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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Psychological profile of patients with ischemic heart disease and its association with various exogenous risk factors].

Males with coronary heart disease (CHD) aged 35 to 60 years were studied. The patients were divided into three groups: 32 patients with angina of effort and at rest (test group I), 39 survivors of myocardial infarction (test group II) and 50 clinically healthy people (control group). The relationship was established between a certain behavioural complex of CHD patients and some exogenic risk factors. The study was aimed at elucidating the premorbid characteristics of the personality of CHD patients. Individuals with the variable type of orientation were predominant in both test groups. The data from Eisenk's questionnaire revealed the predominance of extraverts in group I and introverts in group II. It is suggested that the variable character may prove to be the premorbid, basic property of the personality determining the specific mechanism of psychologic adaptation and the entire complex of behavioural characteristics of CHD patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Psychometric aspects of estrogen therapy in the climacteric. Quantification of the psychotropic effect of hormones in 122 women (author's transl)].

The psychosocial aspects of estrogen substitution for deficiency symptoms in the climacteric were investigated in 122 women. In addition, psychometric tests were used before, after 6 weeks, after 3 months and after 6 months therapy. Results based on psychometric tests should be taken into consideration to a greater extent than formerly in discussing the cancer risks of estrogen administration in the climacteric.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The individual typological characteristics of operator activity during long-term monotonous work on the computer].

Individual neurophysiological and psychophysiological characteristics were analyzed in two groups of subjects with different extraversion and genetically determined levels of cortical activity during learning the novel for them monotonous computer operation. Most of the subjects improved their performance to the end of four-hour work. The degree of visual fatigue correlated with changes in P70 component of the evoked potentials. The intergroup difference was revealed in overcoming the visual discomfort during attention concentration. The visual cortex was facilitated in the introverts with high-voltage cortical activity (1st group) and disfacilitated in the extraverts with the low-voltage cortical activity (2nd group). Increase of the simple motor reaction time in the extraverts is considered as a result of temporary impairment of the visual function during the monotonous operator's work, and the worsening of the emotional condition as a consequence of the visual discomfort. The problems are discussed concerning different adaptation mechanisms in realization of the activity under study depending on the genetically determined features of the CNS.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1977

[Relationship between Eysencks personality types and intellectual performance].

This study tests Eysenck's psychophysiological hypotheses concerning the relationship between intellectual performance and personality type. The data originated from two partial samples with N = 314. The personality types were distinguished with the ENNR-Questionnaire. The intellectual performance was tested using items which are based on Jäger's factor analytic studies. 23 differentially complex items stemed from the main intelligence factors, and separate measures for speed and quality were used to test the hypotheses. The results of all analyses of variancy falsify Eysenck's hypotheses. The "neurotic introverts" showed the worst results in both quality and speed by most of the items, independent of complexity and intelligence factor (chi-square-test of positional frequency). The "stable" and "neurotic extraverts" showed the best results.

Achievement↗
PubMed1998

Psychophysiological parameters and children's behavior during dental treatment.

Uncooperative children represent one of the leading problems in clinical pedodontics. The hypothesis of this study was that extraverted children reveal greater pain tolerance, lower stress levels and anxiety in general in comparison to introverted ones. A total of 130 children aged 11 to 15 years were studied, 55 boys and 75 girls. In the research, psychological tests were performed along with the measurements of some physiological parameters and children's own assessment of pain intensity. The results revealed the connection between extraverted personality and children's behavior at the dentist's clinic. Pain tolerance, levels of anxiety and general pattern of behavior were significantly dependent on psychological control mechanisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inhibitory ease--a personality type?

Measures of reactive, transmarginal and internal inhibition, inhibitory strength, extraversion (E) and neuroticism (N) were obtained from a sample of 25 Ss. A Principal Components analysis of the data disclosed factors which were identified tentatively as extinctive/reactive inhibition, transmarginal inhibition, and appetitive and aversive inhibitory strength. N loaded the transmarginal inhibition factor, and I(Introversion) the appetitive inhibitory strength factor. It is suggested that the role of E in appetitive CR extinction may be a function of the extent to which inhibitory strength is involved in inhibitory dynamism.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Self-destructive consequences of sex-role socialization.

Suicide proneness and self-destruction scales, together with measures of self-favorability and self-confidence, were administered to two samples (n = 106 and n = 213). The affective responses of the second sample (134 women and 79 men) were measured by asking respondents to circle adjectives classified for activity-passivity, positive-negativeness, and extroversion-introversion that expressed their feelings toward eight situations. Women scored lower than men on suicide proneness, higher on self-destruction, and lower on self-favorability and self-confidence. Women reacted more passively to the situations than men and more negatively to the public challenge situation. Women tend to extrovert (turn outward on others) their positive feelings in pleasant situations and to introvert (turn blame on themselves) their negative reactions to unpleasant situations. Men do the reverse. It is suggested that women are self-destructive in passive ways, reflecting their lack of self-favorability and confidence and manifested by failure to react to everyday situations in ego-building ways.

Attitude↗
PubMed1989

Spouse similarity for IQ and personality and convergence.

A similar pattern of spousal association for IQ scores and personality traits was found in two British samples from Oxford and Cambridge. There was no indirect evidence from either sample to suggest that convergence occurred during marriage. All observed assortative mating might well be due to initial assortment.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Personality characteristics as predictors and sequelae of surgical and conventional orthodontics.

The aims of this study were to determine the effects of surgical and conventional orthodontics on patients' body image and self-esteem and the association between personality characteristics and postoperative reports of pain, paresthesia, swelling, and satisfaction among 90 patients who underwent surgical orthodontics. Patients who underwent surgery completed questionnaires before their operations and up to 6 months after surgery. Self-esteem and body image were compared longitudinally between these patients and 33 persons who were undergoing orthodontic treatment only and 33 persons who had decided against treatment. Results suggest that patients' self-esteem, body image, and degree of extroversion are unrelated to postsurgical satisfaction and discomfort. Neuroticism was correlated with satisfaction, so that patients who scored in the higher range on a scale of neuroticism were less satisfied immediately after surgery and at removal of fixation wires. Neurotic patients also were more likely to complain of pain and swelling 6 months after surgery. Surgical patients held a more negative facial image and were more introverted than those in the other two groups but were similar in other personality traits before surgery. Both surgical and orthodontic patients improved significantly in body image over time, with the greatest increase among the former. Similar shifts in self-esteem occurred for the three groups, suggesting that surgery per se may not be the major determinant of longitudinal changes in self-esteem. Notably, the positive effect of surgery and orthodontic treatment on body image is an important motive for many persons seeking treatment. Results of this study provide important insights into how to prepare and counsel patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with and without surgery.

Body Image↗