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PubMed1999

An architecture for bridging between research and practical use in health informatics.

Health informatics is a true interdisciplinary research discipline combining computer engineering, health science and fields dealing with organisation and communication issues. Much of the research published within the area has a common goal: to develop optimal information systems for better access to relevant data, information, and knowledge in the health care sector. As a respond to existing discontinuity between research and practical use, we present an architecture for an interdisciplinary virtual organisation promoting synergy across health informatics environments including research, industry, clinical, and educational settings. A set of key lessons learned from a practical implementation of the architecture are reported.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1995

The future of MEBC: panel discussion.

The expected developments in the not too distant future (5-10 years) of molecular electronics and biocomputing (MEBC) are discussed. In the short-term, the study of very specific basic phenomena is expected (e.g. conducting polymers, strange electronic states of insulating polymers, bacteriorhodopsin (BR), arrays of molecules, self-organization of biomaterials, very specific biological systems, quantum coherence in cytoskeletal microtubules, optoelectronic information storage, associative memories, pattern recognition, hierarchical nature of biological information). New application fields outside the range of conventional technology (e.g. randomized algorithms, optoelectronic devices, chemical and biosensors, as well as a certain extent of commercialisation) have also been predicted. In the long-term, the study and solution of much deeper (sometimes scientific fiction-like) problems were foreseen, such as the self-organization of biomaterials, artificial self-reproduction, implementation of artificial cell dynamic control structures based on molecular devices for medical and environmental applications and the construction of neuronal computers as aids to the human brain.

Electronics, Medical↗
PubMed1994

Health care professional workstations: where are we now? ... where should we be tomorrow?

This article looks back over four years during which major changes have occurred in healthcare informatics, both technically and from a policy perspective. A remarkable portion of what medical-informatics professionals were proposing in 1989 has subsequently come to pass. Thus, one lesson from reflections on the recent past is that now is the time for us to devise realistic expectations of what we will see happen in the next four years. Possible scenarios for the future are outlined, as are suggestions for how the informatics community might best prepare for what lies ahead.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2002

Communication in science.

Science must have a common language. For centuries, Latin language carried out this job, but the progress in computer technology and internet world through the last 20 years, began to produce a new language with the new century; the computer language. The information masses, which need data language standardization, are the followings; Digital libraries and medical education systems, Consumer health informatics, Medical education systems, World Wide Web Applications, Database systems, Medical language processing, Automatic indexing systems, Image processing units, Telemedicine, New Generation Internet (NGI).

Communication↗
PubMed2000

Searching for molecules with similar biological activity: analysis by fingerprint profiling.

We have recently developed a mini-fingerprint (MFP) representation for small molecules that performs well in database searches for compounds with similar biological activity. The MFP consists of only 54 bit positions that account for numerical ranges of three two-dimensional (2D) descriptors or the presence or absence of defined structural fragments. Here we present an analysis method, termed fingerprint profiling, to systematically compare bit patterns of compounds belonging to different biological activity classes. Some but not all bit positions were variably occupied in seven different activity classes and responsible for the detection of structure-activity differences. The analysis has made it possible to rank bit positions and encoded molecular descriptors according to their importance for our similarity search calculations. Fingerprint profiling can be applied to any keyed bit string representation and should be helpful, for example, to analyze descriptor distributions in large compound databases.

Computer-Aided Design↗
PubMed1993

[Current and future perspectives of medical information network systems for community health using personal computers and IC cards].

Recent developments in computer and communication technology were studied in relation to medical information network systems, using computers and IC cards, to solve problems in community health. Trial use of personal computer network systems among physicians and IC card systems for personal health data management are already in existence in some parts of Japan. These trials were studied and analyzed based on a questionnaire survey of physicians and patients. Results of the study produced some useful points that should be considered when introducing these systems. These included: 1) details on expectations and specifications for these systems by physicians and patients, 2) easy access to valuable information is a key point for active network systems among physicians, 3) plausibility of improvement of communication between physicians and patients by using these systems, 4) recognition that an important problem concerns patient information privacy and must be considered before introducing these systems. A study of practical merits of these systems and methodology for realization indicates that participation by active and attractive providers of information can be expected to stimulate frequent use of the network system. The cost of introducing these systems can be partially borne by eliminating the large investment now allocated for processing requests for reimbursement of medical services. Investigation into the introduction of medical information systems provides a good opportunity to elucidate problems in the present medical systems.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1998

Using a WWW-based mail user agent for secure electronic mail service for health care users.

WWW-based user interface is presented for secure electronic mail service for healthcare users. Using this method, communications between an electronic mail (WWW) server and users (WWW browsers) can be performed securely using Secure Socket Layer protocol-based Hypertext Transfer Protocol (SSL-HTTP). The mail can be encrypted, signed, and sent to the recipients and vice versa on the remote WWW server. The merit of this method is that many healthcare users can use a secure electronic mail system easily and immediately, because SSL-compatible WWW browsers are widely used and this system can be made available simply by installing a WWW-based mail user agent on a mail server. We implemented a WWW-based mail user agent which is compatible with PEM-based secure mail and made it available to about 16,000 healthcare users. We believe this approach is effective in facilitating secure network-based information exchange among medical professionals.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2006

A technique for identifying three diagnostic findings using association analysis.

In diagnosing diseases in clinical practice, a combination of three clinical findings is often used to represent each disease. This is largely because it is often difficult or impractical to assess for all possible combinations of symptoms and abnormal exam findings that occur in any particular disease. For most diseases, diagnostic triads are based on empirical observations. In this study, we determined diagnostic triads for chronic diseases using data mining procedures. We also verified the combinations' validity as well as our procedure for determining them. We used symptoms and examination findings from 477 patients with chronic diseases, collected as part of a 35-year longitudinal study begun in 1968. For each patient there were 295 items from examinations in internal medicine, dermatology, ophthalmology, dentistry and blood tests. We judged each item to be either normal or abnormal, and restricted the analysis to the abnormal findings. To analyze such an exhaustive assortment, we used the data mining technique of association analysis. The analysis generated three clinical findings for each disease. Diseases were defined based on blood tests. Searching through all 295 items to find the three most useful clinical findings would be impractical on a commodity PC. However, by excluding normal items, we were able to sufficiently reduce the total number of combinations so as to make combinatorial analysis on a PC feasible. In addition to more accurate diagnoses, we believe our technique can identify those diagnostic data that are more cost effective in terms of time and other resources required for their collection.

Data Collection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A survey of fuzzy logic monitoring and control utilisation in medicine.

Intelligent systems have appeared in many technical areas, such as consumer electronics, robotics and industrial control systems. Many of these intelligent systems are based on fuzzy control strategies which describe complex systems mathematical models in terms of linguistic rules. Since the 1980s new techniques have appeared from which fuzzy logic has been applied extensively in medical systems. The justification for such intelligent systems driven solutions is that biological systems are so complex that the development of computerised systems within such environments is not always a straightforward exercise. In practice, a precise model may not exist for biological systems or it may be too difficult to model. In most cases fuzzy logic is considered to be an ideal tool as human minds work from approximate data, extract meaningful information and produce crisp solutions. This paper surveys the utilisation of fuzzy logic control and monitoring in medical sciences with an analysis of its possible future penetration.

Artificial Intelligence↗