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At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Modification of systemic and regional circulatory effects of intracerebroventricular administration of endothelin-1 by propranolol in anesthetized rats.

1. Cardiovascular effects of centrally administered endothelin-1 (ET-1) were studied in control and propranolol-treated anesthetized rats using a radioactive microsphere technique. 2. In the control group, blood pressure, cardiac output, and stroke volume were decreased, and heart rate was not altered after the administration of ET-1.ET-1 produced a reduction in blood flow to the brain, heart, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, portal system, musculoskeletal system, and skin. 3. Propranolol significantly attenuated the decrease in blood pressure, cardiac output and stroke volume induced by centrally administered ET-1. The reduction in blood flow to the brain, heart, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, portal system, musculoskeletal system and skin induced by centrally administered ET-1 was blocked by propranolol. 4. It is concluded that centrally administered ET produces significant cardiovascular effects which are mediated through the sympathetic nervous system and could be antagonized by propranolol. These findings can also be helpful in explaining some of the beneficial effects of propranolol in various cardiovascular disorders involving central ET mechanisms.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed2006

Aging and running experience affects the gearing in the musculoskeletal system of the lower extremities while walking.

The aims of this study were to investigate whether older adults modify their walking mechanics to compensate for the degeneration in their muscle-tendon units (MTUs), and to examine whether running has a beneficial effect on walking mechanics in younger and older adults. The investigation was conducted on 30 older and 19 younger adults divided into two subgroups: runners versus non-active. In previous studies we documented that older adults had lower leg-extensor muscle strength and tendon stiffness compared to younger. Runners and non-active subjects had similar MTU capacities. In this study we analysed walking kinematics and kinetics (1.6 m/s) from the same subjects. Older adults showed a lower gear ratio (ratio between moment arm of the ground reaction force and moment arm of muscle) at the triceps surae MTU during the initial and mid part of ground contact, lower average horizontal forces and lower average ankle joint moment during ground contact compared to younger (p<0.05). Compared to non-active subjects, runners had a lower gear ratio at the quadriceps femoris MTU during the initial and final part of ground contact, lower average horizontal forces and lower maximal knee joint moment during ground contact independent of the subject's age (p<0.05). We concluded that the older adults modify the gearing at the ankle joint in order to adjust the task effort to the reduced triceps surae muscle strength. It appears, further, that runners walked more effectively from a mechanical standpoint compared to non-active subjects, which suggests that runners may be able to transfer motor adaptation from running to walking even in old age.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1993

Congenital defects of the bovine musculoskeletal system and joints.

A variety of structural and functional congenital defects affecting the central nervous system of cattle have been identified. This article discusses specific defects of the central nervous system. Spastic and paralytic, metabolic, and storage diseases are reviewed.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Degenerative diseases of the musculoskeletal system--overview of current clinical studies of Devil's Claw (Harpagophyti radix)].

Herbal medicinal products with secondary tubers of Devil's Claw (Harpagophyti radix) are successfully used in degenerative rheumatism. The interest in this herbal drug is documented by many controlled and uncontrolled clinical studies in the last few years. Efficacy was tested in patients with degenerative rheumatism or low back pain. There was shown an improvement of motility and a reduction of pain sensation and a good tolerability following an administration even for only few weeks.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2004

Musculoskeletal system.

Diagnostic imaging has played a major role in the evaluation of patients with cancers of the bone and soft tissue. The imaging modalities have included radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and bone scintigraphy. Current experience suggests that functional imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) and [F-18]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) may also have an important role in the imaging evaluation of patients with bone and soft tissue sarcoma, including guiding biopsy, detecting local recurrence in amputation stumps, detecting metastatic disease, predicting and monitoring response to therapy, and assessing for prognosis. Prospective studies with large patient groups will be essential to define the exact diagnostic role of FDG PET in this clinical setting, which should also include an evaluation of the cost-effectiveness and the short-term and long-term benefits in clinical decision making and management. In this article, we review the diagnostic utility of dedicated PET and PET combined with computed tomography imaging system in the evaluation of patients with bone and soft tissue malignancies.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed2000

Re-examination of training effects by electrostimulation in the human elbow musculoskeletal system.

This study examines the effects of a 7 weeks sub-maximal training period of electrostimulation on the maximal isometric, concentric, eccentric voluntary torque and muscle contractile properties of the elbow flexor muscles of nine subjects. The daily program consisted of five series of six 6-s isometric actions (60 to 70% of maximal isometric voluntary action) at an elbow angle of 90 . After training the maximal voluntary isometric flexion torque increased significantly whereas the maximal voluntary isometric extension torque decreased significantly. Increases in isometric flexion torque were linked to an increase of the myoelectrical activity of the biceps brachii muscle. Under dynamic conditions flexion torque was significantly increased throughout the whole spectrum of angular velocities. These changes were accompanied by an increase in the myoelectrical activity of the agonist muscle under eccentric conditions and at two fast concentric angular velocities, without modifications of the myoelectrical activity of the antagonist muscle. The analysis of the electrical and mechanical twitches indicated that modifications of the muscle membrane electrical activity were also present at the muscle level. These results indicate that torque gains were attributed to neural adaptations and/or to a modification of the relative part of agonist and antagonist muscles in elbow flexion torque production.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1991

[Jogging--stress-induced damage of the musculoskeletal system].

During a period of 8 months 121 male and 99 female joggers were interviewed by a standardised questionnaire in respect of their running behaviour and problems caused by jogging. Only such runners were included who had jogged regularly on at least 2 days, regarding women on at least one day per week for at least 30 minutes during the last 2 years. Additionally a detailed orthopaedic examination was carried out in the ambulance of the Orthopaedic University clinic. The overwhelming majority of male and female joggers had a secondary education and practised easy physical activities. Only 4 per cent of the interviewed persons worked physically hard. In connection with jogging, 67 male and 44 female joggers developed signs at the locomotor system. Among the major problems with regard to running were Achilles tendinitis, calf muscle strain, shin splints and complaints referring to foot deformities. Injuries were seen only rarely. Jogging on forest grounds and cinder paths is less strenuous compared to asphalt tracks or tartan paths. Training errors were among the main causes of complaints occurring during running. Traumatic or posttraumatic influences as well as incorrect footwear were of secondary importance regarding the occurrence of complaints.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Magnetic resonance imaging of the musculoskeletal system: Part 3. The elbow.

Magnetic resonance imaging provides clinically useful information in assessing the elbow joint. Superior depiction of muscles, ligaments, and tendons as well as the ability to directly visualize nerves, bone marrow, and hyaline cartilage are advantages of magnetic resonance imaging relative to conventional imaging techniques. Ongoing improvements in surface coil design and newer pulse sequences have resulted in higher quality magnetic resonance images of the elbow. Traumatic and degenerative disorders of the elbow are well seen with MR imaging. The sequelae of medial traction and lateral compression from valgus stress include medial collateral ligament injury, common flexor tendon pathology, medial traction spurs, ulnar neuropathy, and osteochondritis dissecans. These conditions as well as lateral collateral ligament injury and lateral epicondylitis may be characterized with magnetic resonance imaging. Posttraumatic osseous abnormalities well seen by magnetic resonance imaging include radiographically occult fractures, stress fractures, bone contusions, and apophyseal avulsions. Magnetic resonance imaging also can be used to assess cartilaginous extension of fractures in children. Intraarticular loose bodies can be identified with magnetic resonance imaging, especially if fluid or contrast material is present within the elbow joint. Biceps and triceps tendon injuries can be diagnosed and characterized. Magnetic resonance imaging also can provide additional information regarding entrapment neuropathies about the elbow. Magnetic resonance imaging is perhaps most useful when patients have not responded to conservative therapy and therefore surgery and additional diagnoses are being considered.

Elbow↗
PubMed1997

Magnetic resonance imaging of the musculoskeletal system: part 7. The ankle.

Diagnosis of many traumatic or attritional lesions about the ankle may be difficult with only the history, physical examination, and conventional radiographs. When uncertainty is present clinically or when precise depiction of the extent of injury will assist with treatment planning, magnetic resonance imaging may be a useful adjunct to these basic methods of evaluation. In particular, magnetic resonance imaging is useful for the identification and evaluation of tendinitis, tendon dislocations, osteochondral lesions, and occult fractures. Additional clinical settings in which magnetic resonance imaging may be helpful include evaluation of tumors, osteomyelitis, and tarsal coalition.

Achilles Tendon↗