBJECTIVES: To define the results of iontophoresis among the wide spectrum of treatments used for this disease. METHODS: 61 patients treated by iontophoresis with orgotein in weekly sessions. RESULTS: Pain improvement 42.6%, incurvation improvement 6.1%, improvement of both 21.3%. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with Peyronie's disease iontophoresis with orgotein diminishes pain with erections, and, to a lesser extent, penile incurvation.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Effect of topical retinoid therapy on seborrhea using iontophoresis].

Increased sebum production is one of causes of Acne. This is under androgen control. Acne subjects have significantly greater sebum production than subjects without Acne and this relates to Acne's severity. Reduction in sebum production is associated with improvement in Acne and it can realize with anti-androgen therapy and isotretinoin therapy. But these therapies can not keep away from systematically influence. Topical retinoids do not affect sebum production and approximately 80% of tretinoin applied remains on the skin surface. Iontophoresis offer methods for enhancing the percutaneous absorption of drugs and increase of drug concentration in skin. The aim of the study was to establish possibility of improvement retinoin efficacy by iontophoresis. Our results show that application of tretinoin by iontophoresis do not affect on sebum production.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1992

Motoneuron excitability modulation after desensitization of the skin by iontophoresis of lidocaine hydrochloride.

Soleus motoneuron excitability was monitored after skin desensitization by iontophoresis of lidocaine hydrochloride in able-bodied subjects. Motoneuron excitability was measured by plotting H-reflex recovery curves before and after the application of lidocaine hydrochloride or a placebo. Significant H-reflex augmentation between 50 and 1,000 msec resulted after both iontophoretic application of the drug and the placebo (p less than .05). In addition, H-reflex initial recovery decreased by 20 to 30 msec in 75% of the subjects tested (p less than .05). H-reflex recovery curve facilitation lasted 30 minutes and returned to control values 45 minutes post-iontophoresis. H-reflex facilitation was not significantly different between the drug and the placebo treatments. It was concluded from these results that low-voltage, galvanic electric stimulation associated with iontophoresis predominantly caused the increase in motoneuron excitability, although other peripheral facilitatory factors may have been involved. Furthermore, cutaneous desensitization appeared not to have an effect on motoneuron excitability. This conclusion was based on the observation that similar H-reflex amplitude augmentation resulted after administration of a placebo as well as an active drug.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

The effect of histamine iontophoresis on the heart rate and blood pressure of female subjects.

The main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of histamine iontophoresis on the Blood Pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) of female subjects. Twenty apparently healthy female undergraduates of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (average age 24.2 +/- 2.9) participated in the study. An automated electronic sphygmo-manometer that monitors both BP and HR was used to measure the Systolic Blood Pressure(SBP) and diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) over the left brachial artery. The histamine gel used in this study contained 1 percent histamine dihydro-chloride. The gel was applied to the right biceps brachii and active was applied below the cubital fossa. The current intensity Interrupted Direct Current (IDC) was gradually increased and subjects were instructed to indicate immediately they experienced tingling sensation under the electrode. The same procedure was carried out the second time on the subjects with the same intensity of IDC current but without histamine for each subject. The treatments were administered on different days but within a two-week interval. The cardiovascular response was monitored five minutes before the administration, twenty minutes during the administration and five minutes after the termination of each treatment. Blood Pressure and heart rate did not change significantly from the baseline during the histamine iontophoresis and direct currents treatments (P > 0.05). The findings suggest that the subjects' BP and HR were not affected by histamine iontophoresis during the twenty minutes treatment. It was concluded that local administration of 1 percent histamine dihydrochloride into the subcutaneous tissue of females' right upper arm with the aid of direct current did not appreciably affect the blood pressure and heart rate after 20 minutes of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The value of iontophoresis combined with ultrasound in patients with the carpal tunnel syndrome.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was the evaluation of usefulness of iontophoresis with hydrocortisone combined with ultrasounds in conservative treatment of the carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty patients (35 women and 5 men), aged 30-72 years, with unilateral CTS confirmed by electromyographic examination were included. The patients were divided into 3 groups based on clinical symptoms according to Whitley. Subjective complaints and objective symptoms were recorded in all patients. The character of the pain, its frequency and intensity (VAS scale) as well as paresthesies was determined. Physical examination consisted of clinical tests according to Phalen and Tinnel, sensation discriminatory test, pressure test and estimation of muscular atrophy of the thenar. All the patients underwent combined physiotherapeutic procedures: iontophoresis with hydrocortisone acetate (25 mg per procedure; galvanic current up to 5 mA, the active electrode--50 cm2, time--20 min) and ultrasounds with direct coupling (the dose of 0.5-0.8 W/cm2, 1 MHz, PIP 1:4, 48 Hz; the time 3-6 min). The number of procedures was 10--one per day. RESULTS: Decrease of pain and paresthesia were observed in 36 patients (out of 40) with mild and moderate stage of CTS. Objective parameters (Phalen test, Tinnel test, and sensation discriminatory test) significantly improved only in 24 patients with moderate stage of CTS. There was no improvement in 4 patients with advanced form of CTS. CONCLUSIONS: The use of combined procedures of iontophoresis with hydrocortisone and the ultrasound diminishes subjective complaints of patients with the carpal tunnel syndrome. The procedure is most effective in the treatment of mild and moderate stages of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

NaF iontophoresis, an alternative to cavity lining--an in vivo study.

The study carried out on 30 teeth in 28 patients of 12-16 years to assess NaF iontophoresis as an alternative to cavity lining revealed that out of 25 cavities which were sensitive to air, water jet and exploration (14 mild, 9 moderate and 2 severe), in 20 cavities the sensitivity decreased to nil, in 9 to mild and in one to moderate following iontophoresis. It was found that in all the cases, the first application of iontophoresis decreased the sensitivity by 50-60 percent and the second by 70-90 percent. Immediately after silver filling there was no sensitivity in 25 teeth, whereas 4 were mildly and one moderately sensitive. After a six month follow up in 24 patients who reported, all the teeth were comfortable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Iontophoresis--is there a future for clinical application?

Transdermal application of drugs is a field of great importance in medical therapy. The application is painless and may be controlled at any time. Iontophoresis is one method for transdermal application of substances, especially for larger or charged molecules which cannot be administered by a simple transdermal route. The problems arise from the complex equipment and the electrical properties of the skin. A better understanding of skin structure and electric transmission through human skin has led to renewed interest in iontophoresis as an administration mode. Iontophoresis is the method of choice in administration of certain local anesthetics and has had its greatest success in therapy of hyperhidrosis. New applications are to be expected, particularly in administration of peptide and protein drugs.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of fluoride iontophoresis in dentin hypersensitivity of periodontally treated patients].

Independent of chosen stimulus, age or differences in selected groups of teeth, a reduction in pain intensity of about 50% can be attained following initial treatment with fluoride iontophoresis. The second treatment after 4 weeks leads to a nearly complete reduction in dentin-hypersensitivity. Subsequent to a third application of fluoride iontophoresis only minimal hypersensitivity is detectable. Precipitation of calcium-fluoride and blockage of dentinal tubules should be discussed. A decrease in hypersensitivity is likewise observed in the control group. The results of the final clinical examination show that slightly greater sensitivity remains. Electroanalgetic effects are probably responsible for the reduction of dentinal pain. Treatment of hypersensitivity is dependent upon such factors as age and oral hygiene. Supervised therapy for refractive dentinal pain appears to have greater success when fluoride iontophoresis is used.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Iontophoresis of 5-fluorouracil into the conjunctiva and sclera.

It was investigated in the rabbit eye whether the method of iontophoresis could introduce a sufficient amount of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to inhibit fibroblast proliferation into the conjunctiva and sclera, thus considerably reducing the total amount of 5-FU which must be given to the eye. Five-FU was introduced with a simple apparatus which was filled with 5% 5-FU solution and connected to the negative pole of a current source. When the apparatus was placed over the cornea, the 5-FU penetration into the cornea showed a correlation with strength of current (0-0.75 mA). When the apparatus was placed over the bulbar conjunctiva, a sufficient amount of 5-FU to inhibit fibroblast proliferation was introduced into the conjunctiva and sclera with a current of 0.5 mA passed for 30 seconds. Immediately after iontophoresis, mean 5-FU concentrations in the conjunctiva and sclera at the iontophoresis site were 480 and 168 micrograms/g, respectively. They decreased to 0.6 and 1.2 micrograms/g by 10 hr, but were still above the reported ID50 levels for the cultured conjunctival fibroblast. On the other hand, the total amount of 5-FU introduced into the eye averaged only 3.7 micrograms and the current used was much lower than that formerly applied to the patient's cornea.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The development of an improved murine iontophoresis reactivation model for the study of HSV-1 latency.

The present study reviews the development of an effective murine iontophoresis reactivation model for the study of HSV-1 latency. In a series of experiments, Balb C mice latently infected with HSV-1 McKrae strain were iontophoresed with epinephrine X 3 days (EPI X 3/ION) or 6-hydroxydopamine X 1 day followed by topical epinephrine (6-HD ION/EPI). Reactivation and recovery of latent HSV-1 was determined by daily ocular swabs, titration, and neutralization. Additional studies determined the effect of topical ocular steroids on viral recovery rate. The results demonstrated no recovery of McKrae strain in Balb C (0%) with EPI X 3/ION, and no enhancement with topical steroids. 6-HD ION/EPI demonstrated a low recovery rate in mice (8%). However, the recovery rate was significantly increased to 50% by the addition of topical steroids to form the 6-HD ION/EPI/STEROID model, a useful experimental tool. The substitution of a clinical isolate, W strain, for McKrae strain further improved the model. The results demonstrated that, following the acute infection in mice, W strain was associated with a significantly higher (P = .001) survival rate than McKrae strain (81% vs. 52%). There was no statistically significant difference between the two strains, W vs McKrae, in Balb C mice comparing keratitis, establishment of latency (by co-cultivation), spontaneous shedding rate, or induced ocular shedding following iontophoresis. The development of an effective murine iontophoresis model offers an economical method which is uniquely suited for immunological and genetic studies of HSV-1 latency.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1987

Timolol promotes reactivation of latent HSV-1 in the mouse iontophoresis model.

The present study examined the effect of topical timolol, a nonspecific beta 1 and beta 2 blocker on reactivation and ocular shedding of latent HSV-1 in an improved mouse iontophoresis model. Latent trigeminal ganglionic infection was established in Balb/C mice following inoculation by corneal scarification with HSV-1 W strain, a clinical isolate, and confirmed by co-cultivation. On day 30, postinfection (pi), the mice were divided into two groups, and treatment begun with coded eye drops (timolol 0.5% or placebo) BID OU for 5 days. On day 31 pi, iontophoresis with 1% 6-hydroxydopamine was performed, and daily treatment with topical epinephrine and 1% prednisolone was administered. Reactivation and recovery of latent HSV-1 was determined by daily ocular swabs, and characteristic HSV-1 cytopathic effect in Vero cells. Results demonstrated that the timolol-treated group had a significantly greater number of positive eyes, multiple shedding episodes, and total shedding days compared to the control group. We conclude that beta blockade promotes recurrent ocular shedding induced by epinephrine in the mouse iontophoresis latency model.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Combination therapy of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation and iontophoresis with benzydamine and diclofenac].

Combined Therapy of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation and Iontophoresis with Benzydamine and Diclofenac. The combination of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and the iontophoresis of benzydamine and diclofenac in a counter-current field is a new method in the treatment of chronical pain of the head and neck region. Prior to a clinical study this method was tested in a preliminary examination in 15 healthy volunteers. Clinical and physical data were investigated from which a theoretical maximum value of the quantity of iontophorised non-steroidal antiphlogistics (NSAI) could be calculated. The actual achievable absorption is discussed. Based on these data it is concluded that a good effective tissue concentration of benzydamine and diclofenac can be achieved with iontophoresis by means of TENS.

Benzydamine↗
PubMed1988

Recurrent HSV-1 corneal epithelial lesions induced by timolol iontophoresis in latently infected rabbits.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) ocular shedding and recurrent corneal epithelial lesions were assessed following ocular iontophoresis of 0.01% timolol at 0.8 mAmp for 8 min for 3 consecutive days in 17 rabbits latently infected with HSV-1 strain McKrae. The collection of ocular tear film for the detection of HSV-1 ocular shedding and the slit lamp biomicroscopic evaluation for HSV-1 epithelial lesions began on day 4 after the first iontophoresis and continued for 7 consecutive days. The tear film was collected on a Dacron swab with care being taken to avoid swabbing the corneal epithelium. The observed HSV-1 lesions were characterized as deep punctate lesions, dendritic lesions and geographic epithelial defects. The ratio of total days of eyes exhibiting HSV-1 epithelial lesions to the total number of observation days was 113/235 (48%). There were 46 punctate lesions, 27 dendritic lesions and 40 geographic epithelial defects. The ratio of positive swabs to total swabs was 77/235 (33%). Of the 113 positive lesion days, 65 (58%) were associated with a positive swab. Of the 77 positive swabs, 65 (84%) were associated with an epithelial lesion. Of the 122 negative lesion days, 110 (90%) were associated with a negative swab. Of the 158 negative swabs, 110 (70%) were associated with no epithelial lesions. By chi-square analysis, there was a significant association between HSV-1 swabs and HSV-1 lesions (P less than 0.001). These results demonstrate that ocular iontophoresis of timolol induces both HSV-1 ocular shedding and recurrent HSV-1 corneal epithelial lesions in rabbits latently infected with HSV-1 strain McKraw.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Significance of iontophoresis in dermatology. With special reference to the management of lymphedemas].

The development of modern medicine has very often pushed older methods of treatment to the background. It will be tried to represent the importance of iontophoresis as a special form of electrotherapy for dermatology according to studies of literature and own observations. Iontophoresis is for most of the 40 to 50 dermatologic indications named in literature without any importance for the present. This is also to be said for their diagnostic and experimental application. Because of the synergistic effect of the galvanic current and the medicament sluiced in, iontophoresis is said to be recommended following literature, for the treatment of the rest of therapeutically only with difficulty to be influenced idiopathic hyperhidrosis manuum et pedum, constitutional hypertrichosis, the lymphedema and also the induratio penis plastica and of thrombophlebitis. It will be reported about own experiences in the treatment of lymphedema.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1988

[Results of tinnitus therapy using lidocaine iontophoresis].

54 patients with severe tinnitus were treated by lidocaine iontophoresis. 25 patients suffered from a bilateral tinnitus. A total of 75 ears were treated. The ratio of male to female patients was 3:1. The average age was 45 years. All patients had got over at least one ineffective treatment. Prior to iontophoresis a complete audiologic, neuro-otologic and x-ray examination of the temporal bones was performed. In all patients the frequency and intensity of tinnitus were determined before and immediately after a treatment. In 44 patients there was no difference in their tinnitus after the treatment. In one patient the tinnitus has become lower by the iontophoresis. The value of this method in tinnitus therapy is discussed.

Adolescent↗