SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Inulin”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources

PubMed2003

A novel enzyme of Bacillus sp. 217C-11 that produces inulin from sucrose.

We found a bacterium that converts sucrose to a useful material, using about 6,000 samples of bacteria isolated from soil. This bacterium, Bacillus sp. 217C-11, was identified according to Bergey's manual, and produced a highly efficient enzyme that converted sucrose into inulin. So, the enzyme was purified to homogeneity through five chromatographic steps, to identify its enzymatic properties. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 45,000, and this enzyme was a monomer protein (by SDS-PAGE). The optimum pH and temperature of this enzyme were 7-8 and 45-50 degrees C, respectively. The enzyme reacted only with sucrose, but did not with other disaccharides, fructooligosaccharides and inulin. This paper will show that our enzyme is a novel one, which is different from the other well-known enzymes concerned in inulin production.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1994

Inulin measurement in serum and urine with an autoanalyser, corrected for glucose interference.

A method is described for the semi-automated measurement of inulin concentrations in serum and urine in the presence of glucose. The concentration of glucose is measured simultaneously and is used to correct for almost all "inulin-like" interferences. The inulin standard curve is linear over a wide range (5-2500 mg/l). Between-run precision is < 6% and recovery from spiked sera is 98%. This method offers the possibility of measuring glomerular filtration rate in patients with varying glucose concentrations (e.g. diabetics).

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Reliability of a 99mTc-DTPA gamma camera technique for determination of single kidney glomerular filtration rate. A comparison to plasma clearance of 51Cr-EDTA in one-kidney patients, using the renal clearance of inulin as a reference.

In a recent paper we described a method for calculation of single kidney glomerular filtration rate (SKGFR) from the 99mTc-DTPA renogram obtained by gamma camera. Determination of the injected dose and collection of urine or blood was not needed. In this paper the reliability of the method was compared to other methods for estimation of GFR in 20 unilaterally nephrectomized patients. The renal clearance of inulin served as reference measure of GFR. The values for SKGFR obtained from the renograms and from the estimated endogenous creatinine clearances according to serum creatinine concentration and a nomogram were both accurate. The reliability of the renography method was significantly better judged by less variance in the estimates. SKGFR calculated from the plasma clearance of 51Cr-EDTA overestimated the renal clearance of inulin on an average by 11.3%. No difference was found in the variance of the values obtained from the renograms and from the plasma clearances of 51Cr-EDTA compared to the renal clearance of inulin. Apart from the inaccuracy in the GFR values calculated from the plasma clearance of 51Cr-EDTA, the reliability of these two methods was equal. The day to day variation of SKGFR estimated from the renograms in 24 patients (48 kidneys) with SKGFR values from 5 to 76 ml/min was 8.8%. This equals the day to day variation in the plasma clearance of 51Cr-EDTA.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of inulin on the biological properties of enterobacteria].

The influence of inulin on some biological properties of Enterobacteriaceae, both pathogenic (Salmonella) and opportunistic (Klebsiella, Escherichia coli) was experimentally determined in vitro. The study revealed that inulin stimulated the production of colicin and suppressed the hemolytic activity in E. coli. The effect produced by inulin on the antilysozyme activity (ALA) of Enterobacteriaceae was different: in S. typhimurium ALA was decreased and in most K. pneumoniae strains the expression of this sign was enhanced.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Possible adjuvant cancer therapy by two prebiotics--inulin or oligofructose.

Dietary treatment with inulin or oligofructose incorporated in the basal diet for experimental animals: (I) reduced the incidence of mammary tumors induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by methylnitrosourea; (II) inhibited the growth of transplantable malignant tumors in mice; (III) decreased the incidence of lung metastases of a malignant tumor implanted intramuscularily in mice. (IV) Moroever, besides such cancer risk reduction effects, dietary treatment with inulin or oligofructose significantly potentiated the effects of subtherapeutic doses of six cytotoxic drugs commonly utilized in human cancer treatment. (V) The same prebiotics potentiated the effects of radiotherapy on solid form of TLT tumors to a statistically very high level. Such dietary treatment, with the inulin or oligofructose potentiating the effects of cancer therapy, might be introduced into classic protocols of human cancer treatment as a new, non-toxic and easily applicable adjuvant cancer therapy without any additional risk to patients.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed2005

[Optimization of isolation of inulin from Cichorium intybus L. and some of its uses in social practice].

The study is concerned with the technological processing of chicory Cichorium intybus in order to isolate the fructan polysaccharide inulin (C6H10O5) and the optimization of the individual production steps of extraction (the method of purification of the raw material prior to the extraction itself and purification of the final product. temperature of the extraction mixture, exposure period of the extraction agent, effect of pH, optimization of the module for the determination of the most suitable volume of the extraction agent, determination of the most suitable ratio of the volume of ethanol in the extraction of inulin from the reaction medium). The obtained experimental results are compared and evaluated with regard to quality (whiteness) and the yield of the obtained final product. The paper is also concerned with several possible uses of inulin in pharmaceutical, medical, cosmetological, food industrial, and fodder production fields.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗

PubMed2005

[The influence of dietary inulin and oligofructose on the cell-mediated and humoral immunity in rats].

This paper reviews evidence for the immune-enhancing effects of prebiotics. The influence of inulin and oligofructose on the immune functions and the structure of immune peripheral organs in male Wistar rats was investigated after 4 months feeding. Rats fed isocaloric purified diets contained 10% inulin or oligofructose. The rats of control group had no feeding any prebiotics. The enlargement of a number of T-cells and increasing of major histocompatibility complex (MHC-II) molecule on the surface of an antigen-presenting cells of spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, thymus was noted. The increasing of content interleukin-2 and interleukin-4 in blood was noted in rats fed inulin and oligofructose. The increased activity of peritoneal macrophages was confirmed by enhance superoxid anion production and phagocytosis. The dietary prebiotics do not influence on the apoptosis of immunocytes. The immune-enhancing effects of prebiotics was confirmed by morphological investigation of peripheral lymphoid organs.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

[The investigation of influent of antiatherosclerotic diets with inulin on clinical and metabolic parameters in patients with cardiovascular diseases].

The investigation of influent of antiatherosclerotic diets with inulin on clinical and metabolic parameters in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Results of the study show that enrichment of a diets with inulin in patients with ishemic heart disease and hypertension improved clinic status, antropometric levels, lipid spectrum of blood and immune status. The research has shown, that the use in the treat-preventive purposes inulin is rather perspective.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

An improved method to determine renal function using inulin and p-aminohippurate (PAH) steady-state kinetic modeling.

Steady-state clearances using inulin and PAH are the most reliable reference procedures if new test substances or techniques are developed to estimate the GFR or the of these methods we developed an open monocompartment model with an expanding distribution volume of the substance of interest. In this model we derived prescriptions for the concentration of inulin and PAH in the infusion procedure. The resulting improvement was verified by the F-test on the variance of plasma concentration in a 3-hour examination of 15 patients. The final results are of direct benefit to the patient because the number of blood samples required for the control of the steady-state plasma level can be reduced. Furthermore, we derived an individual correction of the so-called input steady-state clearance (without urine collection) which relates better to the usual output clearance of inulin or PAH. A PC-BASIC program is available that calculates the proper concentrations for the infusion and executes the complete analysis (GFR, ERPF, filtrate fraction [FF], maximal tubular transport of PAH [TmPAH] and the renal vascular resistance [RVR], each of which is related to the BSA and the age of the patient).

Aminohippuric Acids↗

PubMed1986

Distribution in cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and lymph of epidurally injected morphine and inulin in dogs.

We describe procedures for catheterizing the epidural space, the azygos vein, and the thoracic lymph duct of dogs without using fluoroscopy. The success rates of the procedures were 100, 80, and 50%, respectively (n = 10). To assess the validity of the model, 3H-morphine and unlabeled morphine (2 mg) were injected epidurally in ten dogs. Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), azygos venous blood, arterial blood, and lymph were sampled before and 5, 20, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 min after injection. During the first 20 min, morphine levels in the azygos vein were about three and ten times greater than arterial and lymphatic levels, respectively (n = 3; P less than 0.01). Morphine levels were significantly greater in the azygos vein (n = 8) and the femoral artery (n = 10) during the first 20 and 60 min than they were later, respectively (P less than 0.05). In the lymph (n = 5), the levels of morphine at 60 min were statistically greater (P less than 0.05) than levels at 4, 5, and 6 hr. At no time were the concurrent arterial and lymph levels different from each other. In the lumbar CSF, the morphine peak concentration was reached 5-60 min after epidural injection and ranged between 5 and 93 micrograms/ml. In the CSF, the levels of morphine were significantly greater during the first 20 min than later (n = 7; P less than 0.05). The washout of the lumbar CSF curve for morphine appeared to be fitted by a two-compartment open model. The t1/2-alpha and t1/2-beta values were 14.7 +/- 7.2 min and 106 +/- 45 min, respectively (mean +/- SD). Cumulative percentages of the epidural dose of morphine passed into the azygos system within the first 5, 20, 60, and 120 min after injection were calculated to be 4.0 +/- 2.1, 23.5 +/- 14.6, 49.2 +/- 34.2, and 55.9 +/- 35.3, respectively (mean +/- SD; n = 8). Both 14C-inulin and 3H-morphine were injected epidurally in one dog and intrathecally in another dog. In the CSF, morphine appears to be cleared at a rate similar to that of inulin. The fraction of morphine and inulin crossing the dura after epidural injection was calculated to be 0.31% and 0.59%, respectively.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Transcapillary transport of solutes in the myocardium: effects of nitroglycerin, isoproterenol and histamine on permeability-surface area products of inulin and sucrose.

Three vasoactive drugs (nitroglycerin, isoproterenol and histamine) were examined for their effects on microsolute transport across capillary walls in the myocardium. Coronary arteries of the isolated rabbit heart were perfused at constant pressure with Tris-buffered Ringer's solution (pH = 7.4, 37 degrees C) with and without drug present in the perfusion fluid. A mixture of [3H]inulin and [14C]sucrose was injected into the left ventricular wall. From measured clearance rates, capillary permeability-surface area products (PS) (in milliliters per minute per 100 g) were computed for both solutes by the method of Gosselin and Stibitz (Pflügers Arch. 318: 85-98, 1970). Mean control PS values were 60.7 and 14.1 for sucrose and inulin, respectively. This computation required experimental determination of the myocardial volume of distribution (in milliliters per gram) for each reference solute. Values of myocardial volume of distribution obtained in the presence of nitroglycerin, isoproterenol and histamine did not differ significantly from controls. In paired clearance trials, isoproterenol and nitroglycerin significantly increased coronary flow, but neither drug influenced PS-inulin, PS-sucrose or the ratio PS inulin/PS sucrose. In contrast, histamine caused an apparently irreversible decrease in flow. Furthermore, in the presence of histamine, PS inulin/PS sucrose increased from 0.28 +/- 0.03 to 0.40 +/- 0.05 (P less than 0.003). This rise is consonant with a widening of diffusion channels between neighboring endothelial cells in the capillary wall. Thus, histamine (and presumably substances capable of histamine release) appears to increase myocardial permeability to microsolutes, in addition to its well known ability to enhance protein transport across postcapillary venules.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Electrophoretic and serological analysis of mouse and rabbit antisera to zymosan or inulin treated with foetal lamb serum.

Most mouse antisera raised to zymosan treated with FLS containing Ca2+ and Mg2+ precipitated C3 and two other proteins from electrophoresed sheep serum. Rabbit antisera to zymosan-FLS precipitated C3 and three sheep serum proteins. All these antisera agglutinated sheep E-rabbit A complexes sensitized with sheep C at room temperature. Mouse antisera to zymosan treated with FLS containing Mg2+-EGTA and mouse antisera to inulin treated with FLS containing Ca2+ and Mg2+ or Mg2+-EGTA, precipitated only C3 from electrophoresed sheep serum, but did not agglutinate sheep E-rabbit A-sheep C. These results, together with antiglobulin studies indicate that zymosan, probably through a reaction with natural antibody in the FLS can activate sheep C by a mechanism that involves a Ca2+ and Mg2+-dependent pathway. In the presence of Mg2+-EGTA, zymosan and inulin activate sheep C via a Mg2+-dependent pathway. The results also show that antisera that will precipitate sheep C3 from electrophoresed sheep serum can be raised by immunizing mice and rabbits with inulin that has been treated with FLS or zymosan treated with FLS containing Mg2+-EGTA.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

[Effect of rumen ciliates on the digestive utilization of various carbohydrate-rich diets and on the end-products formed in the rumen. II. Utilization of inulin, saccharose and lactose].

Three diets rich in inulin, saccharose and lactose, respectively, were given to 10 rumen-fistulated sheep. Two animals were defaunated, two were inoculated with either Polyplastron multivesibulatum or Entodinium sp., and two others were inoculated with both. The latter two were bred in conventional conditions. All animals ingested the same amounts of carbohydrates in the three diets (21-22 g/kg P0.75/day). Dietary nitrogen content was similar (table 1). The ciliate population was improved with the inulin diet (fig. 1; table 2). With a mixed population, the Entodinium improved with the inulin diet (fig 1; table 2). With a mixed population, the Entodinium sp. genus was always predominant. Holotrich protozoa (mainly Isotricha) in the rumen of the conventional sheep represented 15 to 30% of the total ciliate biomass, indicating that they were able to metabolize these soluble sugars. We also observed that P. multivesiculatum can ferment cellulose and all the soluble carbohydrates proposed in these diets. However, Entodinium sp. development occurred mainly in the presence of the sugard produced during carbohydrate hydrolysis by other ciliates or bacteria. The highest organic matter digestibility, noted in faunated animals (table 3) was confirmed by the VFA concentration in the rumen (table 4). This could be explained either by an activation of bacterial metabolism due to predation or by the direct effect of ciliates on fermentations, or both. Modifications in the VFA composition varied with ciliate inoculation, showing that ciliate metabolism may vary with the nature of the energy in the diet or that the observed results depended on various opposite effects in which the intensity of each component was influenced by the diet. In general, the acetic acid molar proportion increased and propionic acid decreased when there was a considerable Entodinium sp. population. The effect on butyric acid was low with these diets. Higher ammonia and lactic acid concentrations were observed in the rumen of faunated than defaunated sheep, irrespective of the ciliate inoculum.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Urea distribution kinetics analyzed by simultaneous injection of urea and inulin: demonstration that transcapillary exchange is rate limiting.

The kinetics of urea and inulin were studied after simultaneous i.v. injection in six anesthetized dogs. The distribution of both compounds was characterized by a three-compartment model. The initial volume of urea distribution averaged 2.21 +/- 0.39 liters (+/- S.D.) and was similar to the expected volume of intravascular space. Although the 0.66 +/- 0.05 liters/kg of total volume of urea distribution corresponds to total body water, transcapillary exchange between intravascular space and rapid and slow equilibrating interstitial fluid spaces is the rate-limiting step in urea distribution and accounts for the three-compartmental structure of the system used to model the distribution kinetics of both urea and inulin. The free-water diffusion coefficient ratio of urea and inulin and the intercompartment clearances calculated after the simultaneous injection of these compounds were used to estimate blood flows to the fast and slow equilibrating interstitial fluid compartments. The sum of these flows averaged 97% of measured cardiac output (range, 83-113%) and was not significantly different from cardiac output. These studies suggest that the rate of urea removal during dialysis may be affected by hemodynamic factors, as we have shown previously for drugs.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Evaluation and characteristics of currently available inulin.

Inulin was not available for clinical testing in the United States between February 1973 and July 1975 because the raw material received in the United States differed from previously manufactured lots in molecular weight, glucose content, optical rotation, melting point, and water solubility. The comparability of the "new" and "old" inulin preparations was assessed in 12 adult male spinal cord injury patients, seven with normal renal function and five with compromised function. The "new" inulin proved to be as accurate and safe an agent for the determination of glomerular filtration rate as the previously available material in both groups of patients, and was made available for general clinical use in the United States in July 1975.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

Heterogeneity of interstitial fluid space demonstrated by simultaneous kinetic analysis of the distribution and elimination of inulin and gallamine.

The kinetics of inulin and gallamine were studied after simultaneous i.v. injection in anesthetized dogs. The distribution of both compounds in extracellular fluid space was characterized by a three-compartment model in which the mean central compartment blood volume of 1.37 liters was identical with the expected value. The two peripheral compartments of the model appear to represent rapid and slow equilibrating interstitial fluid compartments. A mammillary model structure was selected in which intercompartmental clearance corresponds to transcapillary exchange. Previous studies indicate that inulin and smaller hydrophyllic molecules diffuse across capillary walls at rates proportional to their respective free water diffusion coefficients. For the ratio of the transcapillary permeability coefficients of inulin and gallamine to equal their free water diffusion coefficient ratio of 5.34 +/- 0.02 (+/- S.D)., it appears that the sum of blood flow to the fast and slow interstitial fluid compartments is less than cardiac output. When this assumption is made, blood flow to fast equilibrating interstitial fluid is estimated to be 39% of cardiac output, in agreement with previous measurements of splanchnic blood flow. This supports the hypothesis that the fast equilibrating interstitial fluid space is supplied by porous splanchnic capillaries that lack a continuous investment of basement membrane.

Animals↗

PubMed1981

The blood epididymal barrier to [3H]-inulin in intact and vasectomized hamsters.

The net transport of [3H]-inulin into the fluids of the hamster seminiferous and caput, corpus, and cauda epididymal tubules was examined in both intact animals and those vasectomized 10 months previously. Mean isotope concentrations in reproductive tract tubule fluids did not exceeded 10 per cent of blood plasma isotope concentrations during the experiment. There were no significant differences in net transport of [3H]-inulin into any of the tubule fluids sampled. Ten months after vasectomy, the seminiferous tubule, and all regions of the epididymal tubule retain the capacity to exclude [3H]-insulin. Thus in the hamster 10 months after vasectomy, the blood testis and blood epididymal barriers to inulin are intact.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

[Is the inulin (and PAH) clearance test obsolete in renal functional diagnosis?].

1. It could be confirmed that the endogenic creatinine clearance overestimates the GFR. This overestimation increases with the restriction of the glomerular filtration. 2. By the biphasic pump-regulated permanent infusion of inulin and PAH a constant equilibrium was reached and the clearance was calculated according to the classical formula (output method) as well as from the addition of the test substance (input method) and compared. 3. The comparison of the two clearance techniques results in significantly higher value for inulin as well as for PAH in the input technique. 4. By clearance equations the relation of input and output clearance can be made. The correlation coefficient for the different investigation techniques for the estimation of the inulin clearance was 0.83, for the PAH-clearance 0.88.

Aminohippuric Acids↗