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Results for “International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health”

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PubMedDate not supplied

[Biology and needs of the aged].

The elderly age group is growing rapidly as a proportion of the total population of Italy. By the year 2020 the population aged 65 and over is expected to increase from 17% to 23%. The biological process of aging leads to a loss of functional reserves, and so elderly people are frail and affected by multiple diseases. However, health in the elderly is synonymous with self-sufficiency, which may be preserved even in the presence of a disabling disease. According to the new WHO International Classification of Functioning and Disability (ICIDH-2) the important elements in defining health status include personal activity and social participation, as well as body functions. As people age in different ways, the response to the needs of the elderly must be flexible and multidimensional. One of the priority objectives of modern medicine is to push disability to the end of life as much as possible.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Spanish version of the new World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHO-DAS-II): initial phase of development and pilot study. Cantabria disability work group].

The aim of the present paper is to present the initial phases of the development of the Spanish version of the "World Health Organization Disablement Assessment Schedule II" WHO-DAS-II and also to describe the quantitative and qualitative methodological strategies used in the elaboration process of an instrument: i) compatible with the new International Classification of Functioning and Disability -ICIDH-2- of the World Health Organisation; ii) with criteria of cross-cultural applicability and; iii) to allow us to assess the disability in all its dimensions.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMed2006

[Low back pain in 2006: back to the root].

Low back pain is a major burden for health care. According to the International Classification of Function, it is a disability of complex origin. Risk factors for chronification are of psychosocial and not physical nature. Primary targets of treatment should be physical fitness and the self-management of problem by the patient. Awareness of the psychosocial factors (yellow, blue and black flags) which can disturb occupational reintegration should be developed. Rehabilitation is based on measures to modify patient's beliefs and fitness. The prescribed treatment should aim to relieve pain, correct disability, prevent relapses, inform and educate the patient. Every low back pain sufferer which does not improve in 1 month should be sent to a team skilled in handling this kind of problem.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

Functional disability and school activity limitations in 41,300 school-age children: relationship to medical impairments.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to examine the contribution of medical impairments to functional disability and school activity limitations in 41,300 school-age children participating in the 1994-1995 National Health Interview Survey. METHODS: The 1994 and 1995 National Health Interview Survey and Disability Interview Supplement samples provide International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision medical impairment codes for children with functional limitations or school activity limitations in a nationally representative US sample. Functional limitations were distributed as follows: mobility 12.4/1000 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.1-13.6), self-care 8.8/1000 (95% CI: 7.7-9.8), communication 52.9/1000 (95% CI: 50.2-55.5), and learning 104.6/1000 (95% CI: 100.7-108.4). Functional disability status was classified as 4.1% mild, 5.9% major, and 1.9% multiple. School activity limitations included 4.1% needing or receiving special education, 0.7% unable to attend, and 0.9% limited attendance. We categorized International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision impairment codes reported in conjunction with medical usage as physical disorders (n = 1251; eg, leukemia, diabetes), asthma (n = 916), neurodevelopmental disorders (n = 802; eg, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, mental retardation, autism, blindness, deafness), and learning-behavior disorders (n = 806; eg, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, learning disability, anxiety) for children with functional or school activity limitations. Of children with multiple functional disabilities, 29.9% had neurodevelopmental disorders, 27.1% had learning-behavior disorders, 18.1% had physical disorders, 4.2% had asthma, and 20.8% did not have an identified medical impairment because they had not received medical services in the past year. Among children requiring special education, physical disorders accounted for 9.4%, neurodevelopmental disorders for 16.7%, learning and behavior disorders for 17%, asthma for 3.4%, and 53.4% did not have an identified medical impairment because they had not received medical services in the past year. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic health impairments, neurodevelopmental disorders, learning-behavior disorders, and functional limitations in essential activities are required to understand the complexity of disability in school-age children. A large number of children with functional disability or school activity limitations have not received ongoing medical services.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A theoretical model for preventing osteoarthritis-related disability.

Osteoarthritis (OA) affects many aspects of life for affected individuals. Effective interventions to prevent and restore function must be based upon an understanding of what contributes to OA and its associated disabilities. A hypothetical OA disability model built upon the previous work of Nagi (1991), Verbrugge and Jette (1994), the International Classification of Functioning of World Health Organization (World Health Organization, 2001), and other scientific findings is proposed. The model includes a main disease pathway, which describes the sequence of events from OA-associated impairments to disabilities. Contextual factors influencing the process include individual characteristics, psychological state, coping style, comorbidities, social support, and physical environment. The model provides a useful conceptual framework for understanding the OA disability process from a biopsychosocial perspective and for guiding rehabilitation nursing interventions in OA care.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2004

The assessment of patients with long-term psychotic disorders: application of the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule II.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the use of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHODAS II), a patient questionnaire measuring disability, in patients treated for long-term psychotic disorders. METHOD: The study was conducted at St. Vincent's Mental Health Service, Melbourne, Australia. Twenty patients with long-term psychotic disorders under the care of either the residential Community Care Unit or the outpatient Mobile Support and Treatment Service were selected. For all 20 patients a clinician assessment of disability and functional status was recorded using the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps-2 (ICIDH-2), Life Skills Profile (LSP) and Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS). The WHODAS II survey was then administered to each patient. The WHODAS II was re-administered by a second rater within 5 days of the initial assessment for the purpose of test-retest reliability analysis. Each patient also completed the WHO Quality of Life instrument (brief version) (WHQOL-BREF), a self-report questionnaire on quality of life. RESULTS: The WHODAS II was experienced as relatively complex and at times difficult to administer with full co-operation in this clinical context. Overall, test-retest reliability was fair. The information it yielded gave valuable insights into patients' experiences. Most of the participants reported fewer impairments in mental functions and fewer activity limitations than reported by clinicians. However, patients reported significant restrictions in participation in social activities and limitations due to environmental barriers. The WHOQOL-BREF highlighted difficulties experienced by patients in their participation in society, through exploring difficulties and satisfaction with various aspects of life experience and this instrument was well accepted. CONCLUSIONS: The self-reported experience of patients is needed alongside clinician-rated measures to assess outcomes in people with long-term psychotic disorders. The WHODAS II records and measures patients' own experiences of disability. It may be used together with the WHOQOL-BREF, a distinct and complementary self-report assessment of quality of life.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Using ICIDH-2 in the classification of nursing diagnoses: results from two pilot studies.

BACKGROUND: Using ICIDH-2 in the classification of nursing diagnoses: results from two pilot studies Background. As an International Classification of Functioning and Disability, the ICIDH-2 is potentially relevant to the work of all health care professionals. Nurses, however, had little involvement in the development of this classification and have no tradition of using it. AIM: Two pilot studies were designed to explore the fit between ICIDH-2 and the nursing domain. METHODS: In the first study, experts (n=2) and nurses (n=9) were asked to identify and classify patient problems that they observed on a video taped case. In the second study, problem statements from nursing diagnoses (n=199) that had been retrieved from patient files were classified using ICIDH-2. Each problem statement was classified by a panel of three individuals. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Results from the two studies suggest that the ICIDH-2 is certainly relevant to the nursing discipline and allows a large majority of nursing diagnoses to be classified. It is recommended that nurses take an active role in the ongoing development of the ICIDH in order to further improve its usefulness to the nursing profession. LIMITATIONS: The studies were small-scale pilots performed in a single medical centre. Preliminary insight resulted from these pilots, but more research is needed.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1998

Functional outcome assessment of adults with dementia.

The demands from health care funding sources for treatment outcome data that will document the benefits of treatment relative to its cost have resulted in the widespread adoption of the World Health Organization International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps as a useful model for gathering and providing such data. This article examines the literature on functional assessment and the outcomes of interventions for patients with dementia, then discusses current assessment instruments and procedures, the outcome data now available, and the research needs and challenges facing speech-language pathology in documenting the impairments, disabilities, and handicaps of patients with dementia.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

The context, measures and outcomes of psychosocial care interventions in long-term health care for older people.

This paper examines the psychosocial dimensions of long-term care with reference to the new International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Handicap (ICIDH 2) and to research conducted in Hong Kong. It also draws on selected international literature about older people. It discusses the different ways in which information can be gained about the personal, social and emotional processes of rehabilitation that influence outcomes and raises methodological questions about the study of interventions. Outcomes that are sensitive to psychosocial interventions and that take account of the elderly person's own perspective are identified as important challenges for nurses and other professionals in the multidisciplinary team, in order to respond to an individualized approach to long-term care. It is concluded that gaining a better understanding of the psychosocial dimensions of long-term care will enhance professional practice and benefit older people and their carers.

Activities of Daily Living↗