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PubMed2003

Working conditions and health of the employees of public bus and trolleybus transport in Lithuania.

A questionnaire was used for investigation of 788 workers from three transport enterprises. The questionnaire was used for evaluation of occupational environment, lifestyle, psychosocial factors and self-evaluation of health. The most harmful occupational factors are unsatisfactory microclimatic conditions, diesel fuel, cooling oil, vibration, musculoskeletal load, and mental tension. Worker's lifestyle isn't healthy: 46% of them are smoking, 83% are drinking alcohol, 53% are physically inactive, 82% have bad nutrition regimen, 27% are everyday suffering from stressful situations. Main health impairments are musculoskeletal (46.2%), respiratory tract (22.2%), gastrointestinal (17.3%) and central nervous system (32.2%) diseases. Musculoskeletal disorders are statistically related to bad ergonomic work conditions, long workday hours, aged employees and long work experience of workers (p<0.05-0.002).

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Health inequalities in Lithuania: education and nutrition habits.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the associations between food behavior and educational level among Lithuanian adult population. Five health behavior surveys were carried out within the international Finbalt Health Monitor project in 1994-2002. For every survey the national random sample of 3000 inhabitants aged 20-64 was taken from the National Population Register. The study material was collected through mailed questionnaires covering sociodemographic characteristics and some nutrition habits. The respondents were categorized according to the level of education into three groups: persons having incomplete secondary, secondary and university education. Multiple regression analysis was used for evaluation of associations between level of education and nutrition habits. The persons with university education have a healthier diet than those with incomplete secondary education. The consumption of fish, vegetables and fruit, use of vegetable oil for cooking, was substantially higher in those with university education as compared to persons with incomplete secondary education. The proportion of persons drinking whole milk was the highest among the low educated men and women. The high-educated women consumed meat less often than those with incomplete secondary education did. However, persons with university education preferred butter on bread. The high-educated men consumed cheese daily more often than those with low education. The positive trends in nutrition habits of Lithuanians were observed between 1994 and 2002. However, educational differences in nutrition habits still remain significant. In conclusion, alongside with other health interventions, the programs aimed at reducing inequalities in health should consider the educational differences in nutrition habits of Lithuanians paying more attention to less educated persons.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Importance of the modern health management for the success of health reform in Lithuania].

Reform of the Lithuanian health system is a challenging process. The aim of this article is to assess the role of health managers in the process of health reform, evaluating the perception of health management and their training needs, as the possible determinants for the success of the reform. The results of several questionnaire surveys of Lithuanian health managers, particularly the one carried out in 2002 are used. The studies demonstrate great diversity in the conceptual understanding of health management, with prevailing rational and technical understanding. This might be associated with the rapid structural and organizational changes in the early stages of health reform and insufficient involvement of health managers in the planning and management of changes. General management, health policy, economic and law are considered as the most important study areas for health managers. The major lacking knowledge is in the subjects of law, economics and health financing. Health managers should act as mediators between politicians and health professionals. Enlargement of the area of competences, increasing autonomy in solving problems and meeting of the training needs of health managers is essential.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2004

A cohort study of term infants from Vilnius, Lithuania: feeding patterns.

AIM: To present infant feeding patterns and to relate these to selected biological and social factors. METHODS: One hundred and ninety-two infants born at four delivery departments were followed prospectively from birth to 12 mo of age. Their parents were asked to tick weekly if the infant received items on a list of the most common infant foods and drinks, including breast milk. RESULTS: All infants started breastfeeding. Median duration of exclusive breastfeeding was 0.5 mo, and 3.75 mo for "any breastfeeding". Mothers who were older (>25 y), better educated (>11 y) and non-smokers breastfed significantly longer (median 4 mo). Median introduction of cow's milk was 8 (range 2-12) mo. At the age of 12 mo, 78% of infants received cow's milk and 58% of infants received cow's milk as the sole source of milk. Mothers who were younger (<21 y) and less educated (<12 y) introduced cow's milk significantly earlier. Mean (SD) start of solids was 3.4 (1.0) mo. Longer duration of breastfeeding was the only factor significantly associated with the later start of solids. Ninety-two percent of infants were introduced to fresh cheese before 12 mo. Additional liquids were widely given both to breastfed and non-breastfed infants. CONCLUSIONS: Compliance with the current infant feeding recommendations is not sufficient. Breastfeeding rates are low. Use of high-protein products is widespread. More effort should be made to educate young, less educated and smoking mothers.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of different laboratory methods for diagnosis of pig chlamydiosis in Lithuania.

Pig chlamydiosis is antrophozoonosis caused by Chlamydophila abortus. Chlamydias (C type) are widely found in nature and can infect humans, domestic and wild mammals, and 139 types of birds. The peculiar feature of chlamydias is the tropism to different tissues, organs and organisms. In 2502 pig blood sera tests from Lithuanian farms, anti-chlamydia complement binding (CB) antibodies were detected in 192 cases (7.7%). Serological tests showed the following (C type) chlamydia bearing regions: 22.0% Mazeikiai district, 17.2%--Kaisiadorys district, 13.5%--Panevezys district, 12.3%--Vilkaviskis district. Rare incidence of the disease was found in Siauliai district 1,2% and Klaipeda district 2.5% farms. The highest antibody titers in blood serum tests were found in Joint Stock Company (JSC) "Krekenava" and "Vejine", i.e. 1:128 and 1:64, respectively. The following methods for the study of pig chlamydiosis were used and comparatively evaluated: complement binding reaction (CBR), direct immunofluorescence (DIF), imunoenzyme assay (IEA), indirect immunofluorescense (IIF), micro immunofluorescense (MIF), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cell culture (CC) test. PCR method was found to be more sensitive and reliable compared to imunoenzyme assay, but the latter is more economic especially for screaning. In pigs with the clinically expressed symptoms, 108 pigs infected with chlamydia were detected. CB assay revealed the infection rate from 3.4% to 7.9% in piglets, sows and boars. The highest level of chlamydia infection was detected in fatteners (17.6%). Seroepizootic study of pig chlamydiosis revealed the different infection rate in the animals investigated. The highest chlamydia infection risk is in winter (10.4%) and the lowest--in summer (2.8%).

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[The first experience with sirolimus (Rapamune) after kidney transplantation in Lithuania].

Sirolimus is a new immunosuppressive agent. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of sirolimus in patients after renal transplantation and to compare graft function, the frequency of rejection episodes and complications with patients under cyclosporin A treatment. From May 2002 to January 2005 26 renal transplant patients were treated with sirolimus. 13 patients (group A) were treated with sirolimus before renal transplantation and 13 patients (group B) were converted to sirolimus in late period after transplantation because of chronic cyclosporin A nephrotoxicity, chronic graft nephropathy and due to intolerance of cyclosporin A (mean time after transplantation: 18 months). Sirolimus was started as a loading dose 5-6 mg per day and reduced to 2-3 mg per day. Mean sirolimus blood concentration was 8.19+/-6.7 ng/ml. Results were compared according to age, gender, the number of HLA matches, plasma renin activity levels, etc., with 52 patients (control (C) group) under cyclosporin A, mycophenolate mofetil and steroids treatment. During 3 months, the acute rejections were in 30.8% of patients (4/13) and 65.4% of patients (17/26) for group A and group B, respectively (chi2=6.568, p<0.05). Renal function at 12 months: mean serum creatinine was 165.5+/-29 micromol/l vs. 214.2+/-67.9 micromol/l, urea 9.6+/-2.6 mmol/l vs. 13.9+/-9.3 mmol/l. There were no differences in platelet counts between groups, but serum cholesterol value was higher in the patients of group A (8.11+/-0.9 mmol/l vs. 6.54+/-1.4 mmol/l), blood pressure (140+/-13/87+/-14 mmHg vs. 150+/-15/85+/-12 mmHg). Patients were treated for different infections, cytomegalovirus infection and sepsis (28.6% (6/21) vs. 45.2% (19/52) for group A and group B, respectively). Our results have shown that sirolimus in combination with mycophenolate mofetil and steroids is an effective alternative to continuous therapy without cyclosporine.

Adolescent↗